Circle line (London Underground)
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The Circle line is a spiral-shaped
The first section became operational in 1863 when the Metropolitan Railway opened the world's first underground line between Paddington and Farringdon with wooden carriages and steam locomotives. The same year a select committee report recommended an "inner circle" of lines connecting the London railway termini, and the Metropolitan District Railway (commonly known as the District Railway) was formed to build the southern portion of the line.
In 1871, services began between
Starting in 2015, the signalling system was upgraded as part of a programme to increase peak-hour capacity on the line. The six-car
History
Origins
In 1863, the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway, opened in London between Paddington and Farringdon, connecting the Great Western Railway's relatively remote terminus at Paddington with Euston and King's Cross stations and the City, London's financial district. In the same year, a select committee report recommended an "inner circle" of railway lines connecting the London termini that had been built or were under construction. In the next year, the Metropolitan District Railway (commonly known as the District Railway) was formed to build and operate a railway from South Kensington to Tower Hill. The Metropolitan western extension from a new station at Paddington to South Kensington opened in 1868. By May 1870, the District Railway had opened its line from West Brompton to Blackfriars via Gloucester Road and South Kensington, services being operated at first by the Metropolitan.[3] In 1871, the District had built a terminus at Mansion House, and on 18 November 1876 the Metropolitan opened its terminus at Aldgate.[4] Because of the conflict between the two companies, it took an Act of Parliament before further work was done on the inner circle.[5] In 1882, the Metropolitan extended its line from Aldgate to a temporary station at Tower Hill and the District completed its line to Whitechapel. On 6 October 1884, the temporary station was replaced with a joint station and the inner circle was complete.[6][7] The Metropolitan provided the clockwise, or "outer rail", trains; the District the "inner rail", or anti-clockwise.[8] Many breakdowns occurred, due to the unbalanced wear and tear inflicted upon the train and carriages caused by travelling in a single circular direction. Equally, services were further disrupted due to petty squabbles between the two rivals including an incident whereby the Metropolitan Railway forcibly removed (using three trains) the District Railway's parked carriages which had been chained to the track.[9]
Other circle routes
As well as the inner circle, other routes circumnavigated London, although these were not complete loops. From 1872, the
The Midland Railway briefly ran a
Electrification
Wooden carriages were originally hauled by
The District and Metropolitan Railways bought different designs of electric multiple unit. Both had open saloons; the Metropolitan trains with gated ends, the District B Stock with sliding doors in the middle of each car.[12] When their introduction was attempted on 1 July 1905, a Metropolitan train overturned the third rail on the District Railway, requiring all Metropolitan trains to be modified before running again on the District lines. A fully electric service began on 24 September, initially with six-car trains, later reduced to four-car.[13] The Metropolitan trains were soon modified to enclose the gated end[14] and eventually to add sliding doors in the middle.[15] Trains were increased to five cars in 1918 and the Metropolitan introduced new stock in 1921, with three pairs of sliding double doors on trailer cars.[16] In 1926 the Metropolitan took over all inner circle workings except for three trains on Sundays.[17]
London Transport
On 1 July 1933, the Metropolitan and the District Railways were amalgamated with other Underground railways, tramway companies and bus operators to form the London Passenger Transport Board. Metropolitan Railway electric multiple units were refurbished in 1934 at Acton Works to become eighteen five-car trains of Circle Stock, at first painted red and cream, later painted red all over to reduce costs. These trains included first-class accommodation,[18] but this was downgraded in 1940.[19] From 1947, these were replaced by five-car trains of O and P Stock, with doors remotely operated by the guard, released by the transfer of F Stock to the Uxbridge line.[20] The 1933 London Underground Beck map shows a Metropolitan line north of High Street Kensington and Mark Lane stations and a District line south of these points.[21] On the 1947 map, the Metropolitan and District lines were shown together in the same colour[22] and two years later in 1949 the Circle line was shown separately on the map.[23]
In 1959–1960, Circle line trains were increased to six cars, the same length as those operating on the Hammersmith & City line, and the stock of the two lines was integrated with maintenance concentrated at Hammersmith depot, allowing
On 7 July 2005, at about 08:50, bombs exploded on two Circle line trains. One was travelling between Liverpool Street and Aldgate and the other was at Edgware Road. The bombs killed 15 people, including the two suicide bombers.[28][29] Following the attacks, the whole of the Circle line was closed until 8 August.[30]
A day before a ban on drinking alcohol on public transport in London came into force, a party was held on 31 May 2008, mainly on the Circle line. Thousands of people attended and 17 were arrested by police due to disorderly behaviour, eventually causing several stations to be closed.[31]
Extension
Prior to 13 December 2009, Circle line trains travelled in both directions around a simple loop with 27 stations and 12.89 miles (20.75 km) of track. In 2006, there were fourteen trains in service on the line with an interval between trains of 8+1⁄2 minutes during peak hours and 8 minutes off-peak; the minimum running time around the circle off-peak was 51+1⁄2 minutes,[32] although timetabled stops at stations extended this.[b]
In December 2009, the Circle line was extended to include the Hammersmith & City route from Edgware Road to Hammersmith. Rather than continuously running around the circle, trains now travel from Hammersmith to Edgware Road, generally going around the circle once before terminating at Edgware Road, and returning via the same route; occasionally, trains may also continue clockwise through Edgware Road to additional stations. The change was made to improve reliability and increase the service frequency on the Hammersmith branch.[34]
In March 2020, following the UK government's implementation of lockdown restricting all non-essential travel, the Circle line, along with the Waterloo & City line, was suspended.[35]
Route
Map
Railway line
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The Circle line is 17 miles (27 km) long with 36 stations.
East of Westbourne Park the line passes beneath the
After passing through Aldgate station, the terminus of the Metropolitan line, the line joins the District line shortly before Tower Hill; this part of the line includes stations on the
Services
As of December 2012[update], there are six trains per hour, calling at all stations,[42] requiring 18 trains in service.[36] The journey from Edgware Road around the loop and continuing to Hammersmith takes 72 minutes off-peak.[42] Together with the Hammersmith & City line over 114 million passenger journeys are made each year.[43] Paddington and all stations on the loop are within Zone 1, with those on the line to Hammersmith in Zone 2.[44]
Two trains per day run from Barking to Edgware Road via Victoria (as of February 2015).[45]
Announcements
Historically there has been difficulty in relaying the direction of travel a train is headed in a clear message: variations such as "eastbound" and "westbound", and "clockwise" and "anti-clockwise" can be ambiguous. As passengers became more accustomed to digital devices,
Rolling stock
From 1970 to 2014, services were provided using six-car
The C69 stock trains were replaced by
Depot
The line's depot is at Hammersmith,[c] close to Hammersmith station, originally built by the Great Western Railway to be operated by the Metropolitan Railway when the joint Hammersmith & City Railway was electrified in the early 20th century.[56] Sidings at Barking, Farringdon and near High Street Kensington (known as Triangle Sidings) stable trains overnight.[36]
Four Lines Modernisation (4LM)
It was planned that a new signalling system would be used first on the sub-surface lines from the end of 2016,[57] but signalling contractor Bombardier was released from its contract by agreement in December 2013 amid heavy criticism of the procurement process[58] and London Underground subsequently awarded the contract for the project to Thales in August 2015.[59]
With the introduction of S7 Stock, the track, electrical supply, and signalling systems are being upgraded in a programme planned to increase peak-hour capacity on the line by 27 per cent by the end of 2023.[57][60][61] A single control room for the sub-surface railway opened at Hammersmith on 6 May 2018, and Communications Based Train Control (CBTC) provided by Thales will progressively replace 'fixed block' signalling equipment dating back to the 1940s.[57][62]
The rollout of CBTC has been split into sections, each known as a Signal Migration Area (SMA), and are located on the line as follows:[63]
SMA[i] | from | to | status | date |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 | Hammersmith | Latimer Road | Completed | March 2019 |
1 | Latimer Road | Paddington | Completed | September 2019 |
2 | Paddington | Euston Square | Completed | September 2019 |
3 | Euston Square | Monument | Completed | March 2021 |
4 | Monument | Sloane Square | Completed | April 2021 |
5 | Sloane Square | Paddington | Completed | March 2022 |
- ^ SMAs 6–14 concerns parts of the District, Hammersmith & City, and Metropolitan lines.
List of stations
Station | Image | Opened[7] | Additional information | Position |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hammersmith | 13 June 1864 | Moved to current position 1 December 1868. Hammersmith & City Line.
|
51°29′39″N 000°13′30″W / 51.49417°N 0.22500°W | |
Goldhawk Road | 1 April 1914 | 51°30′07″N 000°13′37″W / 51.50194°N 0.22694°W | ||
Shepherd's Bush Market | 13 June 1864 | Moved to current position 1 April 1914.[7] Renamed from "Shepherd's Bush" in 2008.[64] | 51°30′21″N 000°13′35″W / 51.50583°N 0.22639°W | |
Wood Lane | 1 May 1908 | Open as Wood Lane (Exhibition) 1908–14 and as required from 1920 as Wood Lane (White City). Renamed White City in 1947 and closed in 1959,[7] until re-opened as Wood Lane on 12 October 2008.[65] | 51°30′35″N 000°13′27″W / 51.50972°N 0.22417°W | |
Latimer Road |
16 December 1868 | Closed from 17 January to 1 August 2011 for engineering and refurbishment works.[66] | 51°30′50″N 000°13′02″W / 51.51389°N 0.21722°W | |
Ladbroke Grove | 13 June 1864 | Opened as Notting Hill, renamed Notting Hill & Ladbroke Grove in 1880, Ladbroke Grove (North Kensington) in 1919, and Ladbroke Grove in 1938.[7] | 51°31′02″N 000°12′38″W / 51.51722°N 0.21056°W | |
Westbourne Park | 1 February 1866 | Moved to current position 1 November 1871,[7] and a Great Western Main Line station from 1871 to 1992.[67] | 51°31′16″N 000°12′04″W / 51.52111°N 0.20111°W | |
Royal Oak | 30 October 1871 | Also a Great Western Main Line station after opening[68] until 1934. | 51°31′09″N 000°11′17″W / 51.51917°N 0.18806°W | |
Paddington | 10 January 1863 | Opened as Paddington (Bishop's Road), renamed in 1948. main line station. | 51°31′07″N 000°10′46″W / 51.51861°N 0.17944°W | |
Edgware Road | 10 January 1863 | Connects with District and the anti-clockwise Circle lines. | 51°31′12″N 000°10′04″W / 51.52000°N 0.16778°W | |
Baker Street | 10 January 1863 | Connects with Bakerloo, Jubilee and Metropolitan lines. |
51°31′19″N 000°09′25″W / 51.52194°N 0.15694°W | |
Great Portland Street | 10 January 1863 | Opened as Portland Road, renamed Great Portland Street in 1917. Named Great Portland Street & Regent's Park 1923–33.[7] | 51°31′26″N 000°08′38″W / 51.52389°N 0.14389°W | |
Euston Square | 10 January 1863 | Opened as Gower Street and renamed in 1909.[7] Street connection with London Overground and National rail services from Euston main line station. | 51°31′33″N 000°08′09″W / 51.52583°N 0.13583°W | |
10 January 1863 | Opened as King's Cross, renamed King's Cross & St. Pancras in 1925 and King's Cross St. Pancras in 1933. Moved to current position in 1941.[7] Connects with Northern, Piccadilly and Victoria lines and National and International Rail Services from St Pancras and King's Cross main line stations. |
51°31′49″N 000°07′27″W / 51.53028°N 0.12417°W | ||
Farringdon | 10 January 1863 | Interchangeable with National Rail (Thameslink) services and the Elizabeth line. Opened as Farringdon Street, and moved to current position in 1865. Renamed Farringdon & High Holborn in 1922 and Farringdon in 1936.[7] | 51°31′12″N 000°06′19″W / 51.52000°N 0.10528°W | |
Barbican | 23 December 1865 | Opened as Aldersgate Street, then Aldersgate in 1910, Aldersgate & Barbican in 1923 and Barbican in 1968.[7] | 51°31′13″N 000°05′52″W / 51.52028°N 0.09778°W | |
Moorgate | 23 December 1865 | Opened as Moorgate Street, renamed in 1924. Liverpool Street Station owing to the long platforms. |
51°31′07″N 000°05′19″W / 51.51861°N 0.08861°W | |
Liverpool Street | 11 July 1875 | From February to July 1875 trains used platforms in the mainline station. from platforms 15, 16 and 17. | 51°31′04″N 000°04′59″W / 51.51778°N 0.08306°W | |
Aldgate | 18 November 1876 | Connects with Metropolitan line. | 51°30′50″N 000°04′34″W / 51.51389°N 0.07611°W | |
Tower Hill | 25 September 1882 | The Metropolitan Railway opened "Tower of London", however closed this in 1884 as the District Railway had opened "Mark Lane" nearby. This station was renamed "Tower Hill" in 1946 and moved to the site of the "Tower of London" station in 1967. Tower Gateway, National rail services from Fenchurch Street mainline station, and Riverboat services from Tower Pier |
51°30′36″N 000°04′34″W / 51.51000°N 0.07611°W | |
6 October 1884 | Opened as Eastcheap, renamed The Monument in 1884. Waterloo & City and DLR . |
51°30′47″N 000°05′17″W / 51.51306°N 0.08806°W | ||
Cannon Street | 6 October 1884 | Connects with Cannon Street main line station. | 51°30′37″N 000°05′27″W / 51.51028°N 0.09083°W | |
Mansion House | 3 July 1871 | 51°30′44″N 000°05′39″W / 51.51222°N 0.09417°W | ||
Blackfriars | 30 May 1870 | Connects with National rail services from Blackfriars main line station, including Thameslink services, and Riverboat services from Blackfriars Pier | 51°30′42″N 000°06′11″W / 51.51167°N 0.10306°W | |
Temple | 30 May 1870 | Opened as The Temple.[7] | 51°30′40″N 000°06′52″W / 51.51111°N 0.11444°W | |
Embankment | 30 May 1870 | Opened as Charing Cross, renamed Charing Cross Embankment in 1974 and to the current name from 1976. Bakerloo and Northern lines, National rail services from Charing Cross main line station, and Riverboat services from Embankment Pier |
51°30′25″N 000°07′19″W / 51.50694°N 0.12194°W | |
Westminster | 24 December 1868 | Opened as Westminster Bridge, renamed in 1907.[7] Connects with Jubilee line. | 51°30′04″N 000°07′30″W / 51.50111°N 0.12500°W | |
St James's Park | 24 December 1868 | The former London Underground Headquarters offices, 55 Broadway, were built over the station. | 51°29′58″N 000°08′04″W / 51.49944°N 0.13444°W | |
Victoria | 24 December 1868 | Connects with Victoria line, National rail services from Victoria main line station and Victoria bus station. | 51°29′48″N 000°08′41″W / 51.49667°N 0.14472°W | |
Sloane Square | 24 December 1868 | 51°29′33″N 000°09′24″W / 51.49250°N 0.15667°W | ||
South Kensington | 24 December 1868 | Connects with Piccadilly line. | 51°29′39″N 000°10′26″W / 51.49417°N 0.17389°W | |
Gloucester Road | 1 October 1868 | Opened as Brompton (Gloucester Road), renamed in 1907.[7] Connects with Piccadilly and District lines. | 51°29′41″N 000°10′59″W / 51.49472°N 0.18306°W | |
High Street Kensington | 1 October 1868 | Opened as Kensington (High Street) and name gradually changed by 1880.[7] Connects with District line Edgware Road branch. | 51°30′03″N 000°11′33″W / 51.50083°N 0.19250°W | |
Notting Hill Gate | 1 October 1868 | Connects with Central line. | 51°30′32″N 000°11′49″W / 51.50889°N 0.19694°W | |
Bayswater | 1 October 1868 | Opened as Bayswater, renamed Bayswater (Queen's Road) & Westbourne Grove in 1923, Bayswater (Queen's Road) in 1933 and Bayswater (Queensway) in 1946, after which the suffix was gradually dropped.[7] | 51°30′43″N 000°11′17″W / 51.51194°N 0.18806°W | |
Paddington | 1 October 1868 | Opened as Paddington (Praed Street), renamed in 1948. Hammersmith & City lines, Elizabeth line and National rail services from Paddington main line station. |
The line then continues to Edgware Road where trains terminate, then reverse to traverse the loop in an anticlockwise direction to Hammersmith.
Urban myths
Owing to its historically circular nature, the line has generated many
See also
- Cromwell Curve
- Tokyo Toei Oedo Line and Hamburg U3, two underground lines with similar arrangements
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ combined figures for Circle and Hammersmith & City lines
- ^ For example the 22:26 outer rail (clockwise) service from Aldgate was booked to arrive back at Aldgate at 23:22 after waiting at Gloucester Road (for 1+1⁄2 minutes), Edgware Road (2+1⁄2 minutes) and Baker Street (1⁄2 minute).[33]
- ^ Position: 51°29′52″N 000°13′31″W / 51.49778°N 0.22528°W
References
- ^ Leboff & Demuth 1999, p. 50.
- ^ "London Assembly Questions to the Mayor". London Assembly. 2022. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ Green 1987, pp. 7–9.
- ^ Green 1987, pp. 10–11.
- ^ Green 1987, p. 12.
- ^ Simpson 2003, pp. 23–4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Rose 2007.
- ^ a b c Bruce 1983, p. 11.
- ISBN 9781909217379.
- ^ Horne 2003, p. 28.
- ^ Green 1987, p. 25.
- ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 33, 37.
- ^ Bruce 1983, p. 40.
- ^ Bruce 1983, p. 37.
- ^ Bruce 1983, p. 39.
- ^ Bruce 1983, p. 71.
- ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 40–41.
- ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 76–77.
- ^ Green 1987, p. 51.
- ^ Bruce 1983, p. 94.
- ^ Green 1987, p. 33.
- ^ Green 1987, p. 54.
- ^ "1949 tube map". Archived from the original on 15 August 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ Bruce 1983, p. 95.
- ^ Bruce 1983, p. 114.
- ISBN 978-1-85414-151-4.
- ^ "PPP Performance Report" (PDF). Transport for London. 2010. pp. 7–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
- ^ "7 July Bombings: Edgware Road". BBC News. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ^ "7 July Bombings: Aldgate". BBC News. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ^ Day & Reed 2010, p. 217.
- ^ "Tube drinks party sparks mayhem". BBC News. 1 June 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ^ Working Timetable No. 21, from 11 June 2006. London Underground. 20 April 2006. pp. 2–3.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ Working Timetable No. 21, from 11 June 2006. London Underground. 20 April 2006. p. 45.
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:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ "Circle Line extended to the west". BBC News. 5 March 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
- ^ "Decision to cut Tube services caused overcrowding, say watchdogs". City A.M. London. 20 April 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- ^ a b c "Circle line facts". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Detailed London Transport Map". cartometro.com. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
- ISBN 978-1-84765-807-4. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
- ^ Jackson 1986, p. 38.
- ^ Jackson 1986, p. 48.
- ^ Jackson 1986, pp. 52–53.
- ^ a b "Hammersmith to Edgware Road Circle line timetable". Transport for London. Retrieved 9 December 2012. In the Tube timetable - Tube station box select "Hammersmith (H&C Line)" and press Get Timetable. Select Edgware Road timetable and then view timetable.
- ^ "Performance: LU Performance Data Almanac". Transport for London. 2012. Archived from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ "Standard Tube Map" (PDF). Transport for London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
- ^ Elledge, Jonn (2 November 2015). "London Underground: Why are Circle line trains showing up at Whitechapel?". CityMetric. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- ^ ISBN 978-1846684784.
- ^ "London Underground voice announcements". ilyabirman.net. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
- ISBN 185414-193-7.
- ^ "S Stock trains take to Circle line". Global Rail News. 3 September 2013. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ Prentice, Paul (18 September 2013). "S Stock trains enter service on the Circle and District lines". Rail. No. 731. p. 26.
- ^ Hendy, Peter (December 2013). "Commissioner's Report" (PDF). Transport for London. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ a b "Metro — London, United Kingdom". Bombardier. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
- ^ "Rolling Stock: C Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ^ "Rolling Stock: S stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 29 December 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2012. Note: The table erroneously says "Length per car", instead of "Length per train".
- ^ "'S' stock making its mark". Modern Railways. London. December 2010. p. 46.
- ^ Jackson 1986, p. 185.
- ^ a b c Abbott, James (January 2013). "Sub-surface renewal". Modern Railways. pp. 38–41.
- ^ "London Underground and Bombardier abandon Tube signalling contract". International Railway Journal. 3 January 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^ "London Underground resignalling reaches milestone". International Railway Journal. 13 October 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^ "Our Upgrade Plan" (PDF). Transport for London. February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
- ^ "Four Lines Modernisation". Transport for London. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^ Stewart, Rob (January 2013). "Cityflo 650 to control the SSR". Modern Railways. pp. 42–43.
- ^ "4LM signalling update". Underground News. Vol. 706. London Underground Railway Society. October 2020. p. 572.
- ^ "Modernisation complete as Shepherd's Bush Tube station re-opens" (Press release). Transport for London. 7 October 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
- ^ "New Wood Lane Underground station opens" (Press release). Transport for London. 14 October 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
- ^ "Latimer Road station to close for three months for engineering works" (Press release). Transport for London. 14 January 2011.
- ^ Butt 1995, p. 244.
- ^ Butt 1995, p. 200.
- ^ Jackson 1986, p. 70.
- ^ Jackson 1986, p. 110.
- ^ "Hadron Collider II planned for Circle Line". The Independent. London. 1 April 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
- ^ "April 1st: So, were you fooled...?". The Independent. London. 2 April 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
Bibliography
- Butt, R. V. J. (1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-8526-0508-1.
- Bruce, J Graeme (1983). Steam to Silver. A history of London Transport Surface Rolling Stock. Capital Transport. ISBN 0-904711-45-5.
- Day, John R; Reed, John (2010). The Story of London's Underground. Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-341-9.
- Green, Oliver (1987). The London Underground: An illustrated history. ISBN 0-7110-1720-4.
- Horne, Mike (2003). The Metropolitan Line. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-275-5.
- Jackson, Alan (1986). London's Metropolitan Railway. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-8839-8.
- Leboff, David; Demuth, Tim (1999). No Need to Ask!. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-215-1.
- Rose, Douglas (December 2007) [1980]. The London Underground: A Diagrammatic History (8th ed.). Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-315-0.
- Simpson, Bill (2003). A History of the Metropolitan Railway. Volume 1: The Circle and Extended Lines to Rickmansworth. Lamplight Publications. ISBN 1-899246-07-X.
Further reading
- Croome, Desmond F. (1 February 2003). Circle Line. Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-267-2.
- London Railway Map. Quail Maps. 2001. ISBN 978-1898319-54-2.
- Yonge, John (November 2008) [1994]. Jacobs, Gerald (ed.). 5: Southern & TfL. Railway Track Diagrams (3rd ed.). Bradford on Avon: Trackmaps. ISBN 978-0-9549866-4-3.
External links
- Circle Line Clive's UndergrounD Line Guides