Circumboreal Region

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The Circumboreal Region in

There are no biological families endemic to this region, but it has endemic genera (e.g. Lunaria, Borodinia, Gorodkovia, Redowskia, Soldanella, Physospermum, Astrantia, Thorella, Pulmonaria, Erinus, Ramonda, Haberlea, Stratiotes, Telekia) and many endemic species, especially in the mountains.

Floristic provinces

It is subdivided into a number of

• Arctic Province (
  Papaver polare, Salix arctica, Colpodium vahlianum, Сolpodium wrightii, Puccinellia angustata
  )

• Atlantic European Province (Ireland, United Kingdom, Andorra, parts of Portugal, Spain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark and Norway), with two endemic genera (Petrocoptis and Thorella), few dozens of endemic species (e.g. Corydalis claviculata, Ulex europaeus, Genista anglica, Deschampsia setacea)
• Central European Province (
  Narcissus angustifolius, Gymnadenia albida, Carex carvula, Calamagrostis villosa
  )
• Illyrian Province (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, parts of Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey) with several endemic genera (e.g. Haberlea) and many endemic species (e.g. Ramonda heldreichii, Ramonda nathaliae, Ramonda serbica, Picea omorika, Pinus heldreichii, Pinus peuce, Rheum rhaponticum, Aesculus hippocastanum, Forsythia europaea, Lathraea rhodopea, Wulfenia baldacci, Solenanthus scardicus, Amphoricarpus neumayeri, Narthecium scardicum, Dioscorea balcanica)
• Euxinian Province (parts of Bulgaria, Turkey,
  Andrachne colchica, Trapa colchica, Staphylea colchica, Hedera colchica, Astrantia pontica, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Seseli rupicola, Rhamnus imeretinus, Osmanthus decorus, Trachystemon orientale, Rhamphicarpa medwedewii, Gentiana paradoxa, Scabiosa olgae, Campanula mirabilis, Campanula lactiflora, Inula magnifica, Lilium ponticum, Ruscus colchicus, Dioscorea caucasica, Campanula mirabilis
  ), some endemic species and genera shared with the Caucasian Province (see below).
• Caucasian Province (parts of Russia, Georgia,
  Cladochaeta) and many endemic species (e.g. Betula raddeana, Papaver oreophilum, Corydalis pallidiflora, Сorydalis emanuelii, Cerastium kasbek, Сerastium argenteum, Сerastium multiflorum, Minuartia inamoena, Silena lacera, Gypsophila acutifolia, Dianthus fragrans, Sobolevskia caucasica, Draba bryoides, Draba elisabethae, Draba supranivalis, Draba molissima, Draba ossetica, Primula bayernii, Saxifraga subverticillata, Sedum stevenianum, Geranium renardii, Oxytropis owerinii, Genliana grossheimii, Gentinana septemfida var. lagodechiana, Gentiana marcowiczii, Veronica caucasica, Campanula andina, Centaurea amblyolepis, Lilium monadelphum, Galanthus latifolius, Ornithogalum magnum, Colchicum laetum, Asphodoline tenuior, Gagea helenae, Calamagrostis caucasica), many endemic species and genera shared with the Euxinian Province (e.g. Agasyllis, Sredinskya, Rhododendron caucasicum, Vaccinium arctostaphylos, Daphne pontica, Paris incompleta
  ).
• Eastern European Province (parts of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and Romania) without endemic genera, with some endemic species (e.g.
  Pyrus rossica, Hedysarum cretaceum, Нedysarum ucrainicum, Erodium beketowii, Linaria cretacea, Linaria macroura, Scrophularia cretacea
  )
• Northern European Province (parts of Finland, Sweden, Norway and Russia), without endemic genera, with but few endemic species (e.g. Corispermum algidum, Castilleja schrenkii)
• West Siberian Province (parts of Russia and Kazakhstan), without endemic genera, with few endemic species
• Caragana altaica, Vicia lilacina, Lathyrus frolovii, Lathyrus krylovii, Linum violascens, Scrophularia altaica, Schizonepeta annua, Valeriana petrophila, Brachanthemum baranovii, Echinops humilis, Saussurea serratuloides, Saussurea sajanensis, Allium pumilum, Carex tatjanae, species of Astragalus and Oxytropis
  )
• Central Siberian Province (parts of Russia) without endemic genera, with but few endemic species
• Transbaikalian Province (Parts of Russia and Mongolia) without endemic genera, with some endemic species (e.g. Aconitum montibaicalensis, Draba baicalensis, Saxifraga algisii, Potentilla adenotricha, Astragalus trigonocarpus, Oxytropis heterotricha, Mertensia serrulata)
• Northeastern Siberian Province (parts of Russia), with one endemic genus (Gorodkovia) and many endemic species (e.g. Corydalis gorodkovii, Androsace gorodkovii, Saxifraga anadyrensis, Potentilla anadyrensis, Potentilla tollii, Helictotrichon krylovii, Poa lanatiflora).
• Okhotsk-Kamchatkan Province (parts of Russia), with one endemic genus (Redowskia) and many endemic species (e.g. Abies gracilis, Picea kamtschatkensis, Delphinium ochotense, Aconitum ajanense, Aconitum ochotense, Corydalis redowskii, Stellaria peduncularis, Arenaria redowskii, Lychnis ajanensis, Sorbus kamtschatcensis, Oxytropis ajanensis, Oxytropis tilingii, Sambucus kamtschatica).
• Canadian Province (
  St. Pierre and Miquelon, parts of Canada and the United States)^[2]

• Flora of Azerbaijan
• Flora of Canada
• Flora of the Faroe Islands
• Flora of Lithuania
• Flora of North Macedonia
• Flora of Romania
• Flora of Svalbard
• List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland
• List of the vascular plants of the Karelian Isthmus

Notes

Bibliography

• C.Michael Hogan. 2011. Taiga. eds. M.McGinley & C.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC
• David Lewis Lentz. 2000. Imperfect balance: landscape transformations in the Precolumbian Americas, Science, 547 pages, page
• Robert F. Thorne. Phytogeography of North America North of Mexico. Flora of North America, Vol. 1, Ch. 6.