List of cities of the ancient Near East
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Cities of the ancient Near East
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The ancient Near East |
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The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East, an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East: its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended, depending on the interpretation of the term, either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.
The largest cities of the Niniveh had some 20,000–30,000, reaching 100,000 only in the Iron Age (around 700 BC).
In
Hatti". The KI 𒆠 determinative is used following place names (toponyms) in both Sumerian and Akkadian.[2][3]
Mesopotamia
Lower Mesopotamia
(ordered from north to south)
- Eshnunna (Tell Asmar)
- Me-Turan (Tell Haddad and Tell al-Sib)
- Tutub(Khafajah)
- Der (Tell Aqar)
- Sippar (Tell Abu Habbah)
- Sippar-Amnanum (Tell ed-Der)
- Urum (Tell Uqair)
- Kutha (Tell Ibrahim)
- Jemdet Nasr (NI.RU)
- Kish (Tell Uheimir & Ingharra)
- Babilim (Babylon)
- Borsippa (Birs Nimrud)
- Malgium (Tulūl al-Fāj / Tell Yassir)
- Mashkan-shapir (Tell Abu Duwari)
- Dilbat (Tell ed-Duleim)
- Nippur (Afak)
- Marad (Tell Wannat es-Sadum)
- Adab (Tell Bismaya)
- Isin (Ishan al-Bahriyat)
- Kisurra (Tell Abu Hatab)
- Shuruppak (Tell Fara)
- Karkar (Tell Ĝidr?)
- Bad-tibira (Tell al-Madineh?)
- Zabalam (Tell Ibzeikh)
- Umma (Umm al-Aqarib, Tell Jokha)
- Girsu (Tello or Telloh)
- Lagash (Tell al-Hiba)
- Tell Zurghul (Nigin)
- Uruk (Warka)
- Larsa (Tell as-Senkereh)
- Tell Khaiber
- Irisaĝrig (Tell al-Wilayah?)
- Tulul al-Baqarat (Kesh?)
- Ur (Tell al-Muqayyar)
- Tell al-Lahm (Dur-Iakin?, Kisik?, Kuara???)
- Eridu (Tell Abu Shahrain)
- Ubaid (Tell al-'Ubaid)
- Akshak
- Akkad
- Is
Upper Mesopotamia
(ordered from north to south)
- Urfa
- Shanidar cave
- Urkesh (Urkish) (Tell Mozan)
- Tell Leilan (Shekhna, Shubat-Enlil)
- Tell Halaf
- Tell Arbid
- Harran
- Chagar Bazar
- Mardaman (Bassetki)
- Kahat (Tell Barri)
- Tell Fekheriye (Washukanni?)
- Hadatu(Arslan Tash)
- Carchemish (Djerabis)
- Til Barsip (Tell Ahmar)
- Tell Chuera
- Al-Rawda
- Nabada (Tell Beydar)
- Nagar (Tell Brak)
- Hamazi
- Yarim Tepe
- Telul eth-Thalathat
- Tepe Gawra
- Tell Arpachiyah (Tepe Reshwa)
- Tell Maghzaliyah
- Shibaniba (Tell Billa)
- Tarbisu (Sherif Khan)
- Nineveh (Ninua)
- Qatara or Karana (Tell al-Rimah)
- Tell Hamoukar
- Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad)
- Tell Shemshara (Shusharra)
- Bestansur
- Tell Bazmusian
- Erbil (Urbilim, Arba-Ilu)
- Kurd Qaburstan (Qabra?)
- Qasr Shemamok (Kilizu/Kilizi/Kakzu)
- Qal'at Jarmo
- Tell Taya
- Tell Hassuna
- Balawat (Imgur-Enlil)
- Tell es-Sweyhat
- Tell Hadidi (Azu)
- Mumbaqat (Tall Munbāqa, Ekalte)
- Nimrud
- Emar (Tell Meskene)
- Tall Bazi (Baṣīru, Armanum?)
- Arrapha
- Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta
- Assur
- Ekallatum
- Nuzi (Yorghan Tepe, Gasur)
- Tell al-Fakhar (Kurruhanni?)
- Tell Taban (Ṭābetu, Ṭābatum)
- Terqa (Tell Ashara)
- Doura Europos
- Mari (Tell Hariri)
- Tuttul (Tell Bi'a)
- Haradum (Khirbet ed-Diniyeh)
- Tell es-Sawwan
- Nerebtum or Kiti (Tell Ishchali)
- Tell Agrab
- Dur-Kurigalzu (Aqar Quf)
- Shaduppum (Tell Harmal)
- Tell al-Dhiba'i
- Tell Muhammad
- Seleucia
- Ctesiphon (Taq Kisra)
- Zenobia (Halabiye)
- Hatra
- Idu
- Rabana-Merquly (Natounia?)
Iran
- Ecbatana (Hamadan?)
- Behistun
- Godin Tepe
- Rey(Rhages, Europos, Shahr-e-Ray, Arsacia)
- Chogha Mish
- Tepe Sialk
- Susa (Shush, Shushan)
- Kabnak (Haft Tepe)
- Dur Untash (Chogha Zanbil)
- Shahr-e Sukhteh
- Pasargadae (Pasargad, Pasargadai)
- Naqsh-e Rustam
- Estakhr(Istakhr)
- Persepolis (Parsa)
- Tall-i Bakun
- Anshan (Tall-i Malyan or Tepe Malyan)
- Konar Sandal
- Tepe Yahya
- Teppe Hasanlu
- Khorramabad
- Kermanshah
- Isfahan (Aspadana)
- Tabriz
- Shahdad
- Marlik
- Chogha Bonut
- Ganj Dareh
- Ali Kosh
- Geoy Tepe
- Baba Jan Tepe
- Shah Tepe
- Hajji Firuz Tepe
- Kul Tepe
- Shir Ashian Tepe
- Tepe Hissar
- Tepe Sofalin
- Tureng Tepe
- Yarim Tepe
- Vahrkana (Gorgan)
- Narezzash (Neyriz)
- Zranka (Dahan-e Gholaman)
- Jiroft
- Nahavand
- Mahallat
- Hashtgerd
- Bastam
- Ganzak
Anatolia (Turkey)
(ordered from north to south)
- İnandıktepe
- Miletus
- Sfard (Sardis)
- Nicaea
- Sapinuwa
- Yazilikaya
- Alaca Höyük
- Maşat Höyük
- Alishar Hüyük
- Hattusa
- Ilios (Wilusa, Ilion, Troas, Troy)
- Kanesh (Nesa, Kültepe)
- Arslantepe (Malatya)
- Çayönü (Amed, Diyarbakir)
- Sam'al(Zincirli Höyük)
- Çatalhöyük
- Beycesultan
- Karatepe
- Tushhan (Ziyaret Tepe)
- Adana
- Tarsus
- Zephyrion (Mersin)
- Gözlükule
- Titris Hoyuk
- Tilmen Hoyuk
- Sultantepe
- Attalia (Antalya)
The Levant
- Abel-beth-maachah
- Acre
- Adoraim (Adora, Dura)
- Afqa (Afeka)
- Alalakh (Alakhtum, Tell Atchana)
- Aleppo (Halab, Ha-Lam, Yamhad)
- Al-Rastan (Arethusa)
- Antioch (Antakiya)
- Apamea (Afamiya)
- Aphek (Antipatris, Tell Afik)
- Arad (Arad Rabbah?; Tel Arad)
- Arpad (Tell Rifaat)
- Arqa (Arkat, Irqata)
- Arwad (Aradus, Arvad, Arphad, Ruad Island)
- Ashdod
- Ashkelon
- Azekah
- Baalbek (Heliopolis)
- Batroun (Botrys)
- Banias
- Beersheba
- Beirut (Berytus)
- Beth Shean
- Bet Shemesh
- Bethel
- Bethsaida
- Bethlehem
- Bosra
- Byblos (Gubla, Kepen)
- Dan, former Laish(Tel Dan, Tell el-Qadi)
- Damascus (Dimasqu)
- Deir Alla (Pethor?)
- Dhiban(Dibon)
- Dor (D-jr, Dora)
- Dura-Europos (Dur)
- Ebla (Tell Mardikh)
- Edessa (Ar-Ruha, Urfa)
- Ein Gedi (Hazazon-tamar, Tel Goren)
- En Esur
- Enfeh(Ampi)
- Ekron (Tel Miqne, Khirbet el-Muqanna)
- Et-Tell (Ai?)
- Gath (Tell es-Safi?)
- Gaza
- Gezer
- Gibeah (Tell el-Ful?)
- Hama (Hamath, Epiphania)
- Harran (Carrhae, Hellenopolis)
- Hazor
- Hebron
- Hermel
- Homs (Emesa)
- Jawa
- Jericho (Ariha)
- City of David)
- Jezreel
- Kadesh (Syria) (Tell Nebi Mend)
- Karnaim (Ashteroth Karnaim)
- Kedesh (Qadesh in Galilee)
- Khirbet Kerak (Al-Sinnabra)
- Khirbet el-Qom (Makkedah/Maqqedah)
- Sha'arayim? / Neta'im?)
- Kinneret (Tel Kinrot, Tell el-Oreimeh)
- Kumidi(Kamid el-Loz)
- Lachish(Tel Lachish, Tell ed-Duweir)
- Manbij (Manbug, Mabog, Bambyce, Hierapolis)
- Megiddo (Tel Megiddo, Tell el-Mutesellim)
- Petra (Raqmu)
- Qatna (Tell Mishrifeh)
- Rabbath Ammon (Philadelphia)
- Tel Rehov (Rehov?)
- Sebastie)
- Sam'al
- Sarepta (Sarafand)
- Tell el-'Ajjul?, Tel Haror?)
- Shiloh
- Saida (Sidon)
- Sumur (Sumuru, Simirra)
- Tadmor (Palmyra)
- Tall Zira'a
- Tel Yarmuth
- Tell Abu al-Kharaz (Jabesh-Gilead?)
- Tell Afis (Hazrek)
- Tell Ashtara (Ashteroth Karnaim)
- Tell Balata (Shechem)
- Tell Beit Mirsim
- Tel Burna
- Tell el-Burak
- Tell el-Hesi (Eglon?)
- Tell en-Nasbeh (Mizpah in Benjamin?)
- Tel Kabri (one of several cities called Rehob)
- Tell Kazel
- Tell Qaramel
- Tell Qarqur (Qarqar?)
- Tell Tayinat (Kinalua?)
- Tell Tweini (Gibala?)
- Tel Yokneam (Yokneam, "'En-qn'mu")
- Tirzah (Tell el-Farah North)
- Tripoli (Tripolis)
- Tulul adh-Dhahab (Mahanaim? Penuel?)
- Tyre (Tylos)
- Ugarit (Ras Shamra)
- Umm el-Marra
- Zoara (Zoar, Bela)
Arabian Peninsula
- Al Ain
- Al-Ashoosh
- Awwam
- Barran
- Bakkah (Mecca)
- Barbar Temple
- Bidaa Bint Saud
- Al Bithnah
- Dalma
- Al Da'asa
- Dedan(Al-'Ula)
- Dibba
- Dumat Al-Jandal(Adummatu)
- Ed-Dur
- Failaka
- Gerrha
- Ḥaram
- Hili Archaeological Park
- Ibri
- Izki
- Jeddah
- Jubbah
- Julfar
- Kalba
- Al-Kharj
- Khaybar
- Khor Rori (Sumhuram)
- Kaminahu (Kamna)
- Lihyan
- Mada'in Saleh(Al-Hijr, el Hijr, and Hegra)
- Al Madam
- Al-Magar
- Ma'rib
- Maṣna'at Māriya
- Mleiha
- Muweilah
- Najran
- Nashan
- Nashaq
- Nizwa
- Petra
- Qatif
- Qarnawu
- Qaryat al-Faw (Dhat al-Jnan)
- Qal'at al-Bahrain
- Sakakah
- Sanaa
- Ṣirwāḥ
- Shabwa
- Shimal
- Sohar
- As-Subiya
- Tarim, Yemen
- Tayma (Tema)
- Tell Abraq
- Thula
- Tarout
- Umm Al Nar
- Yathrib (Medina)
Nubia
Horn of Africa
Egypt
See also
- City-state
- Sumerian King List
- Historical urban community sizes
- Short chronology timeline
- List of oldest continuously inhabited cities
- Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia
- List of Ancient Settlements in the UAE
- List of largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East
References
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ancient cities of the Middle East.
- Geospatial: Mapping Iraq's Ancient Cities
- Ancient cities grew pretty much like modern ones, say scientists (February 2015), Christian Science Monitor