Ciudad Real (Congress of Deputies constituency)

Coordinates: 39°00′N 4°00′W / 39.000°N 4.000°W / 39.000; -4.000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha constituency, see Ciudad Real (Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha constituency). For the Senate constituency, see Ciudad Real (Senate constituency).
Ciudad Real
Congress of Deputies
Electoral constituency
Location of Ciudad Real within Spain
ProvinceCiudad Real
Autonomous communityCastilla–La Mancha
Population490,806 (2022)[1]
Electorate391,495 (2023)
Major settlementsCiudad Real, Puertollano, Tomelloso, Alcázar de San Juan
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats5
Member(s)
  •   PP (2)
  •   PSOE (2)
  •   Vox (1)

Ciudad Real is one of the 52 constituencies (

deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Ciudad Real. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation
, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the

absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[3]

Voting is on the basis of

district magnitude.[7]

The electoral law allows for

federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[5][6]

Deputies

Deputies
1977–present
Key to parties
  PSOE
  Cs
  UCD
  PP
  CP
  AP
  Vox
Legislature Election Distribution
Constituent 1977
2 3
1st 1979
2 3
2nd 1982
3 2
3rd 1986
3 2
4th 1989
3 2
5th 1993
3 2
6th 1996
2 3
7th 2000
2 3
8th 2004
3 2
9th 2008
2 3
10th 2011
2 3
11th 2015
2 3
12th 2016
2 3
13th 2019 (Apr)
2 1 1 1
14th 2019 (Nov)
2 2 1
15th 2023
2 2 1

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 114,709 40.54 +12.68 2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 100,102 35.37 +1.10 2 ±0
Vox (Vox) 46,046 16.27 –4.60 1 ±0
Unite (Sumar)1 17,405 6.15 –2.13 0 ±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 1,319 0.47 –0.20 0 ±0
Workers' Front (FO) 447 0.16 New 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 365 0.13 –0.05 0 ±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 233 0.08 –0.09 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,353 0.83 –0.05
Total 282,979 5 ±0
Valid votes 282,979 98.64 +0.06
Invalid votes 3,916 1.36 –0.06
Votes cast / turnout 286,895 73.28 +4.44
Abstentions 104,600 26.72 –4.44
Registered voters 391,495
Sources[8]
Footnotes:
  • 1
    Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
    totals in the November 2019 election.

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 92,046 34.27 ±0.00 2 ±0
People's Party (PP) 74,835 27.86 +4.19 2 +1
Vox (Vox) 56,050 20.87 +7.15 1 ±0
United We Can (Podemos–IU) 22,250 8.28 –0.89 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 18,337 6.83 –10.43 0 –1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA) 		1,788 0.67 –0.13 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 484 0.18 New 0 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 447 0.17 –0.01 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,357 0.88 +0.04
Total 268,594 5 ±0
Valid votes 268,594 98.58 ±0.00
Invalid votes 3,876 1.42 ±0.00
Votes cast / turnout 272,470 68.84 –6.35
Abstentions 123,315 31.16 +6.35
Registered voters 395,785
Sources[9]

April 2019 general election

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 100,720 34.27 +5.02 2 ±0
People's Party (PP) 69,559 23.67 –19.86 1 –2
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 50,733 17.26 +5.40 1 +1
Vox (Vox) 40,313 13.72 New 1 +1
Equo
) 		26,952 9.17 –4.26 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA) 		2,360 0.80 –0.04 0 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 529 0.18 +0.02 0 ±0
European Retirees Social Democratic Party–Centre Unity (PDSJE–UdeC) 277 0.09 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,464 0.84 +0.15
Total 293,907 5 ±0
Valid votes 293,907 98.58 –0.27
Invalid votes 4,241 1.42 +0.27
Votes cast / turnout 298,148 75.19 +4.63
Abstentions 98,362 24.81 –4.63
Registered voters 396,510
Sources[9]

2016 general election

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 121,622 43.53 +5.15 3 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 81,728 29.25 –1.86 2 ±0
Equo
)1 		37,510 13.43 –2.38 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 33,126 11.86 –0.48 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA) 		2,334 0.84 +0.18 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 679 0.24 –0.31 0 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 458 0.16 +0.03 0 ±0
Blank ballots 1,939 0.69 –0.08
Total 279,396 5 ±0
Valid votes 279,396 98.85 ±0.00
Invalid votes 3,238 1.15 ±0.00
Votes cast / turnout 282,634 70.56 –3.84
Abstentions 117,918 29.44 +3.84
Registered voters 400,552
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

2015 general election

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 113,451 38.38 –16.85 3 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 91,959 31.11 –0.86 2 ±0
We Can (Podemos) 36,879 12.48 New 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 36,477 12.34 New 0 ±0
United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 9,834 3.33 –2.07 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA) 		1,949 0.66 +0.38 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,625 0.55 –3.84 0 ±0
Vox (Vox) 560 0.19 New 0 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 386 0.13 New 0 ±0
National Democracy (DN) 174 0.06 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,282 0.77 –0.58
Total 295,576 5 ±0
Valid votes 295,576 98.85 +0.26
Invalid votes 3,427 1.15 –0.26
Votes cast / turnout 299,003 74.40 –0.36
Abstentions 102,882 25.60 +0.36
Registered voters 401,885
Sources[9]

2011 general election

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 164,776 55.23 +7.45 3 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 95,375 31.97 –14.80 2 ±0
United Left of Castilla–La Mancha–The Greens: Plural Left (IUCLM–LV) 16,116 5.40 +2.78 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 13,106 4.39 +3.57 0 ±0
Equo
(Equo) 		1,517 0.51 New 0 ±0
Blank Seats (EB) 1,225 0.41 New 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA) 		836 0.28 +0.17 0 ±0
Citizens of Democratic Centre
(CCD) 		469 0.16 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 423 0.14 +0.09 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 381 0.13 +0.05 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 101 0.03 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 4,016 1.35 +0.31
Total 298,341 5 ±0
Valid votes 298,341 98.59 –0.67
Invalid votes 4,264 1.41 +0.67
Votes cast / turnout 302,605 74.76 –3.78
Abstentions 102,159 25.24 +3.78
Registered voters 404,764
Sources[9]

2008 general election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 148,363 47.78 +1.21 3 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 145,225 46.77 –1.35 2 –1
United Left–Alternative (IU) 8,137 2.62 –0.18 0 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,546 0.82 New 0 ±0
The Greens of Europe (LVdE) 784 0.25 New 0 ±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals
(PACMA) 		353 0.11 New 0 ±0
Social Democratic Party (PSD) 295 0.10 New 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 249 0.08 New 0 ±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 238 0.08 –0.08 0 ±0
Castilian Unity (UdCa) 198 0.06 –0.14 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 183 0.06 +0.01 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 145 0.05 –0.01 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 118 0.04 New 0 ±0
Commoners' Land (TC) 113 0.04 –0.04 0 ±0
National Democracy (DN) 83 0.03 –0.01 0 ±0
Spanish Alternative (AES) 80 0.03 New 0 ±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 56 0.02 New 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 54 0.02 –0.07 0 ±0
Spain 2000 (E–2000) 43 0.01 New 0 ±0
Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC) 19 0.01 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 3,243 1.04 –0.50
Total 310,525 5 ±0
Valid votes 310,525 99.26 +0.18
Invalid votes 2,328 0.74 –0.18
Votes cast / turnout 312,853 78.54 –0.03
Abstentions 85,490 21.46 +0.12
Registered voters 398,343
Sources[9]

2004 general election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 147,271 48.12 +5.56 3 +1
People's Party (PP) 142,508 46.57 –5.12 2 –1
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM) 8,581 2.80 –0.92 0 ±0
Castilian Unity (UdCa) 601 0.20 New 0 ±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 485 0.16 New 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 351 0.11 –0.02 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 288 0.09 –0.03 0 ±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 247 0.08 –0.08 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 192 0.06 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 141 0.05 New 0 ±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 140 0.05 +0.01 0 ±0
The Phalanx (FE) 132 0.04 –0.04 0 ±0
National Democracy (DN) 128 0.04 New 0 ±0
Republican Left (IR) 108 0.04 New 0 ±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR) 85 0.03 New 0 ±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA) 62 0.02 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 4,721 1.54 +0.29
Total 306,041 5 ±0
Valid votes 306,041 99.08 –0.13
Invalid votes 2,856 0.92 +0.13
Votes cast / turnout 308,897 78.57 +3.81
Abstentions 84,263 21.43 –3.81
Registered voters 393,160
Sources[9]

2000 general election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 150,842 51.69 +6.66 3 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives (PSOE–p) 124,180 42.56 –2.66 2 –1
United Left (IU) 10,843 3.72 –4.46 0 ±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 552 0.19 New 0 ±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 459 0.16 +0.11 0 ±0
Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS) 384 0.13 –0.14 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 339 0.12 +0.03 0 ±0
The Phalanx (FE) 241 0.08 New 0 ±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000) 184 0.06 New 0 ±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 120 0.04 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 3,655 1.25 +0.41
Total 291,799 5 ±0
Valid votes 291,799 99.21 –0.15
Invalid votes 2,323 0.79 +0.15
Votes cast / turnout 294,122 74.76 –7.51
Abstentions 99,297 25.24 +7.51
Registered voters 393,419
Sources[9]

1996 general election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 142,101 45.22 –3.79 3 ±0
People's Party (PP) 141,494 45.03 +5.28 2 ±0
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM) 25,689 8.18 +0.89 0 ±0
Centrist Union (UC) 862 0.27 –1.86 0 ±0
Regionalist Party of Castilla–La Mancha (PRCM) 788 0.25 New 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 290 0.09 +0.05 0 ±0
Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT) 208 0.07 New 0 ±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 149 0.05 –0.01 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,632 0.84 +0.15
Total 314,213 5 ±0
Valid votes 314,213 99.36 +0.03
Invalid votes 2,015 0.64 –0.03
Votes cast / turnout 316,228 82.27 +1.44
Abstentions 68,129 17.73 –1.44
Registered voters 384,357
Sources[9]

1993 general election

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 146,867 49.01 –3.35 3 ±0
People's Party (PP) 119,123 39.75 +9.78 2 ±0
United Left (IU) 21,856 7.29 +0.98 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 6,383 2.13 –5.80 0 ±0
The Greens (Verdes) 1,481 0.49 –0.26 0 ±0
The Ecologists (LE) 717 0.24 –0.25 0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) 550 0.18 –0.62 0 ±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 187 0.06 New 0 ±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 162 0.05 New 0 ±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)1 154 0.05 –0.02 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 121 0.04 –0.02 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,055 0.69 +0.15
Total 299,656 5 ±0
Valid votes 299,656 99.33 +0.24
Invalid votes 2,033 0.67 –0.24
Votes cast / turnout 301,689 80.83 +5.73
Abstentions 71,549 19.17 –5.73
Registered voters 373,238
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1989 general election

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 143,416 52.36 +0.78 3 ±0
People's Party (PP)1 82,074 29.97 –2.05 2 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 21,717 7.93 –1.42 0 ±0
United Left (IU) 17,285 6.31 +2.66 0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) 2,193 0.80 New 0 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV) 2,063 0.75 New 0 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE) 1,351 0.49 New 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 948 0.35 +0.05 0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2 501 0.18 –0.42 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 388 0.14 New 0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3 195 0.07 –0.06 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 168 0.06 New 0 ±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) 105 0.04 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 1,480 0.54 –0.05
Total 273,884 5 ±0
Valid votes 273,884 99.09 +0.57
Invalid votes 2,505 0.91 –0.57
Votes cast / turnout 276,389 75.10 +1.69
Abstentions 91,655 24.90 –1.69
Registered voters 368,044
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1986 general election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 138,568 51.58 –2.38 3 ±0
People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1 86,031 32.02 +3.81 2 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 25,128 9.35 +7.37 0 ±0
United Left (IU)2 9,793 3.65 +0.93 0 ±0
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD) 2,161 0.80 New 0 ±0
Communists' Unity Board (MUC) 1,625 0.60 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 1,568 0.58 +0.29 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 814 0.30 –0.12 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 604 0.22 +0.17 0 ±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR) 422 0.16 New 0 ±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 344 0.13 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 1,582 0.59 +0.21
Total 268,640 5 ±0
Valid votes 268,640 98.52 +0.33
Invalid votes 4,034 1.48 –0.33
Votes cast / turnout 272,674 73.41 –10.02
Abstentions 98,769 26.59 +10.02
Registered voters 371,443
Sources[9]
Footnotes:
totals in the 1982 election.

1982 general election

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 151,168 53.96 +14.59 3 +1
People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (AP–PDP
)1 		79,037 28.21 +23.43 2 +2
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 29,443 10.51 –30.87 0 –3
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 7,627 2.72 –5.14 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 5,543 1.98 New 0 ±0
New Force (FN)2 3,222 1.15 –2.95 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 1,182 0.42 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 809 0.29 New 0 ±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) 402 0.14 New 0 ±0
Spanish Solidarity (SE) 236 0.08 New 0 ±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) 154 0.05 New 0 ±0
Communist League–Internationalist Socialist Workers' Coalition (LC (COSI)) 149 0.05 New 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 140 0.05 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 1,062 0.38 +0.19
Total 280,174 5 ±0
Valid votes 280,174 98.19 –0.85
Invalid votes 5,152 1.81 +0.85
Votes cast / turnout 285,326 83.43 +15.18
Abstentions 56,683 16.57 –15.18
Registered voters 342,009
Sources[9]
Footnotes:
totals in the 1979 election.

1979 general election

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 100,896 41.38 +0.13 3 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 95,996 39.37 +1.78 2 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 19,171 7.86 +1.59 0 ±0
Democratic Coalition (CD)2 11,659 4.78 –7.84 0 ±0
National Union (UN)3 10,004 4.10 +2.86 0 ±0
Party of Labour of Spain (PTE)4 2,238 0.92 +0.44 0 ±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT) 1,296 0.53 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 910 0.37 New 0 ±0
Communist Organization of Spain (Red Flag) (OCE–BR) 840 0.34 New 0 ±0
Carlist Party (PC) 388 0.16 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 453 0.19 –0.02
Total 243,851 5 ±0
Valid votes 243,851 99.04 +0.22
Invalid votes 2,352 0.96 –0.22
Votes cast / turnout 246,003 68.25 –12.61
Abstentions 114,544 31.75 +12.61
Registered voters 360,747
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 102,362 41.25
n/a
 		3 n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 79,715 32.12 n/a 2 n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 31,310 12.62 n/a 0 n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 15,562 6.27 n/a 0 n/a
People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 13,582 5.47 n/a 0 n/a
National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 3,085 1.24 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI) 1,203 0.48 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI) 811 0.33 n/a 0 n/a
Blank ballots 512 0.21 n/a
Total 248,142 5 n/a
Valid votes 248,142 98.82 n/a
Invalid votes 2,973 1.18 n/a
Votes cast / turnout 251,115 80.86 n/a
Abstentions 59,432 19.14 n/a
Registered voters 310,547
Sources[9]

References

  1. ISSN 0212-033X
    .
  2. Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política". Law No. 1 of 4 January 1977
    (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  3. ^
    Constitución Española". Act of 29 December 1978
    (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  4. ^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  5. ^ a b "Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales". Royal Decree-Law No. 20 of 18 March 1977 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  7. ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 2017-07-30. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  8. ISSN 0212-033X
    .
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.

39°00′N 4°00′W / 39.000°N 4.000°W / 39.000; -4.000

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