Civic nationalism

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Constitutional patriotism or national liberalism.

Part of a series on
Nationalism
Nation forming
Core values
Types
Organizations
List of nationalist organizations
Related concepts
Part of a series on
Liberalism
Schools
Principles
History
Philosophers
Politicians
Organizations
Regional variants
Related topics

Civic nationalism, otherwise known as democratic nationalism, is a form of

state nationalism
" is a branch of civic nationalism, but it can also be illiberal.

Civic nationhood is a political identity built around shared

civic nation" defines itself not by culture but by political institutions and liberal principles, which its citizens pledge to uphold. Membership in the civic nation is open to every person by citizenship, regardless of culture or ethnicity; those who share these values are considered members of the nation.[7]

In theory, a civic nation or state does not aim to promote one culture over another.[7] German philosopher Jürgen Habermas has argued that immigrants to a liberal-democratic state need not assimilate into the host culture but only accept the principles of the country's constitution (constitutional patriotism).[7]

Civic nationalism is frequently contrasted with

20th-century fascists.[10] Some argue civic nationalism inevitably involves an underlying ethnic concept of national belonging because abstract values cannot be related to a specific place.[11]

History

Civic nationalism lies within the traditions of

Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?" of the nation as a "daily referendum" characterized by the "will to live together".[14] Some authors criticize that definition used by Renan, based on a "daily referendum", because of the ambiguity of the concept and its idealization. They argue that the arguments used by Renan at the conference "What is a Nation?" are not consistent with his thinking.[15] Civic-national ideals influenced the development of representative democracy in countries such as the United States and France (see the United States Declaration of Independence of 1776, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789).[16]

The

FLNC is giving a civic definition of the Corsican nation ("destiny community") in the continuity of Pasquale Paoli and the ideas of the Lumières
.

The Scottish National Party[17][18][19] and Plaid Cymru,[19] which advocate independence of their respective nations from the United Kingdom, proclaim themselves to be civic nationalist parties, in which they advocate the independence and popular sovereignty of the people living in their nation's society, not individual ethnic groups.

The

Catalan independentism and defends a Catalan Republic based on republicanism and civic values within a diverse society.[20]

The Union of Cypriots define its ideology as Cypriot nationalism,[21] a civic nationalism that focuses on the shared identity of Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. It highlights both communities' common culture, heritage and traditions as well as economic, political, and social rights. It also supports the reunification of Cyprus and the end of foreign interference by Greece, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.[22]

Outside Europe, it has also been used to describe the Republican Party in the United States during the Civil War Era.[23]

Civic nationalism shares elements of the

Willensnation [de], which is German for "nation by will", coined by Carl Hilty, understood as shared experience and dedication by citizens.[citation needed
]

Criticism

Yael Tamir has argued that the differences between ethnic and civic nationalism are blurred. She posits: "By waving the civic flag, Western democracies pretend to be more peaceful and inclusive than they really are, fostering a self-image that allows them to exonerate themselves, leaving them unprepared to deal with internal conflicts".[24]

The distinction between ethnic and civic nationalism has also been criticized by scholars like

Umut Özkırımlı.[26] Yack rejects Renan's notion of "voluntary" civic nationality as an illusion, arguing this "misrepresents political reality as surely as the ethnonationalist myths it is designed to combat", going on to state how cultural memories form an inseparable part of every national political identity.[25]

Quoting Rogers Brubaker, Özkırımlı argues:

Since all nations lay claim to a unique place in history and to certain boundaries, all national identities are exclusionary. In that sense, all nations are ethnic nations [...] Brubaker elaborates on this, claiming that there are two different ways of mapping culture onto the ethnic-civic distinction. Ethnic nationalism may be interpreted narrowly, as involving an emphasis on descent. In this case, Brubaker argues, there is very little ethnic nationalism around, since on this view an emphasis on common culture has to be coded as a species of civic nationalism. If, however, ethnic nationalism is interpreted broadly, as ethnocultural, while civic nationalism is interpreted narrowly, as involving a cultural conception of citizenship, the problem is the opposite: 'civic nationalism gets defined out of existence, and virtually all nationalisms would be coded as ethnic or cultural'. Even the paradigmatic cases of civic nationalism, France and America, would cease to count as civic nationalism, since they have a crucial cultural component.

— Umut Özkırımlı, Contemporary Debates on Nationalism: A Critical Introduction, pp.24-5

Following Brubaker, John Etherington demonstrates how civic nationalism inevitably involves an underlying ethnic concept of national belonging. Because supposed civic values are abstract, universal and thus open to all, "they cannot be related to a specific place – the national homeland. Thus, any civic conception of the nation is dependent on a prior ethnic conception because of the need to establish who belongs to the nation and its homeland and who does not".[27]

See also

Citations

  1. ISBN 1134378602
    . Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  2. ISBN 0-19-828047-5
    .
  3. ISBN 0-19-827949-3. For criticism, see: Patten, Alan. 1999. "The Autonomy Argument for Liberal Nationalism." Nations and Nationalism
    . 5(1): 1-17.
  4. ISBN 0-19-828047-5. For criticism, see: Abizadeh, Arash. 2002. "Does Liberal Democracy Presuppose a Cultural Nation? Four Arguments." American Political Science Review 96 (3): 495-509; Abizadeh, Arash. 2004. "Liberal Nationalist versus Postnational Social Integration." Nations and Nationalism
    10(3): 231-250.
  5. ^ Glenn Drover; Graham Johnson; Julia Lai Po-Wah Tao (2001). Regionalism and Subregionalism in East Asia: The Dynamics of China. Nova Science. p. 101.
  6. ^ Mark Hewitson; Timothy Baycroft (2001). What Is a Nation?; Europe 1789-1914. OUP Oxford. p. 180.
  7. ^ a b c ANNA STILZ. "Civic Nationalism and Language Policy". Philosophy & Public Affairs. 37 (3): 257.
  8. ISSN 1469-8129
    .
  9. ISBN 9781610448536
    .
  10. ISBN 9780333947739
    .
  11. doi:10.1111/j.1754-9469.2007.tb00160.x
    . Retrieved 20 February 2024. p.31
  12. What is a Nation?
    ", 1882; cf. Chaim Gans, The Limits of Nationalism, Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 11.
  13. ISSN 1094-2939
    .
  14. ^ Renan, Ernest (11 March 1882). "What Is A Nation" (PDF). UCParis. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  15. ISBN 978-84-9027-297-8
  16. ISBN 9780230374348
    .
  17. ISBN 978-0-582-47274-7
    .
  18. ISBN 978-0-203-92659-8
    .
  19. ^
    ISBN 0674015398
    .
  20. ^ "Els valors republicans com a pilar de la nostra societat" (in Catalan).
  21. ^ Aldrich, Alan (17 August 2018). "Cypriotism in the Twenty-First Century". Bella Caledonia. Scotland. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  22. ISBN 978-0-19-928428-3
    .
  23. ISBN 9780807132739
    .
  24. ISSN 1094-2939
    .
  25. ^
    doi:10.1080/08913819608443417
    .
  26. ^ Özkırımlı, Umut. (2005). Contemporary Debates on Nationalism: A Critical Introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  27. doi:10.1111/j.1754-9469.2007.tb00160.x
    . Retrieved 20 February 2024. p.31

Sources

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civic_nationalism&oldid=1219689593"