Cividale del Friuli
Cividale del Friuli
Zividât (Friulian) | ||
---|---|---|
ISTAT code 030026 | | |
Patron saint | San Donato | |
Saint day | August 21 | |
Website | Official website |
Cividale del Friuli (Friulian: Cividât, locally Zividât; German: Östrich; Slovene: Čedad) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine, part of the North-Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. The town lies 135 metres (443 ft) above sea-level in the foothills of the eastern Alps, 15 kilometres (9 mi) by rail from the city of Udine and close to the Slovenian border. It is situated on the river Natisone, which forms a picturesque ravine here.[3] Formerly an important regional power, it is today a quiet, small town that attracts tourists thanks to its medieval center.
History
Archaeological findings reveal that the area was already inhabited in
After the destruction of Aquileia and Iulium Carnicum (Zuglio) in 452 AD, Forum Iulii became the chief town of the district of Friuli and gave its name to it.[3]
In 568 the city was the first major centre occupied by
Under the Carolingian settlement with the Papacy, the
According to James Burke, a 1331 siege of Cividale was one of the first deployments of what we would now call cannons, in the early form known as a bombard.[8]
Between July and September 1409, a church council was held at Cividale by Pope Gregory XII (Roman Obedience). It was poorly attended and achieved nothing.[9]
In 1420 Cividale was annexed to the Republic of Venice.
After the
Main sights
The historical center of the town is dominated by Piazza del Duomo, which is where the National Archaeological Museum of Cividale del Friuli is located. Close by is the Palazzo dei Provveditori Veneti, constructed in 1565 and designed by Andrea Palladio. The town is split in two by the Natisone River, which is spanned by the Devil's Bridge (15th century, rebuilt in 1918). The Celtic Hypogeum is a subterranean series of halls carved in the rock in ancient times, whose destination remains unclear: uses as either Celtic funerary monument or a Roman (Lombard) jail has been proposed.
The Cathedral (Duomo) was built in the 15th century over a pre-existing construction built in the 8th century. It is a
The Christian Museum annexed to the Duomo houses outstanding examples of Lombard sculpture. It contains some interesting relics of the art of the 8th century. The cathedral contains an octagonal marble
The small church of Oratorio di Santa Maria in Valle (also known as Lombard Temple), next to the Natisone river, is a notable example of High Middle Ages art sometimes attributed to the 8th century, but probably later. Included in the old Lombard quarter, it was probably used as Palatine Chapel by the Lombard dukes and king's functionaries. The fine decorations, statues and stuccoes (11th or 12th century) housed in the interior, show a strong Byzantine influence.
In the collegiata, the
On 25 June 2011 a part of the historical centre of Cividale (the one belonging to the Lombards era) entered the UNESCO heritage list.
Tradition and Folklore
On 6 January residents celebrate the Messa dello Spadone (Mass of the Broadsword), a religious rite observed with an historical reenactment of Patriarch Marquard of Randeck’s arrival in Cividale in 1366.[citation needed]
Game of Truc
The game of Truc is an old game played by children and adults on Easter and the Monday following Easter (called Pasquetta, or Little Easter). A manuscript preserved in the National Archaeology Museum of Cividale del Friuli traces the game back to the 18th century. While Truc is exclusive to the central squares of Cividale, a similar game is played in Venice and in Emilia Romagna (Italy). An Easter game played in Lusatia (Germany) called Waleien also has similar rules to Truc.[12]
The game takes place in a large, round basin made of sand with a ramp leading into it. Players roll colored hard-boiled eggs and, according to precise rules, aim to touch the other eggs rolled into the basin for a number of points. The game’s name is an onomatopoeia imitating the sound the eggs make when they touch.[13]
Other attractions
The town has a number of small osterias which serve distinctive local wines. Of particular note are Tocai friulano, Verduzzo and Refosco dal peduncolo rosso.
Transport
The town is easily accessible by rail and bus from Udine and by bus from Gorizia.
Famous residents
At Cividale del Friuli were born
- Andrea di Bertholotti (fl. 15th century), painter
- Paulus Diaconus(c. 722–799), historian of the Lombards in the time of Charlemagne
- Berengar I(c. 845–924), King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor
- Antonio Dugoni (1827–1874), painter
- Adelaide Ristori (1822–1906), actress
- Antonio da Cividale (fl. 1392–1421), composer
- Fiore dei Liberi (c. 1350–1420), master of arms
- Roberto Chiacig (born 1974), professional basketball player
- Vittorio Podrecca (1883–1959), impresario and puppet theatre director
- Eugenio Cefis (1921–2004), chairman of ENI (petrochemical) and Montedison (chemical)
- Lorenzo Crisetig (born 1993), football player
See also
References
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ a b c d Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Joseph Bingham, Origines Ecclesiasticæ vol. 1 (H.G. Bohn, 1845 ) p422.
- ^ Antoine Godeau, Algemeine Kirchengeschichte (Rieger, 1771 ) p 45.
- ^ Robert Knaplock, The Works, Volume 1 (Robert Knaplock, 1726) p387.
- ISBN 978-8870371130.
- ISBN 0-316-11681-5.
- ^ Carl Joseph Hefele (1916). Histoire des Conciles (ed. H. Leclercq). Tome VII, première partie. Paris: Letouzey 1916, pp. 61-64. (in French)
- ^ Brekle, Herbert E.: Die typographische Herstellungstechnik der Inschriften auf dem silbernen Altaraufsatz im Dom von Cividale, Regensburg 2011
- ^ a b Lipinsky 1986, pp. 78–80; Koch 1994, p. 213
- ^ "Waleien - walkowanje | Tourismus im Amt Peitz". tourismus.peitz.de (in German). Retrieved 2022-03-24.
- ^ A Cividale ci si diverte con il gioco del Truc (in Italian), retrieved 2022-03-24
Sources
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cividale del Friuli". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 402. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- Koch, Walter (1994), Literaturbericht zur mittelalterlichen und neuzeitlichen Epigraphik (1985−1991), ISBN 978-3-88612-114-4)
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Lipinsky, Angelo (1986), "La pala argentea del Patriarca Pellegrino nella Collegiata di Cividale e le sue iscrizioni con caratteri mobili", Ateneo Veneto, 24: 75–80