Cladosporium

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Cladosporium
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Dothideomycetes
Order: Capnodiales
Family: Davidiellaceae
Genus: Cladosporium
Link (1816)
Type species
Pers.
) Link (1816)
Synonyms[1]
  • Acrosporella Riedl & Ershad (1977)
  • Azosma Corda (1831)
  • Didymotrichum Bonord. (1851)
  • Heterosporium Klotzsch ex Cooke (1877)
  • Hormodendrum Bonord. (1851)
  • Mydonosporium Corda (1833)
  • Myxocladium Corda (1837)
  • Polyrhizium Giard (1889)
  • Spadicesporium V.N.Boriss. & Dvoïnos (1982)
  • Sporocladium Chevall. (1826)

Cladosporium is a

molds. Some species are endophytes[2] or plant pathogens, while others parasitize
fungi.

Description

Species produce olive-green to brown or black colonies, and have dark-pigmented

Sunflowers.[3]
The spores are wind-dispersed and they are often extremely abundant in outdoor air. Indoors Cladosporium species may grow on surfaces when moisture is present.

Cladosporium fulvum, cause of tomato leaf mould, has been an important genetic model, in that the genetics of host resistance are understood.[4] In the 1960s, it was estimated that the genus Cladosporium contained around 500 plant-pathogenic and saprotrophic species,[5] but this number has since been increased to over 772 species.[6] The genus is very closely related to black yeasts in the order Dothideales.[5] Cladosporium species are often highly osmotolerant, growing easily on media containing 10% glucose or 12–17% NaCl.[5] They are rarely grown on media containing 24% NaCl or 50% glucose and never isolated from medium with 32% NaCl or greater.[5] Most species have very fragile spore chains, making it extremely difficult to prepare a mount for microscopic observation in which the conidial chains are preserved intact.[7]

Health effects

Cladosporium species are present in the human mycobiome but are rarely pathogenic to humans. They have been reported to cause infections of the skin and toenails as well as sinuses and lungs, with more common symptoms including nasal congestion, sneezing, coughing, and itchy eyes.[8] The airborne spores of Cladosporium species are significant allergens, and in large amounts they can severely affect people with asthma and other respiratory diseases. Cladosporium species produce no major mycotoxins of concern, but do produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with odours. Fortunately, Cladosporium is not associated with anaphylaxis.[8]

Hyperparasitism on rusts

Several Cladosporium species are known to be

hyperparasitic to rust fungi.[9][10][11]

Species

References

  1. Species Fungorum
    . Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  2. S2CID 19518838
    .
  3. ^ Anilkumar, T.B.; Seshadri, V.S. (1975). "Cladosporium leaf spot of sunflower". Current Science. 44 (19): 722.
  4. PMID 16078890
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 1578083680
    .
  6. ^ Dugan, Frank M.; Schubert, Konstanze; Braun, Uwe (2004). "Check-list of Cladosporium names". Schlechtendalia. 11: 1–119. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-31. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
  7. ISBN 9780882750040
    .
  8. ^ a b "Allergen Fact Sheets". www.thermofisher.com. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
  9. PMID 28141830
    .
  10. PMID 15119354
    .
  11. PMID 25369036
    .

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cladosporium&oldid=1213674923"