Clappia umbilicata

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Umbilicate pebblesnail
Drawing of apertural view of the shell and operculum of Clappia umbilicata
Drawing of apertural view of the shell of Clappia umbilicata from its type description by Bryant Walker

Presumed Extinct  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Neotaenioglossa
Family: Lithoglyphidae
Genus: Clappia
Species:
†C. umbilicata
Binomial name
†Clappia umbilicata
(Walker, 1904)[3]
Synonyms[1][5]
  • Somatogyrus umbilicatus Walker, 1904
  • Lithoglyphus umbilicata Walker, 1904
  • Clappia clappi Walker, 1909[4]

Clappia umbilicata, the umbilicate pebblesnail, was a

extinct.[1][2]

Distribution

This species was

type locality is the Coosa River at Wetumpka, Alabama.[3]

The distribution of this species used to include: Coosa River at

Chilton County; and Butting Ram Shoals in Coosa County, Alabama.[4][7]

Description

This species was discovered and described under the name Somatogyrus umbilicatus by the American

malacologist Bryant Walker in 1904.[3]
Walker's type description reads as follows:

Drawing of selected radular teeth of Clappia umbilicata: central tooth, lateral tooth, inner marginal tooth and outer marginal tooth.

Somatogyrus umbilicatus n. sp. Pl. v, fig. 5.

Shell small, globosely depressed, umbilicate, light greenish-yellow, smooth, except for the fine, rather unequal, lines of growth. Spire short, obtusely elevated. Whorls 3½ those of the spire convex and separated by a well-impressed

suture; body whorl
large, gibbously convex. Aperture sub-circular, rather longer than broad, obtusely angled above and slightly flattened along the basal margin. Columella concave, narrowly reflected; columellar callus, moderately heavy, rounded, reflected over but not concealing the round, deep umbilicus, thin and transparent on the parietal wall. Alt. 3, diam. 3 mm.

Wetumpka, Ala. (type locality), also at Fort Williams Shoals
above Farmer, Ala.

This species is remarkable for its depressed, valvata-like form and round, deep umbilicus, which readily differentiates it from all other known species of the genus. It does not appear to be very abundant at Wetumpka, and only a single example was collected at Fort Williams Shoals.

The color of Clappia umbilicata was black.[4] This presumably means that the whole animal including snout, nape, mantle and foot were black.[6] The black color of the mantle was verified by Thompson (1984).[6]

Clappia umbilicata has 56-59 rows of teeth on its radula.[6] Each row has 6-7 central basocones, 6-7 central ectocones, 18-21 lateral teeth, ca. 50 inner marginal teeth and ca. 35 outer marginal teeth.[6]

Ecology

Jordan Dam
on the Coosa River altered the habitat of Clappia umbilicata so much that the snail died out completely.

The natural

Jordan Dam and Jordan Lake
).

Based on examination of the radula, Thompson (1984)[6] hypothesized that Clappia umbilicata grazed on fine particles of plants, specializing on finer-sized particles than those consumed by snails in the genus Somatogyrus.[6]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clappia umbilicata.

This article incorporates public domain text from reference[3][7]

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T40046A10310990.en
    . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Clappia umbilicata". NatureServe Explorer An online encyclopedia of life. 7.1. NatureServe. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d Walker B. (1904). "New species of Somatogyrus". The Nautilus 17(12): 133-142. page 137. plate 5, figure 5.
  4. ^ a b c Walker B. (1909). "New Amnicolidae from Alabama". The Nautilus 22(9): 85-90. page 89.
  5. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 547: 1-94. page 18. PDF
    .
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Thompson F. G. (1984). "North American freshwater snail genera of the hydrobiid subfamily Lithoglyphinae". Malacologia 25(1): 109-141.
  7. ^ a b Clench W. J. (1965). "A new species of Clappia from Alabama". The Nautilus 79(1): 33-34. Figure 2.
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