Cleopatra V
Cleopatra V of Egypt | |
---|---|
Cleopatra V Tryphaena | |
Ptolemy XII | |
Successor | Berenice IV |
Consort | Ptolemy IX or Ptolemy X |
Mother | Uncertain: Cleopatra IV or Berenice III |
Born | 95BCE |
Died | c. 69–68 BC (as Cleopatra V) or c. 57 BC (possibly as Cleopatra VI) |
Cleopatra V (
Descent and marriage
Because of the poor body of source material Cleopatra V is a very obscure member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. Only a few ascertained facts about her are known. Many aspects of her life are the subject of controversial theories.[2] In all known ancient sources she is given the byname Tryphaena. She may have borne this name before accession to the throne when she assumed the traditional royal name Cleopatra.[3] In some modern specialist literature Cleopatra Tryphaena, wife of Ptolemy XII, is referred to as Cleopatra VI.[4] The historian of classical antiquity Werner Huß refers to her as Cleopatra VII Tryphaena.[5]
The parentage of Cleopatra V is not recorded. She may have been a legitimate or illegitimate daughter of
Cleopatra V is first mentioned in 79 BC in two
Death and identity
It is unclear how long Cleopatra V lived, and with which mentions of Cleopatra Tryphaena in the historical record she should be identified, as the numbering used to distinguish the
There is some indication that Cleopatra may have died in 69 BC — she may have died in childbirth or was possibly murdered. Should she really have died that early, then the Cleopatra Tryphaena who is mentioned — after the expulsion of Ptolemy XII — as co-ruler of Egypt (together with
On the other hand, there is a dedication on the
Cleopatra V was probably the mother of Cleopatra VII.[6][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Michael Grant comes to the conclusion that "on the whole" it seems most likely Cleopatra V was the mother of Cleopatra VII, noting that had Cleopatra VII been illegitimate, her "numerous Roman enemies would have revealed this to the world." He continues we should rule out the hypothesis Cleopatra VII was conceived by Ptolemy XII's second wife-to-be while Cleopatra V was on the scene, and that if this unknown second wife would have been Cleopatra VII's mother and later made "queen legitimized", Cleopatra VII would still have been considered a bastard and "her Roman foes would not have missed the hint."[6] Duane W. Roller speculates that Cleopatra could have been the daughter of a theoretical half-Macedonian-Greek, half-Egyptian woman belonging to a family of priests dedicated to Ptah and was "only technically illegitimate" (however, he contends that whatever Cleopatra's ancestry, she valued her Greek Ptolemaic heritage the most), but notes if this unknown woman was not Cleopatra's mother, then Cleopatra V would be her mother. [28] Part of his argument is based on Strabo's mention of Ptolemy XII's having only three daughters, Berenice being the only legitimate one.[28] But as Grant notes that, of all the attacks on Cleopatra VII, her being illegitimate is not among them, and that it is only mentioned in a casual statement by Strabo.[6]
Most scholars agree that Berenice IV was a daughter of Cleopatra V. A different wife of Ptolemy XII may have been the mother of the younger siblings of Cleopatra VII, that is Arsinoe IV,
Notes
- ^ "Portrait féminin (mère de Cléopâtre ?)" (in French). Musée Saint-Raymond. Archived from the original on 2015-09-20. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
- ISBN 9781405179355, vol. 3, p. 1568.
- ^ Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra V., note 1.
- ISBN 0-500-05128-3
- ISBN 3-406-47154-4, p. 674 and passim.
- ^ a b c d Grant (1972), p. 4.
- ^ Werner Huß, Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit, p. 674-675 with note 16 (who considers it probable, that Cleopatra V was the full sister of Ptolemy XII).
- ^ Watterson (2020), p. 40.
- ^ "Ptolemaic Dynasty – Cleopatra V Tryphaena". www.tyndalehouse.com.
- ^ Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra V., note 5.
- ^ Friedrich Preisigke, Wilhelm Spiegelberg: Prinz Joachim-Ostraka. Nr. 1 (= Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Ägypten (SB). Bd. 3, Nr. 6027).
- ^ Whitehorne, pp. 177–178; W. Huß, p. 674-675
- ^ Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones: Cleopatra VI Tryphaina. In: Roger S. Bagnall et al.: The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, vol. 3, p. 1569.
- ^ She is lastly mentioned in a monument dated on August 8, 69 BC (Wilhelm Dittenberger In: Orientis Graeci inscriptiones selectae. (OGIS) I 185), but her name is already missing in a record dated on November 1, 69 BC (Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra V., note 11).
- ^ Felix Jacoby, Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, no. 260 F 2, 14
- ^ a b Whitehorne, p. 182
- ^ e. g. W. Huß, Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit (Egypt in Hellenistic times). C. H. Beck, Munich 2001, p. 679
- Geographica17.1.11, p. 796
- ^ Werner Huß, Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit, p. 679.
- ^ Preston (2009), p. 22.
- ^ Jones (2006), p. xiii.
- ^ Schiff (2011), p. 28.
- ^ Tyldesley (2008), p. 40, 235-236.
- ^ Kleiner (2005), p. 22.
- ^ Meadows (2001), p. 23.
- ^ Bennett 1997, p. 60-63.
- ^ Bianchi (2005).
- ^ a b Roller (2010), pp. 15, 18, 166.
- ISBN 3-534-15418-5, p. 18
- ^ Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra V., note 17 and 18.
- ^ Roller (2010), pp. 25–26.
References
- Bennett, Christopher J. (1997). "Cleopatra V Tryphæna and the Genealogy of the Later Ptolemies". Ancient Society. 28: 39–66. JSTOR 44079777. (registration required)
- Bianchi, Steven (2005). "Cleopatra VII". The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press.
- ISBN 978-0880297257.
- Jones, Prudence J. (2006), Cleopatra: a sourcebook, Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 9780806137414.
- Kleiner, Diana E. E. (2005), Cleopatra and Rome, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, ISBN 9780674019058.
- Meadows, Andrew (2001), "Sins of the fathers; the inheritance of Cleopatra, last queen of Egypt", in Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth, Princeton, NJ: British Museum Press), pp. 14–31, ISBN 978-0714119434
- ISBN 978-0802710598.
- ISBN 9780195365535.
- ISBN 978-0316001946.
- Tyldesley, Joyce (2008), Cleopatra, Last Queen of Egypt, Profile Books Ltd
- Watterson, Barbara (2020). Cleopatra: Fact and Fiction. Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1-445-66965-6.
- Whitehorne, John (1994). Cleopatras. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-05806-6.
External links
- Genealogy of Ptolemaic Dynasty Archived 2011-02-04 at the Wayback Machine