Codex Regius (New Testament)
| New Testament manuscript | |
_Mark.jpg) Double Ending of Mark | |
| Name | Regius |
|---|---|
| Sign | Le |
| Text | Gospels |
| Date | 8th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | National Library of France |
| Size | 23.5 cm by 17 cm |
| Type | Alexandrian text-type |
| Category | II |
| Hand | badly written |
| Note | marginalia |
Codex Regius, designated by
Description
The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), made of 257 thick parchment leaves (23.5 cm by 17 cm), containing an almost complete text of the four Gospels, with the following portions missing due to the loss of leaves/pages: Matt 4:22-5:14, 28:17-20, Mark 10:16-30, 15:2-20, John 21:15-25.[2]
The text is written in two columns per page, 25 lines per page, in large but not rounded uncial letters. It has breathing marks (utilised to designate vowel emphasis), and accents (used to indicate voiced pitch changes) often added wrongly.[3] Scrivener describes it as "carelessly written by an ignorant scribe".[2] According to him the letter φ (phi) is enormously large, and the letter α (alpha) presents the last stage of the uncial script.[2] He also surmises it was badly written by the copyist, who was probably more Egyptian rather than Greek, who had a tendency for writing Coptic rather than Greek letters.[2]
The text is divided according to the chapters (known as κεφαλαια / kephalaia), whose numbers are given in the margin, and their titles (known as τιτλοι / titloi) written at the top of the pages. It also contains the table of contents (also known as κεφαλαια) before each Gospel. There is also another division according to the Ammonian sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons (an early system of dividing the four Gospels into different sections) in the margin. Lectionary markings are contained in the margin for liturgical readings (these being dates in the yearly Church calendar where specific passages are read).[3][2]
It has
The text of this "shorter" ending is translated as follows:
But they [the women] reported briefly to Peter and those with him all that they had been told. And after this, Jesus himself sent out by means of them, from east to west, the sacred and imperishable proclamation of eternal salvation.[4]
Text
The Greek text of this
- Omissions
- omit - L copsa)
- incl. - Majority of manuscripts
- και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθησεσθε (and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with) - L : 56
- ερημος (desert)
- omit - L B ℓ 184
- incl. - Majority of manuscripts
- omit - L
- καὶ εἶπεν, Οὑκ οἴδατε οἵου πνεύματος ἑστε ὐμεῖς; ὀ γὰρ υἰὸς τοῦ ἁνθρώπου οὑκ ἦλθεν ψυχὰς ἁνθρώπων ἁπολέσαι ἁλλὰ σῶσαι (and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them) - L : 190
- αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (but deliver us from evil) - L : 256
Other verses omitted are: Mark 7:16, Mark 9:44, Mark 9:46, Mark 11:26, Luke 17:36, and John 5:4.
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- Additions
- λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω - L א*,2 D W Θ ƒ1 1010 it vgcl
- αυτην - Majority of manuscripts[7]: 24
- ἄλλος δὲ λαβὼν λόγχην ἒνυξεν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευράν, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὖδορ καὶ αἳμα (the other took a spear and pierced His side, and immediately came out water and blood see John 19:34) - L 1010 1293 vgmss)
- omit - Majority of manuscripts[7]: 84 [8]: 113
- ζωην αιωνιον - L א C* D Ψ 0100 ƒ13 it vgmss syrp, h copsa copbo
- ζωην - Majority of manuscripts[7]: 317
- Some other readings
- διδασκαλε (teacher) - L ita, d, e, ff1 copbo eth geo Origen, Hilary.
- πολλαπλασιονα (manifold) - L B1010
- εκατονπλασιονα (hundredfold) - Majority of manuscripts
- καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ βιβλίον (and opened the book) - L 1195 1241 ℓ 547 sys, h, pal sa bo
- καὶ ἀναπτύξας τὸ βιβλίον (and unrolled the book) - א Dc K Δ Θ Π Ψ ƒ1 ƒ13 28 565 700 1009 1010 Byz[9][7]: 164
It contains Luke 22:43–44 (the agony), omitted by other Alexandrian witnesses.
History
The text of the codex was cited by Robert Estienne as η' in his Editio Regia (an early edition of the Greek New Testament). It was loosely collated by textual critic Johann Jakob Wettstein. Textual critic Johann Jakob Griesbach set a very high value on the codex. It was edited in 1846 by textual critic Constantin von Tischendorf (in the publication Monumenta sacra inedita), but with some errors.[2]
The codex is now located in the National Library of France (Gr. 62), in Paris.[1][10]
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. Vol. 1 (4 ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. pp. 137–138.
- ^ a b Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments (in German). Vol. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs. p. 55.
- ^ ISBN 0-19-516667-1.
- ^ Martini, Carlo Maria (1980). La Parola di Dio Alle Origini della Chiesa. Rome: Biblical Institute Press. p. 153.
- ISBN 0-8028-1918-4.
- ^ ISBN 3-438-051001. (NA26)
- ^ ISBN 9783438051103. (UBS3)
- ^ Metzger, Bruce Manning (2001). A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (2 ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. p. 114.
- ^ "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
Further reading
- Constantin von Tischendorf, Monumenta sacra inedita (Leipzig 1846), pp. 15–24, 57-399.
- Henri Omont, Fac-similés des plus anciens manuscrits grecs de la Bibliothèque nationale du IVe et XIIIe siecle (Paris 1892).
External links
- Codex Regius L (019): at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
- Agreement L/019 with B/03, D/05, Θ/038 and majority in the Gospel of Matthew wordpress.com
- Grec 62: Codex Regius online at the Bibliothèque nationale de France