Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
Coeur d'Alene | ||
---|---|---|
Aerial view of Coeur d'Alene Coeur d'Alene Resort and marina Floating boardwalk Independence Point Coeur d'Alene Resort floating green Coeur d'Alene and Tubbs Hill from City Park and Beach | ||
FIPS code 16-16750 | | |
GNIS feature ID | 0379485[3] | |
Website | cdaid.org |
Coeur d'Alene (
The city is named after the Coeur d'Alene people, a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans who live along the rivers and lakes of the region, in a territory of 4,000,000 acres (16,000 km2) from eastern Washington to Montana. The native peoples were hunter-gatherers who located their villages and camps near food gathering or processing sites and followed the seasonal cycles, practicing subsistence hunting, fishing, and foraging.
The city began as a fort town; General
The city of Coeur d'Alene has grown significantly since the 1990s, in part because of a substantial increase in tourism, encouraged by resorts and recreational activities in the area and outmigration predominantly from other western states. The Coeur d'Alene Resort and its 0.75-mile (1.21 km) floating boardwalk and a 165-acre (0.67 km2) natural area called Tubbs Hill take up a prominent portion of the city's downtown. Popular parks such as City Park and Beach and McEuen Park are also fixtures of the downtown waterfront. The city has become somewhat of a destination for golfers; there are five courses in the city, including the Coeur d'Alene Resort Golf Course and its unique 14th hole floating green. The Coeur d'Alene Casino and its Circling Raven Golf Club is located approximately 27 miles (43 km) south and the largest theme park in the Northwestern United States, Silverwood Theme Park, is located approximately twenty miles (30 km) north. There are also several ski resorts and other recreation areas nearby. The city is home to the Museum of North Idaho and North Idaho College, and it has become known for having one of the largest holiday light shows in the United States and hosting a popular Ironman Triathlon event. Coeur d'Alene is located on the route of Interstate 90 and is served by the Coeur d'Alene Airport as well as the Brooks Seaplane Base by air. In print media, local issues are covered by the Coeur d'Alene Press daily newspaper.
History
The
1800s
The area was extensively explored by fur trader David Thompson of the North West Company starting in 1807 and in 1809 he established the Kullyspell House trading post on Lake Pend Oreille.[11][a] Thompson, who usually used native names to describe the places and people he came across, ascribed the name of 'Pointed Hearts' to one of the tribes he traded with and "Pointed Heart Lake" for the lake they lived near.[11] Since Thompson traveled with French-speaking Iroquois guides and scouts, it has been speculated that they may have been the first to refer to the tribe as the Coeur d'Alene.[9][10] As French was the spoken language of the Canadian fur traders, it is likely that "pointed heart" has its origins in the French transliteration of Cœur or "heart", d' or "in the middle of" and Alêne or "awl", meaning the tribal traders had hearts as sharp as the tip of an awl – or that they were sharp businessmen.[11][10]
The Oregon boundary dispute (or Oregon question) arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Pacific Northwest of North America in the first half of the 19th century. The British had trading ties extending from Canada and had started settlements at Fort Vancouver and at Fort Astoria on the Pacific coast near the mouth of the Columbia River. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 ended the disputed joint occupation of the area in present-day Idaho when Britain ceded all rights to land south of the 49th parallel to the United States.[12]
In another territorial dispute, the U.S. government through Washington Territory Governor Isaac Stevens began to negotiate treaties that would begin to move the various tribes of the region onto reservation lands to make way for American settlement.[13] This angered the Coeur d'Alene, as several treaty re-negotiations continually reduced their tribal lands.[13] The tribe also perceived the planned construction a military wagon road as a precursor to a land-grab by the United States.[14] These talks and increasing settler encroachment sparked armed hostilities between the native Coeur d'Alene, Spokane and Palouse and the settler populations that resulted in an initial victory for the tribes at the Battle of Steptoe Butte but were followed up with George Wright's campaign that subdued the natives.[13] The Coeur d'Alene Reservation is located in Benewah and Kootenai counties south of Coeur d'Alene in communities focused around Worley and Plummer.[15] In 1859, with U.S. funding in place, Governor Stevens appointed John Mullan to survey the interior of the Northwestern United States for possible railroad routes and oversee the construction of the 611-mile (983 km) Mullan Road that bears his name, from Fort Walla Walla on the Columbia River through the Rocky Mountains to Fort Benton on the Missouri River.[16]
With the
Miners and prospectors came to the region after gold and silver deposits were found in the Coeur d'Alene Mountains and the
In the 1890s,
Labor disputes between some company mines and the union continued into the next decade. A similar
After a U.S. Geological Survey done in the 1890s, it became widely known that there were large quantities of
1900s
The city experienced significant growth from the timber boom and the development of the railroads, steamboats, and tourism that accompanied it; Coeur d'Alene incorporated as a city on September 4, 1906, and by 1908 it had become the county seat.[31] From 1900 to 1915, there were hundreds of homes constructed across 70 newly platted additions.[32] With the advent of the automobile and the internal combustion engine, trucks and chainsaws, the felling and transporting of trees became more productive and efficient and lumber production reached its height in the late 1910s and 1920s; in 1925 there were seven lumber mills operating in the area and they were producing 500 million board feet of lumber.[33]
After the 1929 stock market crash and during the Great Depression, the lumber industry demand began to wane and by the mid-1930s about half the woodworkers in North Idaho were laid off and the surviving mills were producing only 160 million board feet of lumber per year.[34] Although it was a tough time, accomplishments during the Depression years included the establishment of Coeur d'Alene Junior College (North Idaho College) in 1933, the construction of Northwest Boulevard through the Works Progress Administration program in 1937, and the building of the popular Playfair Pier amusement park on the lake in the early 1940s.[35] The Playfair Pier opened on July 4, 1942 (and existed until 1974) in City Park and included a variety of rides and attractions such as a miniature roller coaster, a Ferris wheel, a carousel, and some of the usual carnival games.[36] Coeur d'Alene benefited from its proximity to the Farragut Naval Training Station, established in 1942 on the south end of Lake Pend Oreille, which employed 22,000 people and needed 98 million board feet of lumber to build 650 buildings.[37]
Due to the scenic lake, tourism has always been a factor in the local economy. In the early 1900s, it had become popular in Spokane to travel and picnic in the park, shop in town, and take steamboat cruises on the lake and up the Saint Joe River.[29] Coeur d'Alene had also received national publicity in magazines, where it had been called a "wonderland" and "the Lucerne of America."[38] However, tourism began to become a mainstay of the economy with the completion of highway infrastructure projects in the 1950s and 1960s, and the Coeur d'Alene Chamber of Commerce began to promote the city as a tourist destination as well.[39] As tourism increased, there was more demand for lodging facilities, convention space, restaurants, and cultural activities. By 1976, the city had over 30 motels with about 1,500 rooms.[40] On June 14, 1958, the city hosted the first Diamond Cup Hydroplane race, which was one of the largest events in its history and garnered national publicity and media coverage.[41] The event was attended by 30,000 people, and it was considered a success by the Diamond Cup organizers. The race was held at Lake Coeur d'Alene for the next eight years; it was discontinued due to persistent difficulties in raising funds for the event.[41]
After decades of heavy reliance on logging, in the 1980s, the city featured a more balanced economy with manufacturing, retail, and service sectors.
In the 1990s, the Coeur d'Alene area starting experiencing substantial population growth; many of these initial transplants came from California, citing earthquakes, crime, and overcrowding as reasons for their move.
2000s
In 2014, McEuen Park on the downtown waterfront reopened to the public after undergoing a major $20 million renovation that transformed it from a park with baseball diamonds into a multi-use park with a variety of athletic facilities, a playground, and a dog park.[52] The state of Idaho is the fastest-growing state in the country. According to Census Bureau data in 2018, the city and county were among the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the nation with a net migration of about 3,200 residents from 2015 to 2016.[53] The newest transplants are still mainly from other western states and are moving for economic as well as political reasons, seeking a lower cost of living, more affordable housing, an outdoor lifestyle, and a place that is more conservative.[53]
In June 2022, the Coeur d'Alene Police Department, the Kootenai County Sheriff's Department, the Idaho State Police, and the FBI foiled a plot by the white nationalist Patriot Front to riot at a pride event in downtown Coeur d'Alene.[54] 31 Patriot Front members, hailing from 11 different states, made their way to downtown carrying shields, body armor, and at least one smoke grenade.[54][55] The men were arrested by law enforcement a short distance away from the event.[54]
In March 2024, Coeur d'Alene was again at the center of another racial incident. During the 2024 NCAA Women's Basketball tournament, local residents hurled racial insults at players of the University of Utah Women's Basketball team on multiple occasions. [56]
Geography
Topography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.08 square miles (41.65 km2), of which 15.57 square miles (40.33 km2) is land and 0.51 square miles (1.32 km2) is water.[57]
Coeur d'Alene is 30 miles (48 km) east of
The city is located on the north shore of
The wooded lands east of the city, the
Environmental concerns have come as a result of upstream hardrock mining and smelting operations in the Silver Valley. The Coeur d'Alene Basin, including Lake Coeur d'Alene, is polluted with heavy metals such as lead and was designated a superfund site in 1983 that spans 1,500 square miles (3,884.98 km2) and 166 miles (267 km) of the Coeur d'Alene River.[72] The majority of the lake bed is covered in a layer of contaminated sediment and local health officials at the Panhandle Health District advise the lake's visitors to wash anything that has come into contact with potentially lead-laced soil or dust in the Coeur d'Alene River basin.[73]
Landscape
Climate
Coeur d'Alene has, depending on the definition, a
Climate data for Coeur d'Alene, Idaho (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1895-present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 60 (16) |
62 (17) |
73 (23) |
94 (34) |
98 (37) |
108 (42) |
108 (42) |
109 (43) |
102 (39) |
88 (31) |
71 (22) |
60 (16) |
109 (43) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 49.4 (9.7) |
51.3 (10.7) |
62.7 (17.1) |
74.0 (23.3) |
83.6 (28.7) |
88.5 (31.4) |
96.1 (35.6) |
96.3 (35.7) |
89.1 (31.7) |
74.9 (23.8) |
58.4 (14.7) |
49.2 (9.6) |
97.7 (36.5) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 36.2 (2.3) |
40.7 (4.8) |
48.4 (9.1) |
56.2 (13.4) |
65.8 (18.8) |
72.1 (22.3) |
82.8 (28.2) |
83.0 (28.3) |
73.7 (23.2) |
58.4 (14.7) |
44.2 (6.8) |
36.1 (2.3) |
58.1 (14.5) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 31.2 (−0.4) |
33.6 (0.9) |
39.5 (4.2) |
46.4 (8.0) |
55.1 (12.8) |
61.5 (16.4) |
70.1 (21.2) |
69.5 (20.8) |
61.0 (16.1) |
48.6 (9.2) |
37.9 (3.3) |
31.2 (−0.4) |
48.8 (9.3) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 26.2 (−3.2) |
26.5 (−3.1) |
30.7 (−0.7) |
36.7 (2.6) |
44.3 (6.8) |
50.9 (10.5) |
57.3 (14.1) |
56.0 (13.3) |
48.3 (9.1) |
38.7 (3.7) |
31.6 (−0.2) |
26.3 (−3.2) |
39.5 (4.2) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 10.8 (−11.8) |
13.5 (−10.3) |
19.0 (−7.2) |
27.7 (−2.4) |
33.3 (0.7) |
42.1 (5.6) |
48.1 (8.9) |
47.0 (8.3) |
37.6 (3.1) |
26.3 (−3.2) |
19.7 (−6.8) |
12.8 (−10.7) |
4.6 (−15.2) |
Record low °F (°C) | −30 (−34) |
−27 (−33) |
−13 (−25) |
5 (−15) |
21 (−6) |
28 (−2) |
36 (2) |
32 (0) |
17 (−8) |
2 (−17) |
−13 (−25) |
−26 (−32) |
−30 (−34) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.21 (82) |
2.11 (54) |
2.68 (68) |
1.91 (49) |
2.14 (54) |
2.17 (55) |
0.73 (19) |
0.77 (20) |
0.81 (21) |
2.02 (51) |
3.34 (85) |
3.47 (88) |
25.36 (644) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 10.0 (25) |
4.1 (10) |
2.2 (5.6) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
2.1 (5.3) |
9.3 (24) |
28.0 (71) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 14.4 | 11.1 | 12.6 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 9.1 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 6.0 | 11.1 | 14.8 | 13.2 | 122.0 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 4.5 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 14.1 |
Source: NOAA[76][81] |
Cityscape
Neighborhoods
As Coeur d'Alene has grown from a fort town, different neighborhoods and suburbs have grown around it.[82] The downtown city center of Coeur d'Alene is in the southeast of the urban area as the presence of Hayden Lake and Lake Fernan and the Coeur d'Alene mountains inhibit development to the east and Lake Coeur d'Alene and the Spokane River limit development to the south and southwest. Historic additions from the early 1900s were added close to the city center a few blocks from downtown, such as on East Sherman Avenue, East Lakeshore Drive near Sanders Beach, and near present-day City Park.[83] Today, the city has many neighborhoods, the largest being Coeur d'Alene city center, Post Falls and Hayden. The Coeur d'Alene city center has several parks and attractions and as a community gathering place, it has heavy foot traffic on fair weather summer weekends.
The largest building in the city, the 216-foot (66 m) Coeur d'Alene Resort Lake Tower, is in the city center. The downtown area is of increasing interest to higher density multifamily apartment and condominium-type developments to cope with the growth in housing demand and due to a lack of space and concerns about urban sprawl.[84][85]
Investment in residential and retail development has been intensive along the Interstate 90 corridor and has made Post Falls near the Washington state line become Kootenai County's second largest city. Due to its central location between Spokane and Coeur d'Alene, the city is host to a growing list of retail stores and is considered a
The historic Post Falls Dam and surrounding Falls Park on the Spokane River is a local landmark. Hayden is the third largest city in the Coeur d'Alene metropolitan area, and it is known for the eponymous Hayden Lake that was once the historic center of the community. The shores of the lake are filled with summer cabins and large mansions. The historic Hayden Lake Country Club, which lies at the center of the Hayden Lake community, was built in 1907 along with a rail connection with the Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad that same year, which brought in many tourists to the resort and Honeysuckle Beach.[86]
With the rising use of the automobile, the center of town shifted away from the lake and railroad and reoriented toward Government Way.[87]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1890 | 491 | — | |
1900 | 508 | 3.5% | |
1910 | 7,291 | 1,335.2% | |
1920 | 6,447 | −11.6% | |
1930 | 8,297 | 28.7% | |
1940 | 10,049 | 21.1% | |
1950 | 12,198 | 21.4% | |
1960 | 14,291 | 17.2% | |
1970 | 16,228 | 13.6% | |
1980 | 19,913 | 22.7% | |
1990 | 24,563 | 23.4% | |
2000 | 34,514 | 40.5% | |
2010 | 44,137 | 27.9% | |
2020 | 54,628 | 23.8% | |
2022 (est.) | 56,733 | [5] | 3.9% |
U.S. Decennial Census[88] 2020 Census[4] |
2020 census
As of the
2010 census
As of the
There were 18,395 households, of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.2% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.92. The median age in the city was 35.4 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 24% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.
Religion
According to the 2010 Metro Area Membership Report of the
Many new residents are retirees seeking lower cost of living and traffic; the number of residents aged 65 years and older doubled from 2001 to 2019 according to the Idaho Department of Labor.[94]
Crime
Coeur d'Alene | |
---|---|
Crime rates* (2022) | |
Violent crimes | |
Larceny-theft | 478 |
Motor vehicle theft | 36 |
Arson | 9 |
Total property crime | 595 |
Notes *Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. 2022 population: 56,733 Source: 2022 FBI UCR Data |
According to the National Incident-Based Reporting System, the Coeur d'Alene metro area (Kootenai County) crime rate per 100,000 population was 4,864 in 2018, which was lower than the Idaho state average of 5,032.[95] The county has a property crime rate of 12.88 and a violent crime rate of 1.59 per 1,000 people in the 2018 Uniform Crime Reports summary, which is lower than the Idaho state average of 14.61 and 2.27 respectively.[96][97] According to NeighborhoodScout's methodology, the city has a crime index of 24, meaning it is safer than 24 percent of US cities, and has a property and violent crime rate slightly above the Idaho state average but still below the national median in both categories.[98]
Economy
Historically, the economy of Coeur d'Alene was built and based on mining and logging and the Coeur d'Alene Mining District has been one of the world's most productive mining districts.
Coeur d'Alene is the healthcare, educational, media, manufacturing, retail and recreation center for north Idaho. Coeur d'Alene's retail has expanded greatly in recent years with the opening of new stores and entertainment venues; the
Companies that have their head offices in Coeur d'Alene include mining company and owner of the Lucky Friday mine in Mullan, Hecla Mining and the U.S. operations of Canada-based restaurant Pita Pit.[108][109] A knife manufacturer, Buck Knives, is the most recognizable brand name in the area, where they relocated the head office and factory from San Diego to the Coeur d'Alene suburb of Post Falls in 2005.[110] Construction company and roller coaster manufacturer, Rocky Mountain Construction is based in Hayden.[111] In 2017, the Coeur d'Alene metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of $5.93 billion.[112] The Coeur d'Alene metropolitan area has a workforce of 80,000 people and an unemployment rate of 6.8% (as of June 2020); the largest sectors for non-farm employment are trade, transportation, and utilities, government, and education and health services as well as leisure and hospitality.[113]
The average commute to work is 18.5 minutes.[114] Commuting across the state line into Washington is not uncommon. A concern for the city is that the rising minimum wage and salary differential between Washington and Idaho will cause local personnel shortages.[115] In 2011, the Idaho state median hourly wage was $14.51 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.[116]
Arts and culture
Arts and theater
The Coeur d'Alene area has a growing arts scene. The community has a symphony and theater productions from professional and community groups. The city has several art galleries, almost all displaying art located in the walkable downtown area along Sherman Avenue, Coeur d'Alene's main street.[117] Among the most prominent of these galleries is The Art Spirit Gallery.[118] Art can also be seen outside for free.[119] Since 1999, the City of Coeur d'Alene has had a funding mechanism for public art where 1.33 percent of the total cost of all eligible above-ground capital improvement projects is earmarked to fund art in public places.[120]
In the musical arts, the Coeur d'Alene Symphony traces its roots to the late 1970s as a class at North Idaho College.[121] The symphony performs an annual free concert for the community on Labor Day in Coeur d'Alene City Park and also performs during the summer. Street artists and musicians frequent Sherman Square performing for pedestrians. Theater arts are provided by the professional Coeur d'Alene Summer Theatre group and the community theater company, Lake City Playhouse.[122] The city's primary performing arts venues are the Schuler Performing Arts Center within Boswell Hall at North Idaho College and the Kroc Center.[123][124]
Museums
The Museum of North Idaho located in downtown Coeur d'Alene chronicles the history of the region. The museum was established in July 1973
Events and activities
Many of the community events and activities in Coeur d'Alene occur during the warm summer months and they often take place by the lake. Annual events include the Fourth of July Festival and the Holiday Light Show that begins at the end of November. Coeur d'Alene has been known for hosting big Fourth of July celebrations since its early days as a fort town. The Fourth of July Festival usually includes a parade down Sherman Avenue, food and craft vendors, carnival rides, and live music and entertainment.
One of the most well-attended events in the region combines Art on the Green, the Street Fair, and Taste of Coeur d'Alene, which are all held on the first weekend in August on the North Idaho College campus, downtown Coeur d'Alene, and City Park.[133] Art on the Green is an outdoor arts and crafts festival, Street Fair is a shopping festival, and the Taste of Coeur d'Alene is a food festival; the combined annual attendance is about 60,000 people.[134] Other notable events include Brewfest and the North Idaho State Fair.[134]
Sports
Coeur d'Alene has become a destination for golf enthusiasts.[135][136] The city is home to five golf courses and there are another eight more within 20 miles (32 km).[137] Coeur d'Alene Resort Golf Course is considered one of the best resort courses in the United States.[138] Its 14th hole features the world's only movable floating green.[139][140] There is also the Circling Raven Golf Club at the Coeur d'Alene Casino resort,[141] as well as several other private courses nearby, such the Tom Fazio-designed Gozzer Ranch.[142][143]
Coeur d'Alene hosts some sporting events, and the event that receives the most attention is most likely the Ironman Coeur d'Alene. The Ironman Triathlon alternates between full- and half-distance Ironman events on a rotating basis from year to year.[144] The course takes athletes through a 2.4-mile (3.9 km) double-loop swim in Lake Coeur d'Alene before transitioning to a 112-mile (180 km) double-loop bike course that is routed along the lake and then through the countryside, ending in a 26.2-mile (42.2 km) multiple-loop run through McEuen Park to a finish in downtown on Sherman Ave.[145] Other less intense and rigorous athletic events in town include the 15–108 mi (24–174 km) Coeur d'Fondo bike race[146] and the Coeur d'Alene Crossing, a 2.4-mile (3.9 km) swimming challenge in which participants attempt to cross the lake.[147] The Coeur d'Alene marathon is held annually at the end of May on the North Idaho Centennial Trail.[148]
In amateur baseball, Coeur d'Alene fields a team in the American Legion Baseball league, the CDA Lumbermen.[149] In high school team sports, there is an annual rivalry game between the Coeur d'Alene High School Vikings and Lake City High School Timberwolves called the "Fight for the Fish".[150] The schools are the only two public high schools in the city and both compete in Idaho's Inland Empire League.
Parks and recreation
The natural environment is among the chief attractions in the Coeur d'Alene area. The biggest natural attractions and parks include
The North Idaho Centennial Trail passes through the city.
Government
The community operates on a mayor–council government, where the mayor and the six councilors are each elected to four-year terms and the mayor leads the city council meetings on the first and third Tuesday of each month at Coeur d'Alene City Hall.[156][157] The current mayor, James Hammond took office on January 4, 2022.[158] The city is also the county seat of Kootenai County, Idaho.[159]
At the state level, The City of Coeur d'Alene is within
Coeur d'Alene, like the state of Idaho as a whole, is known for its conservative politics.[162] The city and Kootenai County vote reliably conservative, and races at the federal and state level are often noncompetitive; local county and city partisan races are sometimes even uncontested.[163] The changing demographics of the county and region have altered the political landscape of the community and can be viewed as part of a nationwide ideological polarization trend.[49] North Idaho had once been made up of largely progressive districts populated by a significant proportion of union laborers who worked the mines in the Silver Valley; these districts moderated, particularly in the 1980s, after mine and mill closures and union busting, and they had more competitive elections until the late 20th century.[49][163][164][165] Coeur d'Alene is among a small group of cities in the United States that has elected a socialist mayor; they elected John T. Wood, a Socialist Party of America member, to office in 1911 on a campaign platform of clean water, better health and sanitation standards, and anti-corruption.[166] Since the high-growth period beginning in the 1990s, continuing outmigration of conservatives from the west coast states has made elections in the two-party system less competitive over time as the newer residents see the city as a place that represents their social and political values, which are sometimes more conservative than the city as a whole.[163][165] Many of the new migrants to the state of Idaho came from California, which accounted for over half the net in-migration between 1992 and 2000 and three of the top four counties that had out-migration to Kootenai County were from the birthplace of modern American conservatism in southern California–San Diego, Los Angeles, and Orange.[49]
Education
Library services for the city of Coeur d'Alene are provided by two public libraries, the Coeur d'alene Public Library in downtown and the Lake City Public Library near Lake City High School.[167][168] The Community Library Network maintains seven libraries in the wider communities in Kootenai and Shoshone counties, including branches in Post Falls, Hayden, Rathdrum, Spirit Lake, Athol, and Harrison.[169] Public library services in the area trace their roots to the Coeur d'Alene Women's Club in October 1904 and its operations and funding responsibilities were taken over by the city in May 1909.[170]
The Coeur d'Alene School District serves around 11,000 students in 18 schools, including two traditional high schools, an alternative high school, three middle schools, eleven elementary schools, and a dropout retrieval school.[171] The first high school in the city, Coeur d'Alene High School, had its first building to house the students completed in 1904[172] and a second public high school, Lake City High School, was opened in 1994. District students who qualify are also eligible for dual enrollment with North Idaho College and the University of Idaho. The district also has magnet schools that focus on specific curricula, such as the Sorensen Magnet School of the Arts and Humanities and Ramsey Magnet School of Science elementary schools and the Fernan STEM Academy, offering a STEM focus.[173][171] The district is the sixth-largest in the state and second-largest employer in Kootenai County.[174] Coeur d'Alene also has a charter school, the Coeur d'Alene Charter Academy.[175] Private and parochial schools augment the public school system, such as the PK-8 grade Roman Catholic Holy Family Catholic School and the PK-8 grade Seventh-day Adventist Lake City Academy.[176] Private schools that offer a full high school curriculum include the PK-12 grade Classical Christian Academy and the 1–12 grade North Idaho Christian School which are both non-denominational ASCI-accredited Christian schools located in Hayden.[177][178]
Postsecondary education is fulfilled by North Idaho College, a public community college founded in 1933 as the Coeur d'Alene Junior College in downtown Coeur d'Alene on the former site of Fort Sherman.[179] The college has an enrollment of over 5,000 students and has outreach branches in Kellogg, Sandpoint, and Bonners Ferry.[180] The University of Idaho has a Coeur d'Alene presence and has a research park in the area.[181]
Media
Coeur d'Alene is part of the Spokane television and radio
Infrastructure
Transportation
Roads and highways
In Coeur d'Alene, the city roads are oriented in the four
The greater Coeur d'Alene area is almost entirely dependent upon private automobiles for transportation, the city has a Walk Score of 36, indicating most errands require a car.[192] Combined with the city's rapid growth since 1990, relative congestion now occurs on a significant portion of the area highways, notably U.S. 95 between Northwest Blvd. north to Hayden.[193] The average commute to work is 18.5 minutes.[114]
Public transportation
Public transportation played a significant role in Coeur d'Alene's early growth as a tourist destination. When an interurban electric railroad line was completed in 1903 from Spokane to the city, Inland Northwest residents often flocked to Lake Coeur d'Alene to enjoy being on the lake and going on steamboat cruises and other activities.[194] The interurban electric line would later become the Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad. The steamboats on Lake Coeur d'Alene were not only used to transport goods such as ore and timber, but also people. More steamboats operated on Lake Coeur d'Alene than on any other lake west of the Great Lakes, and there were intense rivalries between the steamboat lines.[195] The electric railroad and steam navigation on Lake Coeur d'Alene lasted until the late 1930s.[196][c]
Free public bus service is available to area residents, provided by
Intercity bus service to the city is provided by Jefferson Lines.[203]
Passenger rail
Coeur d'Alene does not have a passenger railroad station. The closest Amtrak stations are Spokane and Sandpoint, both of which are served by Amtrak's Empire Builder.[204]
Airports
The closest major airport serving Coeur d'Alene and North Idaho is Spokane International Airport, which is served by six airlines and is 40 miles (64 km) to the west in Spokane, Washington.[205] The Coeur d'Alene Airport – Pappy Boyington Field (KCOE) serves as a general aviation airport in Hayden, north of the city near U.S. 95.[206] The airport was built by the U.S. Army Air Corps in 1942 as a fighter and light bomber training base.[207] The Coeur d'Alene Airport was designated as an alternate airport to Weeks Field (now the site of the Kootenai County Fairgrounds) in the event of an Axis invasion; the Weeks Field airport was also used to train pilots during World War II.[208] It is named in honor of World War II flying ace and North Idaho native, Gregory "Pappy" Boyington.[209]
Near the marina on Lake Coeur d'Alene is the Brooks Seaplane Base (S76), which is a city-owned, public-use seaplane base for general aviation. It is used mostly for air taxi purposes to conduct tours of Lake Coeur d'Alene and Lake Pend Oreille.[210]
Utilities
The city of Coeur d'Alene provides billing services for municipal
The Post Falls
Healthcare
Kootenai Health is the primary medical center serving the Coeur d'Alene and North Idaho communities. The 329-bed community hospital is a Level III trauma center[214][215] and is the largest employer in Kootenai County.[216] Coeur d'Alene also has a Veterans Affairs Community Based Outpatient Clinic (CBOC), the North Idaho CBOC, which has the Mann-Grandstaff VA Medical Center in Spokane as a parent facility.[217] Public health programs and services for Idaho's five northernmost counties are administered by the Panhandle Health District, one of seven health districts in the state, with a local office in Hayden.[218]
Police
The Coeur d'Alene Police Department was established in 1887, shortly after Coeur d'Alene was incorporated as a town; one of the first official acts the Board of Trustees took was to appoint a Town Marshal.[20] The police department has 103 police officers as of September 2020.[219] In addition to the officers on staff, the department has a program called Officers Without Legal Standing (OWLS), which consists of retired law enforcement officers of various backgrounds from California who render assistance and aid as unpaid volunteers.[220][221] Coeur d'Alene and North Idaho have been favored retirement destinations for former California law enforcement for decades, the trend being reported on as early as 1986 by the Los Angeles Times.[222][223][220] By the end of the 1990s, the number of retired California police officers in North Idaho numbered over 500; former LAPD detective Mark Fuhrman is among its residents.[49]
Sister cities
Coeur d'Alene has one sister city, which is the Canadian city of Cranbrook, British Columbia.[224]
See also
Notes
- Nez Perce camp on their expedition in 1805; along with trade goods, the trappers unwittingly brought diseases that decimated the native population by about 80 percent.[9]
- ^ The U.S. government decided to close Fort Sherman and build Fort George Wright in Spokane in part due to the persistent flooding of the banks on Lake Coeur d'Alene.[30]
- ^ The popularity and convenience of the automobile and better road infrastructure led to the decline in other modes of transportation.[197] Some steamboats were deliberately set ablaze for Fourth of July celebrations in the late 1930s.[196]
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- Dahlgren, Dorothy; Carbonneau Kincaid, Simone (2009). In All the West No Place Like This: A Pictorial History of the Coeur d'Alene Region. Coeur d'Alene, ID: Museum of North Idaho. OCLC 466927090.
- Frey, Rodney (2001). Landscape Traveled by Coyote and Crane: The World of the Schitsu'umsh (Coeur d'Alene Indians). Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. OCLC 939750429.
- Holt, Ruby El (1951). "Shadowy St. Joe". Steamboats in the Timber (1st ed.). Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, Ltd. LCCN 52-5206.
- OCLC 5805806.
- OCLC 892926016.
- Schwantes, Carlos A. (1996). The Pacific Northwest: An Interpretive History (Revised ed.). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803292284.
- Singletary, Robert (2019). Coeur d'Alene Beautiful & Progressive: An Illustrated History of Coeur d'Alene Idaho 1878-1990. Coeur d'Alene, ID: Museum of North Idaho. OCLC 1191834896.
- Walker, Dale L. (1999). Bear Flag Rising: The Conquest of California, 1846. New York, NY: Macmillan. p. 60. ISBN 0312866852.
Further reading
- Henderson, John M.; Shiach, William S.; Averill, Harry B. (1903). An Illustrated History of North Idaho: Embracing Nez Perces, Idaho, Latah, Kootenai and Shoshone Counties, State of Idaho (OCLC 7975082.
External links
- Official website
- "Coeur d'Alene, Idaho". C-SPAN Cities Tour. December 2013.