Cohoes, New York

Coordinates: 42°46′45″N 73°42′46″W / 42.77917°N 73.71278°W / 42.77917; -73.71278
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Cohoes, New York
City
Downtown Cohoes Historic District
D
)
Common Council
  • W1: Nicholas Izzo
  • W2: Shawn Higgins
  • W3: George Soloyna
  • W4: William McCarthy
  • W5: Adam Biggs
  • W6: John Frainier
Area
FIPS code
36-16749
GNIS feature ID0947009
Wikimedia CommonsCohoes, New York
Website[1]

Cohoes (

city located in the northeast corner of Albany County in the U.S. state of New York. It is called the "Spindle City" because of the importance of textile manufacturing to its growth in the 19th century. The city's factories processed cotton from the Deep South
.

As of the

Horatio Gates Spafford in his 1823 publication "A Gazetteer of the State of New York". Later historians posited that the name is derived from the Algonquian Cohoes, a place name based on a word meaning 'pine tree'.[2][3]

History

In the early years of

Peebles Island northwest to the Cohoes Falls and south to today's Watervliet;[5] this area was the core of the future city of Cohoes. Starting in the 1690s the Patroon began to issue leases for the area of Cohoes, reserving for himself a strip below the Cohoes Falls for the future site of mills powered by water.[5]

Kohoes Falls, 1772
Map of the village of Cohoes in 1866. North is to the right.

Though the area was not much settled for a time, it was known for the Cohoes Falls. One of the earliest descriptions of the falls was in 1642 by

Beverwyck. Another early description was in 1656 by Adriaen van der Donck in his Description of New Netherland.[4] In the early-to-mid 17th century, a whale swam upriver in the Hudson, becoming stranded in the Mohawk River on an island just below the Cohoes Falls. The Dutch settlers could not easily get to the large carcass to remove it. As it rotted, the river became slick for three weeks. A settler commented that "the air was infected with its stench... perceptible for two miles to leeward." Beginning about 1646, settlers called this land Whale Island.[5]

During the various French and Indian Wars of the mid-18th century, Van Schaick Island was developed as part of a military road that came from Albany north along the islands at the mouth of the Mohawk River. These islands allowed for easier fords across the various mouths of the Mohawk and access to Waterford and points north. The islands were used for numerous military encampments during both the French and Indian Wars and the American Revolutionary War.[5]

A New York State historical marker for Van Schaick Island, part of the city of Cohoes. The marker is located near the intersection of Delaware Avenue and Ontario Street.

The Van Schaick Mansion on Van Schaick Island was built in the 1730s; it was one of the sites used as a military headquarters during the Revolution by the Americans under

Major Generals Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates.[5] Van Schaick Island was the first part of Cohoes to be settled and farmed; it was formerly known as Cohoes Island and Anthony's Island.[4]

Until after the Revolutionary War, Cohoes was a small quiet hamlet with isolated farms. After the Mohawk and other Iroquois allies of the British were forced to cede their territory, New York encouraged new settlement. Thousands of Yankee settlers came from New England. Cohoes was linked to the larger settlements of Lansingburg and Albany. In 1795 the first bridge across the Mohawk River was constructed at Cohoes. It was 900 feet long, 24 feet wide, 15 feet high, and was based on 13 stone piers. It cost $12,000 to build and was a toll bridge. This bridge provided access to Cohoes as one of the main routes north.[4] The bridge was rebuilt in 1806 by the Cohoes Bridge Company, which raised the tolls to cover the cost.[5]

Another major transportation improvement, construction of the Erie and Champlain canals were begun in 1817. The section in Cohoes was finished in 1823, stimulating trade for the city. Cohoes was known as Juncta because of being served by the two canals, which improved water traffic north to Lake Champlain and west through the Mohawk Valley. One or both of the canals crossed every farm in Cohoes.[4] Even with the canals and the bridge bringing easier access to larger markets, Cohoes was a sleepy place prior to 1831. The nearest post office was at Waterford; fresh meat and produce were available mostly by residents raising their own. A United States post office was built in Cohoes in 1831.[4]

In 1811 the Cohoes Manufacturing Company, owned entirely by men from Lansingburg, was incorporated and began a factory for making screws. This was the first large industry in Cohoes to use the power of the Mohawk River and Cohoes Falls.[5]

In 1831, a new Cohoes Company constructed a dam on the Mohawk River above the city's waterfall in order to better regulate water flow for industrial use. It was soon swept away by ice at the break-up in spring, and a new dam was built the following year. Two canals extended from the dam to provide water power for industry.[4] Ironworks were the first main industry in Cohoes, as it was in Troy, Menands, and West Troy. Daniel Simmons' Simmons Axe Company was famous throughout the United States, and the Cohoes Iron Foundry was a large business enterprise in the 1830s.[6]

In the 1820s, the first cotton mill in Albany County was built in Cohoes. Egberts and Bailey was the first factory to use knitting machinery run by power, based on the Cohoes Company's power canals.[4]

The community became a center of textile manufacturing; in 1836 the Harmony Manufacturing Company was founded, later famous as

textile mill in the country at the time. Cotton textiles were shipped to New York City, England and Europe, where demand was high.[citation needed
]

In 1848, Cohoes was incorporated as a

town of Watervliet. In 1869 it was chartered as a city.[citation needed
]

Mill and Mastodon
Harmony Mill No. 3, in 1969
Cohoes Mastodon in the New York State Museum

In 1866, during excavation work for construction of Mill #3 of the Harmony Mills, the bones of a mastodon were unearthed over a period of several weeks. This mammal ranged in this territory when humans were first settling here.[citation needed]

The Cohoes Mastodon skeleton was long on display in the lobby of the New York State Museum in Albany, New York. Since the early 21st century, the skeleton has been moved to a new location away from the windows, where temperature and humidity fluctuations risked damaging the skeleton. A replica complete with fur is on display at the Cohoes Public Library.[7]

Upon their completion, in 1872, the Harmony Mills were the largest cotton mill complex in the world. The Harmony Mills are an excellent example of 19th-century mill architecture. During the 19th century, numerous immigrants came to Cohoes to work in the mills, particularly

French Canadians from Quebec and Irish, who first arrived as refugees in the 1840s from the Great Famine. The Harmony Mills Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the late 20th century.[8]

Around the start of the 20th century, daredevil Bobby Leach practiced going over the Cohoes Falls in a barrel before he performed the same stunt at Niagara. Cohoes residents watched this feat from the lawn or the porch of The Cataract House, the Victorian hotel at the corner of North Mohawk and School streets. This site was later developed as the present School Street Power Station.[citation needed]

From 2005 to 2013, the Harmony Mills were redeveloped and restored by real estate developer Uri Kaufman. Kaufman converted the Mills to luxury loft apartments, sparking a revival in the heart of the city.[citation needed]

On November 30, 2017, there was

Forged in Fire, started a barrel fire to forge with before losing control of it. High winds stoked the flames which spread over the course of six hours. At one point smoke and fire collectively consumed three blocks of the downtown district, and a plume of smoke rose over the city large enough to be detected by weather radar.[10] Twenty-one buildings were heavily damaged or destroyed, with two businesses and a garage being completely leveled.[11]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.2 square miles (11 km2), of which 3.7 square miles (9.6 km2) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2) (11.79%) is water.

Cohoes is situated at the

Van Schaick Mansion
is located, and Simmons Island.

Within Albany County, the city has the town of

Lansingburg neighborhood. The 112th Street Bridge
connects Van Schaick Island to Troy.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
18504,229
18608,800108.1%
187015,35774.5%
188019,41626.4%
189022,50915.9%
190023,9106.2%
191024,7093.3%
192022,987−7.0%
193023,2261.0%
194021,955−5.5%
195021,272−3.1%
196020,129−5.4%
197018,653−7.3%
198018,144−2.7%
199016,825−7.3%
200015,521−7.8%
201016,1684.2%
202018,14712.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]

As of the

Latino
of any race were 3.03% of the population.

There were 6,932 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.3% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,856, and the median income for a family was $42,054. Males had a median income of $31,972 versus $25,845 for females. The

poverty line
, including 22.9% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Cohoes Falls, from Overlook Park
City Hall

Historic sites

A number of sites in Cohoes are included on the

U.S. National Register of Historic Places,[14]
including -

Infrastructure

Transportation

New York State Route 787 has its northern terminus in Cohoes. New York State Route 32 runs north–south through Cohoes. New York State Route 470 crosses east–west through the city and goes over the Hudson River to the northern parts of Troy.

Until the mid-1950s, the

Saratoga Springs that made stops in Cohoes.[16]

Notable people

In popular culture

Author Kurt Vonnegut's character, writer Kilgore Trout, was said to have been a resident of Cohoes in his story, "Requiem for a Dreamer".[17]

References

  1. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  2. ^ Edward M. Rutenber (1906). A Indian Geographical Names. New York State Historical Society. p. 200. Retrieved November 3, 2009., Google Book Search
  3. ^ Bulletin of the New York State Museum, Aboriginal Place Names of New York. 1907. p. 19. Retrieved November 3, 2009., Google Book Search
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Masten, Arthur (1877). The History of Cohoes, New York. Joel Munsell. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  5. ^ .
  6. ^ "Trade catalogs from Cohoes Iron Foundry and Machine Co". National Museum of American History. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  7. .
  8. ^ "National Historic Landmarks Program (NHL)". June 5, 2011. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  9. ^ "Mayor: Amateur bladesmith started massive Cohoes blaze". Timesunion.com. November 30, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  10. ^ Albany, N. W. S. (November 30, 2017). "Smoke from a fire in Cohoes, NY is visible on the Albany, NY WSR-88D Radar. See that plume of gray and blue colors in southern Saratoga county? That's the smoke from the fire in Cohoes.pic.twitter.com/PpQLEInc4M". Twitter. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  11. ^ "Cohoes fire: Upstate NY man sparks massive blaze while imitating TV show (photos)". Newyorkupstate.com. December 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  12. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  13. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  14. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  15. ^ Official Guide of the Railways, August 1958, Table 1
  16. ^ Official Guide of the Railways, June 1961, Table 1
  17. ^ Vonnegut, Kurt. 'Requiem For a Dreamer,' In These Times.

External links