Coleoidea
| Coleoidea Temporal range: Devonian or
| |
|---|---|
| |
| A cuttlefish | |
| |
| A common octopus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Clade: | Neocephalopoda |
| Subclass: | Coleoidea Bather, 1888 |
| Divisions | |
| |
ColeoideaNautiloidea, whose members have a rigid outer shell for protection, the coleoids have at most an internal shell called cuttlebone or gladius that is used for buoyancy or as muscle anchorage. Some species, notably incirrate octopuses, have lost their cuttlebone altogether, while in some it has been replaced by a chitinous support structure. A unique trait of the group is the ability to edit their own RNA.[3]
The major divisions of Coleoidea are based upon the number of
Sepiida and sharply pointed teeth in Loliginidae and Oegopsida. The arms and/or tentacles of some oegopsid families have also evolved claw-like hooks.[4]
Evolutionary history
The earliest certain coleoids are known from the
Mississippian sub-period of the Carboniferous Period, about 330 million years ago. Some older fossils have been described from the Devonian,[5]
but paleontologists disagree about whether they are coleoids.secondarily,[8][9] although it is more likely that Nectocaris represents an independent lineage within the Lophotrochozoa.[10]
By the Carboniferous, coleoids already had a diversity of forms, but the major radiation happened during the
belemnites.[12]
Classification
- Class Cephalopoda
- Subclass Nautiloidea: nautilus
- Subclass †Ammonoidea: ammonites
- Subclass Coleoidea
- Division †Belemnoidea: extinct belemnoids
- Genus †Jeletzkya
- Order †Hematitida
- Order †Phragmoteuthida
- Order †Donovaniconida
- Order †Aulacocerida
- Order †Belemnitida
- Division Neocoleoidea
- Superorder Decapodiformes
- Order Bathyteuthida
- Order †Belemnitida
- Order †Diplobelida
- Order Idiosepida
- Order Myopsida – coastal squid
- Order Oegopsida – neritic squid
- Order Sepiida– cuttlefish, pygmy, bobtail and bottletail squid
- Order Spirulida – ram's horn squid
- Superorder Octopodiformes
- Family †Trachyteuthididae (incertae sedis)
- Order Vampyromorphida: vampire squid
- Order Octopoda: octopus
- Family †
- Superorder Palaeoteuthomorpha
- Order †Boletzkyida
- Superorder Decapodiformes
- (uncertain order)
- family †Ostenoteuthidae[13]
- Division †Belemnoidea: extinct belemnoids
- Subclass
References
- ^ From Greek koleos, sheath
- ^
Nixon, Marion; ISBN 978-0-19-852761-9.
- ^ Octopus And Squid Evolution Is Officially Weirder Than We Could Have Ever Imagined
- ^ Evolutionary development of the cephalopod arm armature: a review
- ^ Bandel, Klaus; Reitner, J.; Sturmer, W. (1983). "Coleoids from the Lower Devonian Black Slate ("Hunsruck-Schiefer")". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 165 (3): 397–417.
- ^ Zuschin, Martin (2008). "Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca". Marine Ecology. 30 (2): 269. .
- ^ Turek, V.; Manda, Š. (2012). "An endocochleate experiment in the Silurian straight-shelled cephalopod Sphooceras". Bulletin of Geosciences. 87 (4): 767–813. .
- ^
Smith, M. R.; Caron, J. B. (2010). "Primitive soft-bodied cephalopods from the Cambrian". Nature. 465 (7297): 469–472. S2CID 4421029.
- ^
Smith, M. R. (2013). "Nectocaridid ecology, diversity and affinity: early origin of a cephalopod-like body plan". Paleobiology. 39 (2): 291–321. S2CID 85744624.
- S2CID 2767810.
- ^ Cephalopods: Ecology and Fisheries
- ^ Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2007). "A Late Carboniferous Coleoid Cephalopod from the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte (USA) with a radula, arm hooks, mantle tissues, and ink". In Landman, Neil H.; Davis, Richard Arnold; Mapes, Royal H. (eds.). Cephalopods Present & Past: New Insights and Fresh Perspectives. Berkeley & Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press. pp. 121–143.
- ^ Garassino, A.; Donovan, D. T. (2000). "A New Family of Coleoids from the Lower Jurassic of Osteno, Northern Italy". Palaeontology. 43 (6): 1019. .