Colin Cowdrey
Died | 4 December 2000 Littlehampton, West Sussex, England | (aged 67)|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Batting | Right-handed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bowling | Right-arm leg spin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Role | Batsman | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
International information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
National side | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Test debut (cap 379) | 26 November 1954 v Australia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Last Test | 13 February 1975 v Australia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Only ODI (cap 2) | 5 January 1971 v Australia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic team information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years | Team | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1950–1976 | Kent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1951-1960 | Gentlemen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1952–1975 | Marylebone Cricket Club | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1952–1954 | Oxford University | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Career statistics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Source: CricketArchive, 29 December 2022 |
Michael Colin Cowdrey, Baron Cowdrey of Tonbridge, .
Cowdrey was a right-handed
Early life and school years
Colin Cowdrey was born on his family's tea plantation at
When Cowdrey was five, he was taken to England where he attended the Homefield Preparatory School in Sutton from 1938 to 1945.[citation needed] In 1945, aged 12, he went to Alf Gover's Cricket School for three weeks and his father enrolled him at Tonbridge School so that he could qualify for Kent County Cricket Club. On Gover's recommendation, Cowdrey was selected for the school's first team.[citation needed] In July 1946, aged thirteen, Cowdrey played at Lord's for Tonbridge School against Clifton College. He scored 75 and 44 and, bowling leg spin, took 3/58 and 5/33. Tonbridge won the match by two runs.[5] The school later established the Cowdrey Scholarships for sporting excellence in his memory.[6]
Cowdrey was asked to play for Kent Young Amateurs in 1948 and made 157 against Sussex Young Amateurs, 87 against Middlesex Young Amateurs and 79 against Surrey Young Amateurs.[
First-class and international career
1951 to 1954
Cowdrey left Tonbridge School in the summer of 1951 and, having been offered an exhibition, became a student at the University of Oxford. He was there till the summer of 1954 and studied geography at Brasenose College.[1] He joined the Oxford University Cricket Club and, in each season from 1952 to 1954, played for them in the early weeks and then for Kent till the end of the season.[10] He captained the Oxford team in 1954.[11]
Before going into residence at Oxford in the autumn of 1951, Cowdrey scored his maiden first-class century against them for the
First international tour
Cowdrey was a surprise choice for the
On the team's arrival in
The first Test, Cowdrey's international debut, was played at the
In the third Test at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, England were in trouble at 41/4 and were rescued by Cowdrey's maiden Test century. He scored 102 out of 191 after sharing partnerships of 74 with Trevor Bailey and 54 with Godfrey Evans. Some writers have said this was the highlight of Cowdrey's career as it laid a foundation for eventual victory by 128 runs after Tyson, with a return of 7/27, shattered Australia's batting in their second innings.[18] Among those who praised Cowdrey's performance were Bill O'Reilly, who said it was the best Test innings he had ever seen and, Tyson who doubted if Cowdrey had "ever scored a better hundred".[19] Cowdrey made 102 of England's first innings of 191 and once again this was enough for Tyson to bowl his team to victory as the tourists took a 2–1 lead in the series.
Australia opened the fourth Test at the Adelaide Oval with a total of 323. In reply, England scored 341 including 79 by Cowdrey. Australia could only manage 111 in their second innings. Cowdrey was injured when the ball hit him in the face while he was fielding. He batted in the second innings and was out for 4 but the injury worsened and he was hospitalised for several days. England scored 97/5 to win the match by 5 wickets. The final Test at Sydney was drawn and so England won the series 3–1 to retain The Ashes.[20]
1955 to 1958
On his return from Australia, Cowdrey decided to drop out of Oxford and concentrate on his cricket career. As he was no longer an undergraduate, he was called up for national service in the Royal Air Force. However, he was almost immediately discharged because of a hereditary disability of rigid toes, on which he had previously had an operation.[21] Cowdrey cemented his place in the England team and took part in each of the home series during this period. He also went to South Africa in 1956–57. In 1957, during the Test series against West Indies, Cowdrey and May shared a fourth wicket partnership of 411 at Edgbaston. Cowdrey scored 154 and May 285*. At the time, it was the third highest stand in Test cricket.[22]
Before the 1957 season, Cowdrey was appointed captain of the Kent team, succeeding Doug Wright. Kent finished 14th in the County Championship, winning six of their 28 matches. Playfair Cricket Annual commented that Cowdrey had "infused the right spirit" into the team but pointed out that Kent cricket was still well short of resurgence.[23] Cowdrey only played in 18 matches because of international calls and, without him, the team's batting was weak.[24]
1958–59 to 1962
Cowdrey replaced Trevor Bailey as Peter May's vice-captain for the 1958–59 tour of Australia. The Test series was a disaster for England, who lost 4–0. Cowdrey had one notable innings when he scored 100* in the Third Test at the Sydney Cricket Ground and helped England to save that match as a draw.[citation needed] In 1959, Cowdrey had a successful series against India and scored 160 in the third Test at Headingley.[citation needed] Cowdrey captained England for the first time on their tour of the West Indies in 1959–60 after May was seriously injured. He took over from May for the last two matches of the series. Both were drawn and England, who had won the second Test, took the series 1–0.[citation needed]
With May out of action for the whole of 1960, Cowdrey captained England in the series against South Africa and won it 3–0.[citation needed] South Africa nearly won the last Test at The Oval after dismissing England for 155 and then scoring 479/9 declared. Cowdrey opened the England second innings with Geoff Pullar and they shared a first wicket stand of 290 which saved the match. Cowdrey scored 155 and Pullar 175.[citation needed]
May returned in 1961 and was expected to take back his captaincy, but declared himself unfit. Cowdrey was hurriedly brought to Lords and was told he would take over only a few days before the First Test. Although
The Ashes series had been a disappointment and Cowdrey decided to miss the tough tour of India and Pakistan, which was led by Ted Dexter. He lost to India 2–0, but beat Pakistan 1–0 and made 712 Test runs (71.20) on the tour, including his highest Test score of 205. May returned to play for Surrey, but refused to play for England and retired from cricket after a few games in 1963. When
1962–63 to 1967
The tour manager
Despite Cowdrey's first innings of 85, Australia won the Third Test to level the series and keep
In 1963 Frank Worrell led an exciting West Indies team on their tour of England. They won the First Test at Old Trafford by an innings, with Cowdrey being bowled round his legs by Hall for 4 after swaying away from a delivery which kept lower than he expected. The Second Test at Lord's was one of the best he played in. Fred Trueman took 6/100 and Cowdrey three catches to dismiss the tourists for 301 and the captain Ted Dexter thrashed Wes Hall and Charlie Griffith round the ground for 70 off 75 balls in England's reply of 297. Dexter couldn't field due to an injury taken when batting so Cowdrey led the team and took 3 more catches as Trueman took 5/52 and the West Indies' 229 relied almost entirely on Basil Butcher's 133. Needing 234 to win England were reduced to 31/3, but had recovered to 72/3 when Cowdrey fended a bouncer from Hall off his face and broke his wrist, retiring hurt on 19. Ken Barrington (60) and Brian Close (70) took England to the verge of victory and when Derek Shackleton was run out in the last over they were 228/9, needing five runs to tie, six runs to win, one wicket to lose or to survive two balls for a draw. Cowdrey returned to the crease with his arm in plaster and stood at the non-striker's end while Dave Allen blocked the last two balls for a draw. England won the Third Test, but lost the series 3–1 and Cowdrey was unable to play for the rest of the season.
England was to tour India and Pakistan again and Cowdrey was asked to captain the tour, but declined as his arm had not fully healed. Ted Dexter also took a rest and M.J.K. Smith led the team, which soon ran into difficulties as illness and injury reduced them to ten men and they considered calling up the broadcaster Henry Blofeld. Cowdrey was contacted by Lord's to recommend a replacement batsman and as the batsmen he would have suggested were contracted to play in South Africa he volunteered to join the team himself. On arrival he was immediately chosen for the Third Test without any match practice (this happened again in Australia in 1974–75), but took three catches and made 107 and 13 not out for a draw. He made 151 in the Fourth Test and 38 in the Fifth to end with 309 runs (103.00) and England survived the series 0–0, the first full Test series which England drew all their matches, but the third time India had managed this. [citation needed]
Dexter was back in charge in the rain-soaked 1964 Ashes series. Cowdrey played in the First and Second Tests, making 32, 33 and 10, but was injured and England lost the Third Test and with it the series 1–0. Cowdrey returned for the Fifth Test to make 20 and 93 not out, finishing with 188 runs (47.00). More importantly he took the catches for Fred Trueman's 299th and 300th Test wickets. In the County Championship Cowdrey's captaincy and his long-term plans with Les Ames were starting to pay off as Kent moved up to 7th place. [citation needed]
Dexter declared himself unavailable for the
Though Cowdrey still had his supporters at Lords Smith was kept as captain for the
Mike Smith was kept as captain for only the First Test of the 1966 series against a West Indian side held together by the superb all round skills of their captain
In the Third Test at Trent Bridge Cowdrey came in at 13/3 and made 96, adding 169 with Tom Graveney (109) to give England a 90 run lead, but Basil Butcher made 209 not out in the West Indian second innings and they won by 139 runs. The Fourth Test at Headingley saw the tourists rattle up 500, enforce the follow on and win by an innings and 55 runs. Like Smith Cowdrey was removed from the captaincy and dropped from the team, to be replaced by the hard-headed Yorkshire captain Brian Close. In an amazing Fifth Test at the Oval the West Indies made 268 and had England 166/7, but the last three wickets added 363 runs and England won by an innings. In the County Championship Cowdrey's Kent moved up for the third year in a row to 4th place. [citation needed]
There was no tour in 1966–67 and Cowdrey was not picked for the first four Tests of the summer, instead concentrating on Kent's chances in the County Championship. He was recalled for the Second Test against Pakistan, opening the innings, and made 14 and 2 not out in the 10 wicket victory. The Third Test at the Oval was won as well, but Close had been found guilty of time-wasting in a county match and accosting a spectator who complained of
1967–68 to 1971
The tour got off to a bad start when they were outscored in the warm up match against the Barbados Colts, but Cowdrey made 139 against the West Indies Board President's XI, adding 249 with
Cowdrey made 107 when the MCC beat Jamaica by 174 runs and they went into the Second Test at Kingston with more confidence. He won the toss again and made 101 in England's 376 and forced the West Indies to follow on again when Snow's 7/49 dismissed them for 143. The West Indies were 204/5 on the day four and when Basil Butcher was caught behind off Basil D'Oliveira the crowd rioted and threw bottles onto the outfield. Cowdrey tried to calm the crowd without success and play was abandoned as the police used tear gas to restore order. Cowdrey and the manager Les Ames reluctantly agreed to resume play to help placate the crowd and an extra 75 minutes was added on the sixth day to make up for lost time.[33] Sobers thought it wouldn't be needed as they had battled so badly, but the riot had unsettled the England team. The West Indian captain made 113 not out and was able to declare at 391/9, leaving England 190 to win on the extra day. Boycott and Cowdrey made ducks and English crashed to 43/4 at the end of day five and barely survived with 68/8 after the extra time on day six. Sobers took 3/33 and Lance Gibbs 3/11, which would have grave repercussions in the Fourth Test. [citation needed]
Cowdrey took the next two matches off (which were drawn), but was with Fred Titmus when the off-spinner had four toes cut off by a boat propeller while swimming and drove him to the hospital for surgery, which enabled him to return to cricket after the tour. The Third Test at Bridgetown was a dull draw, with Sobers winning the toss and the West Indies making 349, followed by 449 from England with Boycott (146) and John Edrich (90) adding 172 for the 1st wicket. They returned to Port of Spain for the Fourth Test, Sobers won the toss again and his team made 526/7. England replied with 404, Cowdrey top-scoring with 148 and hitting 21 boundaries. The game looked doomed to another draw when Sobers suddenly declared at 92/2 on the fifth day, leaving England 215 runs to win in 165 minutes. Sobers disliked the thought of playing out five draws in a series and remembered the sudden English collapse in the Third Test which might give him a surprise victory. Though he needed Tom Graveney and Ken Barrington to overcome his natural inclination to safety they set about the runs with Boycott holding up one end with 80 not out and adding 118 in 75 minutes with Cowdrey (71) for a 7 wicket victory with three minutes to spare. Sobers was lambasted throughout the West Indies for his declaration and Cowdrey found him drinking alone in a bar that evening when he was usually surrounded by fans.
The MCC beat Guyana and England went into the Fifth Test at
Australia had held the Ashes since 1958–59 and Cowdrey was keen to return them to England, but he was frustrated by the damp summer. There was no excuse for the First Test at Old Trafford where Australia made 357 and England fell from 86/0 to 165 all out to the part-time off-spin of Bob Cowper (4/48) and lost by 159 runs, though Basil D'Oliveira made 87 not out in the second innings. The Second Test was the 200th between the two countries and Colin Milburn hammered 83 and Cowdrey 45 in England's 351/7 while Australia were hustled out for 78 after a freak hail storm whitened the ground. 15 hours were lost to the weather and after following on Australia salvaged a draw with 127/4.
The Third Test at Edgbaston was Cowdrey's 100th, the first time that anyone had completed a century of Tests. He celebrated by making 104, using Boycott as a runner after straining his leg. He became the second batsman after
With the South African tour cancelled a new one was arranged to
Cowdrey broke the Achilles tendon in his left heel three weeks into the 1969 season and he could not play until the last match in September. The veteran Yorkshire professional Ray Illingworth was his surprise replacement after only a month as captain of Leicestershire. He was chosen over his rivals Brian Close and Tom Graveney as he was not seen as a threat to Cowdrey's long-term captaincy due to his age and inability to establish a regular spot in the Test team.[39] However, Illingworth made his maiden Test century in his second Test in charge, beat the West Indies and New Zealand 2–0 each and remained captain even when Cowdrey recovered. Kent suffered from his absence and fell to 10th in the County Championship, but Cowdrey was able to get some match practice in by touring the West Indies with the International Cavaliers and the Duke of Norfolk's XI.
The South African tour was cancelled and as the cricketers needed practice against a top team before going to Australia, and to fill MCC coffers, a Rest of the World XI under Gary Sobers was organised from overseas cricketers playing for English counties. Cowdrey was still easing himself back into cricket when the First 'Test' was played and he was not selected, but played in the other four and made 1 and 64 in the Second, 0 and 71 in the Third, 1 and 0 in the Fourth and 73 and 31 in the Fifth, a total of 241 runs (30.13). England lost the series 4–1, but three of their defeats were close and they were playing the best team in the world. These were counted as Tests at the time, but the ICC subsequently disallowed them. This meant that Cowdrey passed Wally Hammond's record of 7,249 Test runs when he made 71 at Trent Bridge to become the most prolific Test batsmen, and would do it again in Australia. [citation needed]
Cowdrey's return to the England team fueled speculation that he was to resume the captaincy from Illingworth, but he did not and in the Third 'Test' he was told that his rival would be made captain for the Australian tour. He was willing to accompany him as a player, but had to think about being vice-captain again as he thought a younger man should be chosen. In the end he accepted in order to help his Kent teammate David Clark with the administration.[citation needed]
Cowdrey had other considerations in the summer of 1970, which was Kent County Cricket Club's Centenary. Kent had been 13th in the County Championship in his first year as captain in 1957, but had improved and were runners up in 1967 and 1968. The county has been short of funds throughout the 60s, but agreed to increase resources for extra staff for the 1970 season, which could only be justified by winning the County Championship for the first time since 1913. Apart from their energetic overseas player
In early July it appeared that he had jinxed both their chances with Heath behind in the polls in the
Cowdrey was made vice-captain for an
In the First Test he overtook
Cowdrey played what he thought was would be his last Test against Pakistan at Edgbaston, making 14 and 34. He was now 38 and a serious bout of pneumonia meant he could not play for half the season, though his 15th year as Kent captain he equalled Lord Harris's record and made him the longest serving post-war captain in county cricket. His vice-captain and successor Mike Denness led Kent for most of the season; they fell to 4th in the County Championship and were the finalists in the Gillette Cup, but Cowdrey was unable to play and they lost to Lancashire by 24 runs.[citation needed]
1972 to 1976
Cowdrey continued to play for Kent under Mike Denness (who succeeded Ray Illingworth as England captain in 1973) and the county continued its success. It came 2nd in the County Championship in 1972, 4th in 1973, but slipped to 10th in 1974, but won the
After the disastrous First Test in Brisbane the tour selectors sent back to London for the 41-year-old Cowdrey as a replacement batsmen. Cowdrey was highly regarded by the MCC team and in particular by
Cowdrey showed he had lost none of his timing and that his bat was as straight as ever until he was bowled behind his legs by Thomson (2/45) for 22. In the second innings he volunteered to open with David Lloyd instead of the badly bruised Brian Luckhurst. Cowdrey was dropped by Ian Redpath off Lillee, hit on the arm, survived a confident appeal by Rod Marsh before he was finally caught lbw by Thomson for 41, his highest score of the series. After the Second Test Cowdrey made 78 and took 2/27 against South Australia. Before the Third Test at Melbourne Frank Tyson recalled "Colin Cowdrey and John Edrich were unable to practice on Christmas Eve – mainly because of the drizzling rain but also because Cowdrey wanted to spend his birthday in comparative peace. Since both batsmen wanted to feel the ball on bat before the Test, I volunteered the use of the Hawthorn Indoor Cricket Centre, in which I was a partner, for a two-hour work-out on Christmas morning. It was quite a contrast to open the children's presents in the early hours and to open the bowling at the two English batsmen before lunch. My fifteen old son, Philip, thought the latter experience to be quite the best of his Christmas presents".[48] He played his 114th and last Test at Melbourne, and opened the innings again as Lloyd was injured, but only made 7. Even so, England made 529 and won by an innings, with Cowdrey dismissing Rick McCosker for his 120th catch. He was given a warm farewell by his fans in "an impromptu little gathering on the outfield in front of the banner reading 'M.C.G. FANS THANK COLIN – 6 TOURS'. The central figure, wearing a large straw sun-hat, was signing endless autographs, posing for photographs and exchanging friendly talk with young and old in the way that has made him as popular a cricketer as has ever visited Australia".[49]
The South African tour of 1975 was cancelled and instead there was Prudential World Cup with the Australians staying on for a Test series afterwards. Their first first-class match after losing the Cup Final was against Kent and Cowdrey has already announced his retirement at the end of the season. Ian Chappell won the toss and declared on 415/8, Kent were out for 202 and Chappell was able to declare his second innings at 140/3 on the last day to set the hosts 354 to win. He was so confident of a win that he ordered a coach for 4 pm to take the team to Southampton for dinner before their next match against Hampshire, but Cowdrey struck 151 not out, Kent won by 4 wickets and the Australians didn't reach Southampton until midnight. It was first victory by Kent over Australia since 1899.[50][51] Cowdrey was asked to captain the MCC against the Australians, but was dismissed for a pair by Lillee, though this did not stop speculation that he would replace Mike Denness as England captain. His 107th and last first-class century was 119 not out against Gloucestershire, but he returned next year for one more game against Surrey when Kent were short of players, making 25 and 15 and taking two catches. Kent, incidentally, went on to win the John Player League in 1976 and the County Championship in 1977–78.
International centuries
Cowdrey made 22 Test centuries[52] to equal Wally Hammond's England record. This has subsequently been exceeded by a number of players.
Of the 22 Tests in which Cowdrey made a hundred, England won 10, drew 11 and lost one; the defeat was the 1965 match against
No. | Date | Opposing team | Ground | Score |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 31 December 1954 | Australia | MCG, Melbourne | 102[54] |
2 | 1 January 1957 | South Africa | Newlands, Cape Town | 101[55] |
3 | 30 May 1957 | West Indies | Edgbaston, Birmingham | 154[56] |
4 | 20 June 1957 | West Indies | Lord's, London | 152[57] |
5 | 9 January 1959 | Australia | SCG, Sydney | 100*[58] |
6 | 2 July 1959 | India | Headingley, Leeds | 160[59] |
7 | 17 February 1960 | West Indies | Sabina Park, Kingston | 114[60] |
8 | 25 March 1960 | West Indies | Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain | 119[61] |
9 | 18 August 1960 | South Africa | The Oval, London | 155[62] |
10 | 31 May 1962 | Pakistan | Edgbaston, Birmingham | 159[63] |
11 | 16 August 1962 | Pakistan | The Oval, London | 182[64] |
12 | 29 December 1962 | Australia | MCG, Melbourne | 113[65] |
13 | 1 March 1963 | New Zealand | Basin Reserve, Wellington | 128 not out[66] |
14 | 29 January 1964 | India | Eden Gardens, Calcutta | 107[67] |
15 | 8 February 1964 | India | Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, New Delhi | 151[68] |
16 | 17 June 1965 | New Zealand | Lord's, London | 119[69] |
17 | 5 August 1965 | South Africa | Trent Bridge, Nottingham | 105[70] |
18 | 30 December 1965 | Australia | MCG, Melbourne | 104[71] |
19 | 8 February 1968 | West Indies | Sabina Park, Kingston | 101[72] |
20 | 14 March 1968 | West Indies | Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain | 148[73] |
21 | 11 July 1968 | Australia | Edgbaston, Birmingham | 104[74] |
22 | 21 February 1969 | Pakistan | Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore | 100[75] |
Style and personality
As a batsman, Cowdrey's favourite stroke was the cover drive, at which he excelled,[76] but he had the full array of stokes all around the wicket. His quick reflexes also made him an outstanding slip fielder. Tom Graveney described him as "a masterly batsman with an excellent technique (who) delighted crowds throughout the world with his style and elegance".[77] However, Cowdrey always feared that his wicket was too important to be thrown away and he was sometimes too cautious when facing certain bowlers. John Arlott noticed this and commented: "Cowdrey could sink into pits of uncertainty when the fire ceased to burn, allowing himself to be dominated by bowlers inferior to him in skill".[78] Cowdrey himself said: "The proudest thing in my career was that I kept surviving".[79]
Cowdrey adopted a mostly cautious approach to captaincy but always listened to his players. He would usually set a field as recommended by the bowler and then stick to it, rather than making frequent changes. His greatest asset was man-management as he genuinely cared about his players. For example, he always thanked each bowler at the end of a spell and each batsman at the end of an innings. Tom Graveney said Cowdrey was the best captain he played under.[80]
Personal life and post-retirement
While still a player, Cowdrey was appointed
He was married twice. His first wife was Penny Chiesman from 1956 until their divorce in 1985. They were the parents of Kent cricketers
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- ^ Tyson, p. 85
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- ^ "List of international centuries scored by Colin Cowdrey". ESPN cricinfo. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ Arlott 1986, p. 58.
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- ^ 2nd Test, Cape Town, Jan 1 - Jan 5 1957, England tour of South Africa Archived 27 January 2024 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
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- ^ 5th Test, Port of Spain, Mar 25 - Mar 31 1960, England tour of West Indies Archived 28 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 5th Test, London, Aug 18 - Aug 23 1960, South Africa tour of England Archived 27 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 1st Test, Birmingham, May 31 - Jun 4 1962, Pakistan tour of England Archived 13 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 5th Test, London, Aug 16 - Aug 20 1962, Pakistan tour of England Archived 28 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 2nd Test, Melbourne, Dec 29 - Jan 3 1963, England (Marylebone Cricket Club) tour of Australia Archived 27 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 2nd Test, Wellington, Mar 1 - Mar 4 1963, England tour of New Zealand Archived 28 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 3rd Test, Kolkata, Jan 29 - Feb 3 1964, England tour of India Archived 27 January 2024 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 4th Test, Delhi, Feb 8 - Feb 13 1964, England tour of India Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 2nd Test, London, Jun 17 - Jun 22 1965, New Zealand tour of England Archived 14 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 2nd Test, Nottingham, Aug 5 - Aug 9 1965, South Africa tour of England Archived 27 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 2nd Test, Melbourne, Dec 30 - Jan 4 1966, England tour of Australia Archived 13 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 2nd Test, Kingston, Feb 8 - Feb 14 1968, England tour of West Indies Archived 27 January 2024 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 4th Test, Port of Spain, Mar 14 - Mar 19 1968, England tour of West Indies Archived 13 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 3rd Test, Birmingham, Jul 11 - Jul 16 1968, Australia tour of England Archived 13 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ 1st Test, Lahore, Feb 21 - Feb 24 1969, England tour of Pakistan Archived 13 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ Moyes & Goodman 1965, p. 72.
- ^ Graveney 1983, p. 54.
- ^ Arlott 1986, p. 57.
- ^ Willis & Murphy 1986, p. 98.
- ^ Graveney 1983, pp. 54–55.
- ^ United Kingdom list: "No. 45554". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1971. p. 8.
- ^ "The Cook Society, The Britain-Australia Society, BritOz". Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
- ^ United Kingdom list: "No. 52767". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1991. p. 2.
- ^ "No. 54842". The London Gazette. 23 July 1997. p. 8443.
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