Colin Davis

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Davis in 1967

Sir Colin Rex Davis

CBE (25 September 1927 – 14 April 2013) was an English conductor, known for his association with the London Symphony Orchestra, having first conducted it in 1959. His repertoire was broad, but among the composers with whom he was particularly associated were Mozart, Berlioz, Elgar, Sibelius, Stravinsky and Tippett
.

Davis studied as a

Staatskapelle Dresden
, among many others.

As a teacher, Davis held posts at the

Landesgymnasium für Musik "Carl Maria von Weber" (preparatory school for music) in Dresden. He made his first gramophone recordings in 1958, and his discography over the next five decades was extensive, with many studio recordings for Philips Records
and a substantial catalogue of live recordings for the London Symphony Orchestra's own label.

Early years

Davis was born in Weybridge, Surrey, the fifth of seven children, to Reginald George Davis (a bank clerk) and Lillian Constance (Colbran) Davis.[1][2] The family was musical, and he was exposed to music from an early age. He recalled:

"I can still see

78 playing on my father's gramophone. … I can also remember the moment I decided to make music my life. I was 13 or 14 at the time and the performance was of Beethoven's Eighth. Doors were suddenly opened. I became totally involved, even obsessed by music, although I was frightfully enclosed by my likes and dislikes. Today I'm game for anything."[3]

The Royal College of Music, where Davis studied

With financial assistance from his great-uncle, Davis was educated at Christ's Hospital in Sussex[4] and then won a scholarship to the Royal College of Music in London, where he studied the clarinet with Frederick Thurston.[5] His fellow-students included Gervase de Peyer, but Davis developed a greater interest in conducting. He was, however, not eligible for the conducting class at the college, because he could not play the piano.[6]

Following compulsory military service and completing his studies at college, Davis served as a clarinettist in the band of the Life Guards. Stationed at Windsor, he had continual opportunities to attend concerts in London under conductors including Sir Thomas Beecham and Bruno Walter. In 1949, he began his career as a freelance musician (the "freelance wilderness", in his own phrase) where he remained until 1957.[2] His first conducting work was with the Kalmar Orchestra, which he co-founded with other former students of the Royal College. He was subsequently invited to conduct the recently founded Chelsea Opera Group in Don Giovanni. In the early years of his career, he also took some engagements as an orchestral clarinettist.[7] What seemed at first to be a full-time conducting appointment, for the Original Ballet Russe in 1952, ended abruptly after three months, when the company collapsed. In between sparse conducting engagements, Davis worked as a coach and lecturer, including spells at the Cambridge University Musical Society and the Bryanston Summer School, where a performance of L'enfance du Christ awakened his love of Berlioz's music.[8]

BBC and Sadler's Wells

His first breakthrough came in 1957 when, at his third attempt, he secured the post of assistant conductor of the BBC Scottish Orchestra (now the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra).[9] The chief conductor of the orchestra generally chose to conduct the standard repertoire pieces himself, and left Davis with modern works and non-standard repertoire works, including those of Berlioz.[10] By 1959, Davis had developed to the extent that, after a concert of Stravinsky and Mozart with the London Mozart Players, the chief music critic of The Observer, Peter Heyworth, wrote:

"Mr Davis conducted two works in a manner that showed that he is not only outstanding among our younger conductors, but probably the best we have produced since Sir Thomas Beecham, his senior by forty-eight years."[11]
Glyndebourne, scene of one of Davis's early breakthroughs

Davis first found wide acclaim when he stood in for an ill Otto Klemperer in a performance of Don Giovanni, at the Royal Festival Hall in 1959. A year later, Beecham invited him to collaborate with him in preparing The Magic Flute at Glyndebourne. Beecham was taken ill, and Davis conducted the opera. After the Don Giovanni, The Times wrote, "A superb conductor of Mozart declared himself last night at the Festival Hall…. Mr Davis emerged as a conductor ripe for greatness."[12] Neville Cardus in The Guardian was less enthusiastic but nevertheless considered that he "had his triumphs" in the performance.[13] After The Magic Flute, The Times called Davis "master of Mozart's idiom, style and significance",[14] although Heyworth in The Observer was disappointed by his tempi, judging them to be too slow.[15]

In 1960, Davis made his début at

Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians wrote of this period, "He excelled in Idomeneo, The Rake's Progress and Oedipus rex, and Fidelio; his Wagner, Verdi and Puccini were less successful. He introduced Weill's Mahagonny, and Pizzetti's Assassinio nella cattedrale to the British public and conducted the première of Bennett's The Mines of Sulphur (1965)."[18] Together with the stage director Glen Byam Shaw, he worked to present operas in a way that gave due weight to the drama as well as the music.[19] In his early years, Davis was known as something of a firebrand with a short fuse in rehearsals,[20] and his departure from Sadler's Wells in 1965 was not without acrimony.[21]

After he left Sadler's Wells, and being passed over as principal conductor of the

the Proms, by the memory of Sir Malcolm Sargent. Compared to the "suave father figure" image of Sargent[24] to the promenaders, it took some time for the much younger Davis to be accepted.[23] The BBC's official historian of the Proms later wrote, "Davis never really identified himself with the Proms in the way that Sargent had done.[24] Davis was uncomfortable with the traditional hullabaloo of the Last Night of the Proms and attempted, unsuccessfully, to modernise it.[25] The BBC's Controller of Music, William Glock, was a long-standing admirer of Davis, and encouraged him to put on adventurous programmes, with a new emphasis on modern music, both at the Proms and throughout the rest of the orchestra's annual schedule.[26] Following his tenure as BBC SO chief conductor, Davis served as chief guest conductor of the BBC SO from 1971 to 1976.[27]

Covent Garden

In 1970, Sir David Webster, who ran the Royal Opera and the Royal Ballet companies at Covent Garden, invited Davis to succeed Sir Georg Solti as principal conductor of the opera.[28] At about the same time, the Boston Symphony Orchestra invited him to become its musical director, but Davis felt that if Covent Garden needed him, it was his duty to take on the post.[19] Webster's vision was that Davis and the stage director Sir Peter Hall, formerly of the Royal Shakespeare Company, would work in equal partnership as musical director and director of productions. After early successes together, including the première of Michael Tippett's The Knot Garden in December 1970, Hall left to succeed Laurence Olivier as director of the National Theatre. Webster had retired by that time, leaving Davis, together with Webster's successor as General Administrator, Sir John Tooley, to run the Royal Opera.[28]

The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, where Davis was musical director between 1970 and 1986

Davis' early months in charge at Covent Garden were marked by dissatisfaction among some of the audience, and booing was heard at a "disastrous" Nabucco in 1972. His conducting of Wagner's Ring cycle was at first compared unfavourably with that of his predecessor.[29] Among his successes were Berlioz's massive Les Troyens (with Jon Vickers and Anja Silja) and Benvenuto Cellini, Verdi's Falstaff, the major Mozart operas, and, as one critic put it, he "confirmed his preeminence as a Britten and Stravinsky interpreter" with productions of Peter Grimes and The Rake's Progress.[29] Davis conducted more than 30 operas during his fifteen-year tenure,[18] but "since people like Maazel, Abbado and Muti would only come for new productions", Davis yielded the baton to these foreign conductors, giving up the chance to conduct several major operas, including Der Rosenkavalier, Rigoletto and Aida.[29]

In addition to the standard operatic repertoire, Davis conducted a number of modern and unfamiliar operas, including Tippett's The Knot Garden and

Alexander Zemlinsky's The Dwarf and Eine florentinische Tragödie.[30] With later stage directors at Covent Garden, Davis preferred to work with those who respected the libretto: "I have a hankering for producers who don't feel jealous of composers for being better than they are, and want to impose their, often admittedly clever, ideas on the work in hand."[31] Davis hoped that Götz Friedrich, with whom he worked on Wagner's Ring cycle, would take on the role of principal producer vacated by Hall, "but it seemed that nobody wanted to commit themselves."[29]

During his Covent Garden tenure, Davis returned to the BBC Symphony Orchestra as principal guest conductor from 1971 to 1975, and held the same post with the Boston Symphony Orchestra from 1972 to 1984.[2] In 1977, he became the first English conductor to appear at Bayreuth, where he conducted the opening opera of the festival, Tannhäuser. Despite the Bayreuth habitués' suspicion of newcomers,[32] his Tannhäuser was "highly successful".[33] He debuted at the Metropolitan Opera, New York City, in 1967 with Peter Grimes, the Vienna State Opera in 1986 and the Bavarian State Opera in 1994.[2]

Bavarian Radio Symphony and London Symphony Orchestras

From 1983 to 1993, Davis was chief conductor of the

Dresden Staatskapelle, which appointed him honorary conductor (Ehrendirigent) in 1990, the first in the orchestra's 460-year-history,[35] and whose musicians referred to Davis with the nickname "Der Sir".[36] From 1998 to 2003, he was principal guest conductor of the New York Philharmonic.[2]

In 1995, Davis was appointed principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, the culmination of a long association with the orchestra. He had first conducted the LSO in 1959, and in 1964 he headed the orchestra's first world tour. He became principal guest conductor in 1975 and was at the helm in the LSO's first major series at its new home, the Barbican Centre, in a Berlioz/Tippett festival in 1983.[35] In 1997 he conducted the LSO's first residency at Lincoln Center in New York City.[35] Davis was the longest-serving principal conductor in the history of the LSO, holding the post from 1995 until 2006, after which the orchestra appointed him its President, an honour previously held only by Arthur Bliss, William Walton, Karl Böhm and Leonard Bernstein.[37] On 21 June 2009, 50 years to the day after his first LSO performance, a special concert was given at the Barbican, at which present-day players were joined by many past members of the orchestra.[35] His programme for the concert was Mozart's Symphony No 40 in G minor, and Brahms's Piano Concerto No 2, with Nelson Freire as soloist.[38]

During his time with the LSO, both as principal conductor and later as president, Davis conducted series and cycles of the music of Sibelius, Berlioz, Bruckner, Mozart, Elgar, Beethoven, and Brahms,[35] and in 2009 began presenting a cycle of the symphonies of Carl Nielsen.[39] Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians wrote:

"He conducted a Sibelius cycle in 1992 and a concert performance of Les Troyens the following year, both of which have become the stuff of legend. More recently he has added grand performances of Bruckner, Richard Strauss and Elgar, the première of Tippett's last major work, The Rose Lake (1995), and a Berlioz cycle begun with Benvenuto Cellini in 1999 and crowned by an incandescent Les Troyens in December 2000, all confirming his partnership with the LSO as one of the most important of its time."[18]

Teacher

Davis was president of the

Landesgymnasium für Musik "Carl Maria von Weber" in Dresden,[40] and held the International Chair of Orchestral Studies at the Royal Academy of Music, London.[41] Jonathan Freeman-Attwood
, principal of the academy, wrote of Davis:

"As the Academy's International Chair of Conducting over 25 years, Sir Colin helmed six opera productions and over sixty concerts, classes and chamber music projects. Such extraordinary generosity from a major international conductor is surely unique. He inspired a whole generation here, as did Henry Wood and John Barbirolli before him."[35]

Recordings

Davis's discography is extensive, numbering over 300 recordings. He made his first record in 1958 conducting the

Harold in Italy with Yehudi Menuhin, and what remains one of his best-known recordings, a 1961 Beethoven Seventh Symphony.[43][44]

Philips and RCA

In the 1960s, Davis signed as an exclusive artist for Philips Records, with whom he made an extensive range of recordings in the symphonic repertoire and many operatic recordings, including the major Mozart operas; operas by Tippett, Britten, Verdi and Puccini; and a comprehensive survey of the operas of Berlioz, culminating in an award-winning first recording of the complete Les Troyens issued in May 1970.[21][45]

Davis's 1966 Philips recording of Handel's Messiah was regarded as revelatory at the time of its issue for its departure from the large-scale Victorian-style performances that had previously been customary.[46] Other Philips recordings included a 1982 set of Haydn's twelve London symphonies with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra "distinguished by performances of tremendous style and authority, and a sense of rhythmic impetus that is most exhilarating";[47] and a 1995 Beethoven symphony cycle with the Dresden Staatskapelle, of which Gramophone wrote, "There has not been a Beethoven cycle like this since Klemperer's heyday."[48]

Davis made a number of records with the Boston Symphony Orchestra for Philips, including the first of his three Sibelius cycles, which remains in the CD catalogues. They also recorded works by Debussy, Grieg, Schubert, Schumann, and Tchaikovsky.

For

RCA Victor Red Seal
, Davis recorded complete symphony cycles of Sibelius (with the LSO), Brahms (Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, 1989–98), and Schubert (Dresden Staatskapelle, 1996).

LSO Live

Davis in 2007

Davis's term as principal conductor of the LSO coincided with the orchestra's decision to launch its own record label, LSO Live. Davis' recordings on the LSO Live label include

Die Schöpfung (2007); Holst's The Planets (2002); James MacMillan's St John Passion, (2008) The World's Ransoming and The Confession of Isobel Gowdie (2007); Mozart's Requiem (2007); Nielsen's Symphonies Nos. 4–5 (2011); a third Sibelius symphony cycle (2002–2008); Smetana's Má vlast (2005); Tippett's A Child of Our Time (2007), Verdi's Falstaff (2004), Requiem (2009), and Otello (2010); and Walton's First Symphony
(2005).

Awards

Davis was appointed

Légion d'honneur (France), 1999 (Chevalier, 1982); Order of Maximilian (Bavaria), 2000.[2]

Other awards include

Personal life

In 1949, Davis married the soprano April Cantelo. They had two children. Their marriage ended in 1964, and in that same year, Davis married Ashraf Naini, known as Shamsi.[4] To satisfy both the Iranian and British authorities, the couple were married three times, once in Iran and twice in the UK, in the Iranian Embassy in London as well as in a UK civil ceremony; they had five children.[55] One of their children is the conductor Joseph Wolfe, who chose a different surname, because he wanted to "create some space to grow and develop my own identity as a musician".[56]

Shamsi died in June 2010 at the time Davis was conducting Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro at the Royal Opera House. Davis continued the run of performances just days later and when asked, the following year, how he had the strength to perform, he replied:

It comes from the music. There is so much negative nonsense talked about Mozart, but he is – well, he's life itself.[57]

Illness and death

After his wife's death, Davis's health declined rapidly. He fell from the podium at Covent Garden in February 2011, and cancelled many engagements in the subsequent months. His last concert in France was on 7 June 2012 at the

Saint Paul's Cathedral in London.[4][59] His last known performance was with an amateur London orchestra and soloist Thomas Gould, a month before his death.[60] On 14 April 2013, Davis died in London at the age of 85.[61][62]

Antonio Pappano, music director at the Royal Opera House, said Davis's death came as a "huge blow".[63] Labour MP Harriet Harman tweeted that Davis had "made a historic contribution to music – in this country & worldwide", while Borjan Canev, former assistant conductor to Davis, said "thank you for being my inspiration".[64]

References

Notes

  1. ^ Blyth, p. 4
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Davis, Sir Colin (Rex)", Who's Who, 2010, A & C Black, 2010; online edition, Oxford University Press, December 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2010
  3. ^ Gramophone, December 1967, p. 39
  4. ^ a b c Nice, David (14 April 2013). "Sir Colin Davis obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  5. ^ Blyth, pp. 6–8
  6. ^ Blyth, p. 8
  7. ^ Blyth, pp. 9–10
  8. ^ Blyth, p. 10
  9. ^ Ivan Hewett (15 April 2013). "Sir Colin Davis: from angry young firebrand to wise elder statesman". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  10. ^ Blyth, p. 11
  11. ^ Heyworth, Peter, "Best Since Beecham", The Observer, 6 September 1959, p. 23
  12. ^ "Outstanding Don Giovanni under Mr. Colin Davis", The Times, 19 October 1959, p. 6
  13. ^ "Schwarzkopf dominant in concert version of Don Giovanni", The Guardian, 20 October 1959, p. 7
  14. ^ "Mozart Genius at its Peak", The Times, 29 July 1960, p. 13
  15. ^ Heyworth, Peter. "Disenchanted Flute", The Observer, 31 July 1960, p. 18
  16. ^ The Times, 3 August 1960, p. 5
  17. ^ Blyth, p. 13
  18. ^ a b c d "Colin Davis", Grove's Dictionary, Oxford Music Online. Retrieved 9 January 2009
  19. ^ a b Blyth, p. 21
  20. ^ Rupert Christiansen (15 April 2013). "Sir Colin Davis and his stormy career in opera". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  21. ^ a b c "Davis, Colin" Archived 22 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Naxos.com. Retrieved 10 January 2010
  22. ^ "Sir Colin Davis". The Daily Telegraph. 15 April 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  23. ^ a b Orga, p. 158
  24. ^ a b Cox, p. 192
  25. ^ Orga, p. 166
  26. ^ Blyth, p. 16
  27. ^ Kenyon, Nicholas, The BBC Symphony Orchestra: The first fifty years, 1930-1980. British Broadcasting Corporation (ISBN 0 563 17617 2), p. 441 (1981).
  28. ^ a b Haltrecht, p. 101
  29. ^ a b c d Canning, Hugh. "Forget the booing, remember the triumph", The Guardian, 19 July 1986, p. 11
  30. ^ Royal Opera House programme booklets for 30 September 1983, 3 April 1970, 2 December 1970, 6 December 1972, 11 July 1977 and 7 October 1985
  31. ^ Gramophone, July 1981, p. 23
  32. ^ 26 July 1977, p. 9
  33. ^ The Times, 25 July 1977, p. 9; and 26 July 1977, p. 9
  34. ^ Morrison, p. 217.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g Mackenzie, Lennox, "50 years with Sir Colin Davis", LSO.co.uk. Retrieved 10 January 2010 Archived 30 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ "The Staatskapelle Dresden mourns the death of its Conductor Laureate, Sir Colin Davis" (Press release). Staatskapelle Dresden. 16 April 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  37. ^ LSO concert programme booklet, 9 January 2007
  38. ^ LSO concert programme booklet, 21 June 2009
  39. ^ LSO concert programme note, 1 October 2009
  40. ^ "Schirmherr: Sir Colin Davis". Archived from the original on 22 December 2008. accessed 30 October 2011
  41. ^ "Colin Davis Fellowship" Archived 15 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Royal Academy of Music. Retrieved 10 January 2017
  42. ^ TZ 130 cover notes
  43. ^ "Discography", Blyth, pp. 60–61
  44. ^ Gramophone, February 1996, p. 8
  45. ^ Gramophone, May 1970, p. 84
  46. ^ Gramophone, November 1966, p. 77. It was produced by Mercury Records' Harold Lawrence and recorded by Philips engineer Hans Lauterslager using the Mercury 3-spaced-omni mic technique, called "M3" by Philips. See Lauterslager, Hans: presentation at Audio Engineering Society Amsterdam 2008 Historical Event. Presentation included listing of Philips M3 recording sessions. The recording was reissued on CD by Philips in the 1990s as a 2-CD set in the "Duo" series.
  47. ^ Gramophone, June 1982, p. 33
  48. ^ Gramophone, December 1995, p. 75
  49. ^ "No. 43529". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1964. p. 10.
  50. ^ "No. 48059". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 January 1980. p. 288. accessed 15 September 2009
  51. ^ "No. 56237". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 June 2001. p. 5.
  52. ^ The Official Website of the British Monarchy Archived 12 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 January 2010
  53. ^ a b Norris, Geoffrey, "Sir Colin Davis: Knit one, purl one, conduct one", The Daily Telegraph, 15 May 2008
  54. ^ "Elgar Society Awards". Elgar Society. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  55. ^ O'Mahony, John. "Calm after the storm", The Guardian, 21 September 2002
  56. ^ "Joseph Wolfe" Archived 23 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine' Classical Source. Retrieved 29 January 2012
  57. ^ Tom Service (12 May 2011). "Sir Colin Davis: 'You are of no account whatsoever'". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  58. ^ "Beethoven et Dvorak par Emanuel Ax, piano, et l'Orchestre National de France dirigés par Colin Davis". France Musique. 23 October 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  59. ^ Marie-Aude Roux (16 April 2013). ""Colin Davis, le charme britannique à la baguette" (Le chef d'orchestre est mort à Londres, dimanche 14 avril, à l'âge de 85 ans. Il dirigeait avec un subtil alliage d'élégance et de mystique rêveuse". Le Monde. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  60. ^ Greg Cahill (15 April 2013). "Sir Colin Davis, 1927–2013". Strings. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  61. ^ "Obituary: Sir Colin Davis (1927–2013)" (Press release). London Symphony Orchestra. 14 April 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  62. ^ Schwirtz, Michael (14 April 2013). "Sir Colin Davis, British Conductor, Dies at 85". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  63. ^ "Conductor Sir Colin Davis dies". BBC News. 14 April 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  64. ^ "London Symphony Orchestra president Sir Colin Davis dies, aged 85". London Evening Standard. 15 April 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2013.

Sources

External links

Cultural offices
Preceded by Music Director, Sadler's Wells
1961–1965
Succeeded by
Preceded by Music Director, Royal Opera House, Covent Garden
1971–1987
Succeeded by