Cologno al Serio
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Cologno al Serio | |
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Comune di Cologno al Serio | |
Saint Eurosia | |
Saint day | October 11 |
Website | Official website |
Cologno al Serio (
Cologno al Serio borders the following municipalities: Brignano Gera d'Adda, Ghisalba, Martinengo, Morengo, Romano di Lombardia, Spirano, Urgnano.
History
Antiquity
The first human settlements in the area date back to about four thousand years ago, in the
The later eras saw the allocations of some
The new rulers gave a first urban organization to the village, which began to take on increasing importance: studies in this sense were greatly helped by findings concerning skeletons, funeral kits, vases and coins of the time of Vespasian.[4]
There was also a military road that, also used for commercial transport, passed from Cologno al Serio connecting Bergamo with Piacenza, thus increasing the possibilities of exchange of the inhabitants.[4]
Also, the
Middle Ages
During the sixth century the arrival of the Longobards occurred, of which has reached another important find, always found on the municipal territory of Cologno, consisting of a clay table (now kept in the Archeological Museum of Bergamo) engraved with the name of six inhabitants of the time.[4] However, the first written document in which the name of the town is mentioned dates back to 843, when such Stephanus de Colonias is mentioned in an act.[4]
In these years the town grew in importance thanks to the presence of an ancient Roman road, renamed "Francesca road", restores by the Franks, from which it took the name. This was also used to transport the body of Louis II of Italy, son of Lothair I, from Brescia to Milan.[4]
The subsequent development of
It was because in the country the Guelph side was becoming increasingly consistent, which began to provide hospitality to members of the same faction fleeing from other centres. The number grew to the point of allowing Cologno to be considered one of the largest centres of the Guelph faction.[3] These, with the help of the comrades of other cities, including Brescia and Cremona, managed to get the better of their opponents and to appropriate the castle.[5]
The subsequent beginning of the lordship of the Visconti did not calm the clashes, which not only continued to disturb the life of the town but also grew due to the construction of another castle, in Liteggio, managed by the Lanzi family.[5]
The Republic of Venice
The situation ended with the beginning of the Republic of Venice in 1428. Thanks to its social and cultural policy, the population was able to live a more peaceful life. Through the Peace of Ferrara of 1428, in fact, Cologno al Serio was assigned to the Republic of Venice. The government of the Serenissima certified this annexation with a document written in Latin dated 11 July, known as the "acceptance of dedication". On July 13, Venice confirmed the statutes and regulations of the municipality: from that moment on, on the fortress of Cologno, began to wave the flag of San Marco[6]
The peace with Ferrara, however, did not last long; in the following years, in fact, Cologno was at the centre of infighting among numerous "condottieri di ventura". One of the most famous was Bartolomeo Colleoni from Bergamo, a native of Solza. Thanks to his military capabilities, he succeeded, during the years and through countless factional changes, to be appointed by the Venetian Republic captain general.[7] Following this appointment, which took place on 10 March 1455, he was assigned as a residence the castle of Malpaga; Colleoni was also recognized as a personal field of the territories of Romano, Martinengo, Urgnano and Cologno.[8]
With the
At the dead of Bartolomeo Colleoni, on 15 December 1475, the Republic of Venice established that the territories of its feud with fortifications, including Cologno, returned full dominion of Venice. Although the Venetian Republic had asked to become independent from the outpost of Bergamo and to be subjected directly to Venice, the Venetian Republic did not accept the request. Cologno was in fact the only fortified town able to protect Bergamo to the south. For this reason, on 7 August 1484, the Captain of Bergamo sent his representative to Cologno and take possession of it, leaving the lieutenant Bergando Viti[9]
In the following years, Cologno, as a border town, was the centre of clashes disputes inherent in the Lombard territory; suffered sieges, experienced countless political changes as well as the invasions of French, Spanish, German and Milanese troops. This situation of political, military and social chaos will last for centuries, until the seventeenth century.[6]
Seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
From the seventeenth century a new phase began for the municipality of Cologno al Serio. While the previous centuries were characterized by a succession of conflicts, from the beginnings of the seventeenth century there was a period of relative serenity for the citizens of Cologno, which will last until the end of the seventeenth century.[6]
However, this peace was disturbed in 1630 by the pandemic of the bubonic plague, which, brought by the Milanese Lanzichenecchi soldiers, also spread in the territory of Bergamo. In May 30 deaths in Cologno were recorded. The spread of the disease led to the opening of a Lazaretto in the locality known as Campino.[4]
Modern and contemporary ages
The end of the Venetian occupation occurred in 1797 with the advent of the Cispadana Republic and, subsequently, from the constitution of the Cisalpine Republic.
In March 1797, in fact, Bergamo and its provinces met under the Cispadane Republic for the will of the
In 1815, the Austrians who established the Kingdom of Lombardy-Veneto and Milan, as well as its subordinate territories, passed into their hands. Bergamo was once again divided into eighteen districts and Cologno was made a subordinate to Verdello, becoming a municipality of the thirteenth district (based on an organizational system that was based on the owners). Cologno, in this case, was declared a second-class municipality and was placed under the administration of a deputation chosen by the assembly of the owners themselves who, in turn, chose a referent who would become mayor of the place, thanks to ratification of imperial appointment.[6]
The last significant historical change related to the history of the municipality occurred in 1859 when Cologno al Serio, together with the rest of the province of Bergamo, became part of the Kingdom of Italy.[10]
In the twentieth century, Cologno was involved in the historical events of this turbulent century, including the First and Second World Wars. Many youngs of Cologno took part in the conflict. The
Monuments and place of interest
Civil architecture
The historic centre of Cologno al Serio has great importance, having maintained the original structure that the village-owned in medieval times. Still intact and visible are in fact the city walls with its moat that protected the entrance of the village. To reach the town centre of Cologno four well-preserved entrances have been built and in one of them is located the municipal seat. Even the houses and roads inside the fortification have maintained their peculiarities.
The defensive walls, the moat and the four gates
During the rule of the
The moat was about ten metres wide and much deeper than it appears, having been filled as considered dangerous. In the past, moreover, there was also a second parallel outer belt, which was an additional defence element. This secondary enclosure was then demolished at the beginning of the nineteenth century to make space for small vegetable gardens and the construction of additional buildings[10]
Although the walls, the moat and the gates have been modified several times over the centuries, the traces of the original
- Porta Antiniano, which rises in the direction of Brescia and whose name comes from the ancient village Antiniano.[11] It is the door that has undergone fewer changes over the years. Its original structure is of the medieval age. The name of this gate derives from the fundus or vico Antinianum, a small inhabited district of Roman times. Access to the door is made accessible through a staircase that connects the door directly to the moat [3]
- Porta Rocca, the fortification to the north towards Bergamo and seat of the municipality of Cologno al Serio.[4] The name derives from a fort erected at the end of the thirteenth century along the outer perimeter, of which it is an integral part. Only the lower part of the tower has maintained its original character, while the upper part has been rebuilt over the years. These architectural changes are due to the continuous and repeated damage caused by numerous war events that have marked the history of Cologno. This door also has a coat of arms depicting the Moioli family, who in the seventeenth century owned the castle donated to him by the community of Cologno al Serio in recognition of their contribution to the defence of the town [12]
- Porta Moringello, built to the west in direction of Treviglio and Milan, whose name derives from the municipality of Morengo.[4] In ancient times, the inhabitants of Morengo directed to Bergamo passed through this door lengthening their journey; this was because the main road was particularly insidious. Among the four doors of Cologno, Porta Moringhello is the least preserved, although the architecture shows clear signs of its original construction. For example, traces of the presence of two metal shatters allowing entry and exit from the town centre can still be seen, as well as the typical medieval quadrangular structure[3]
- Porta Cassadega, facing south towards Major General Luigi Agliardi died in 1931[3]
The Rocca
The
The fortress was built with river pebbles and bricks, arranged in a fishbone form. The escarpment of the curtains, built using bricks, departs from the rest of the fortification, to suggest that it had been added later to further improve the defence. The fortress is accessed through an arched portal that presents the coat of arms of Cologno al Serio and that connects to the central tower.[3] There are also two androns, one of which was used to trap enemies who wanted to enter the tower, while the other served as a stationary place for the guard corps.[12]
The Rocca is shaped like a
Castel Liteggio
The castle of Liteggio, of medieval origins, is located in the homonymous locality on the edge of the town and it was built in the fifteenth century by the Visconti. There are still visible parts of the embattled masonry and the moat, details that made it a very powerful fortification.
Religious architecture
Worthy of note is the church of Santa Maria Assunta. The church was built in 1745 and it has a
Other churches and chapels
- Morti dell'Arca:on the border with the town of Spirano there is the locality called "Morti dell'Arca", where there is a small
- Church of the Santissima Trinità: fifteenth century, inside which there are some paintings attributed to Carlo Ceresa
- Church of the Annunciata
- Church of Saint Pancrazio
- Church of Saint Pope Gregory, known also as the "Campino chapel"
- Church of Saint Anna, in the locality of "Fornasette", frazione of Cologno al Serio
- Church dedicated to the Immaculate, in the locality of "Muratella", frazione of Cologno al Serio. This church has a late sixteenth-century architecture, evidenced by the brick facade and the bell tower with decorative paintings[3]
The Campino
The epidemic of bubonic plague of 1630 affected several areas of the north, including the territory of the provinces of Bergamo and the territory of Cologno al Serio. The Venetian government intervened by implementing measures to contain the contagion; one of these was the construction of a lazaretto in the municipality territory. Initially, about one hundred people were hospitalized. A prior was also appointed to supervise the patients, supported by armed sentries, in order to prevent the sick from breaking the quarantine or the rules of visiting their loved ones. The dead were covered with clay and buried in the lazaretto itself, to avoid further spread of contagion.[4]
The lazaretto was built in a rural area near the river
Before the spread of the disease and the opening of the lazaretto, the Campino was an uncultivated field in which there was a small
The coat of arms
The coat of arms of Cologno al Serio, dating back to the twelfth-thirteenth century, represents a column surmounted by a crown. The column of the coat of arms recalls the name of the village and was, therefore, taken to the symbol of the same. Also the current banner of Cologno al Serio, white and yellow, has medieval origins. Both the ancient coat of arms and the modern banner have been approved with a Decree of the President of the Republic on 16 April 1976.[10]
Demographic evolution
Population census | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 |
Pop. | 2,653 | 3,104 | 3,105 | 3,478 | 4,188 | 4,459 | 4,694 | 4,761 | 5,609 | 6,104 | 7,207 | 8,012 | 8,836 | 9,442 | 10,596 | 11,178 |
±% | — | +17.0% | +0.0% | +12.0% | +20.4% | +6.5% | +5.3% | +1.4% | +17.8% | +8.8% | +18.1% | +11.2% | +10.3% | +6.9% | +12.2% | +5.5% |
Source: Census population [13] |
Ethnic groups and foreign minorities
As of December 31, 2019, there are 1260 foreigners residing in the municipality of Cologno al Serio and representing 11.3% of the resident population.[14] The most represented nationalities are:
Municipal Administration
From | To | Mayor | Party | Role |
---|---|---|---|---|
1993 | 1997 | Lazzari Gesualdo | DC | Mayor |
1997 | 2001 | Labaa Guido | Lega Nord | Mayor |
2001 | 2006 | Legramanti Roberto Antonio | Lega Nord | Mayor |
2006 | 2011 | Legramanti Roberto Antonio | Lega Nord | Mayor |
2011 | 2016 | Sesani Francesco Claudio | Lega Nord | Mayor |
2016 | ongoing | Drago Chiara | Non - party list | Mayor |
Source:[15]
Twin towns — sister cities
Cologno al Serio is
- Ukmergė, Lithuania
- Gmina Tarnowo Podgórne, Poland
References
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- Istat.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Barbara Oggionni, Pianura da scoprire:guida ai 24 comuni dello IAT di Treviglio e territorio,2005
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l La storia di Cologno al Serio (volume 1). Mons.Dott. Giacomo Drago, edito dal Comune di Cologno al Serio, 2006
- ^ a b c d e f g Silvia Milesi, Lino Lazzari, Cologno al Serio, Edizione: Cesare Ferrari-a cura della Cassa Rurale Artigiana di Cologno al Serio, 1983
- ^ a b c d e f Mons. Dott. Drago, Giacomo (1963). La storia di Cologno al Serio. Cologno al Serio: Cologno al Serio.
- ^ Cusani, F. (1867). Storia di Milano,dall'origine ai nostri giorni e cenni storico-statistici sulle città e province lombardi (volume 6).
- ^ Sala, Castiglioni (1936). Storia dei Papi (volume 2). UTET.
- ^ Ottolini, V. (1887). La rivoluzione lombarda del 1848-1849. HOEPLI.
- ^ a b c d e Arfuzzi, Arturo (2006). Cologno al Serio: nuovi studi (volume 2). Istituto italiano dei Castelli, Sezione Lombardia, Delegazione di Bergamo.
- ^ a b c La storia di Cologno al Serio. Mons.Dott. Giacomo Drago, edito dal Comune di Cologno al Serio,1963
- ^ a b c d e f "I castelli della bergamasca" fotografie: Paolo Da Re-Bergamo: il Conventino, 1978, Locatelli, Milano
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-06-15. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Stranieri residenti al 1° gennaio : Lombardia". dati.istat.it. Archived from the original on 2018-11-06.
- ^ "Eligendo Archivio - Ministero dell'Interno DAIT".
Bibliography
- Agostino Saba, Storia dei papi (volume 2),Torino, UTET,1936.
- Armazio Possenti, Cesare Rota, Bergamo e la sua pianura: arte, storia, natura della pianura bergamasca, Bergamo, 1996.
- Arturo Arfuzzi, AA.VV. Cologno al Serio:nuovi studi (volume 2),Cologno al Serio, Istituto Italiano dei Castelli, Sezione Lombardia, Delegazione di Bergamo, 2006.
- Barbara Oggionni, Alla scoperta della pianura bergamasca: i luoghi della fede, Treviglio e territorio, Treviglio, Sistema culturale integrato della bassa pianura bergamasca, 2020.
- Barbara Oggionni, Pianura da scoprire: guida ai 24 comuni dello IAT di Treviglio e territorio, Treviglio, Clessidra, 2005.
- Francesco Cusani,Storia di Milano, dall'origine ai giorni nostri e cenno storico-statistici sulle città e province lombardi(volume 6), Milano, 1867.
- Lino Lazzari, Il servo inutile. Don Cirillo Pizio (volume 2),Clusone, Edizioni Cesare Ferrari, 1991.
- Lino Lazzari, Silvana Milesi, Cologno al Serio. Cologno al Serio, Edizioni di Cesare Ferrari- Cassa Rurale Artigiana di Cologno al Serio, 1983.
- Mario Locatelli, Paolo Da Re (fotografie), I castelli della Bergamasca (volume 2),Bergamo, Il Conventino, 1978.
- Giacomo Drago, Cologno al Serio (volume 1),Cologno al Serio, 2006.
- Giacomo Drago, La storia di Cologno al Serio,Cologno al Serio, 1963.
- Vittore Ottolini, La rivoluzione lombarda dal 1848-1849,Milano, HOEPLI, 1887.