Columbia Law School
Columbia Law School | |
---|---|
Parent school | Columbia University |
Established | 1858 |
School type | Private law school |
Parent endowment | $14.35 billion (2021)[1] |
Dean | Gillian Lester |
Location | New York City, New York, U.S. |
Enrollment | 1,244 (2020)[2] |
Faculty | 409 (2020)[2] |
USNWR ranking | 8th (2024)[3] |
Bar pass rate | 96.52% (2021)[4] |
Website | law.columbia.edu |
ABA profile | Standard 509 Report |
Columbia Law School (CLS) is the law school of Columbia University, a private Ivy League university in New York City. It was founded in 1858 as the Columbia College Law School. The university was known for its legal scholarship dating back to the 18th century. Graduates of the university's colonial predecessor, King's College, include such notable early-American legal figures as John Jay, the first chief justice of the United States, and Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury, who were co-authors of The Federalist Papers.
Columbia Law has many distinguished alumni, including United States presidents
History
James Kent and the early study of law at Columbia University
The teaching of law at Columbia reaches back to the 18th century. Graduates of the university's colonial predecessor, King's College, included such notable early American judicial figures as
Theodore Dwight and the founding of the law school
It was considered at that time mainly as an experiment. No institution resembling a law school had ever existed in New York. Most of the leading lawyers had obtained their training in offices or by private reading, and were highly skeptical as to the possibility of securing competent legal knowledge by means of professional schools. Legal education was, however, at a very low ebb. The clerks in the law offices were left almost wholly to themselves. Frequently they were not even acquainted with the lawyers with whom, by a convenient fiction, they were supposed to be studying. Examinations for admission to the bar were held by committees appointed by the courts, who, where they inquired at all, sought for the most part to ascertain the knowledge of the candidate of petty details of practice. In general, the examinations were purely perfunctory. A politician of influence was not readily turned away. Few studied law as a science; many followed it as a trade or as a convenient ladder whereby to rise in a political career."[7]
Indeed, Columbia Law School was one of the few law schools established in the United States before the Civil War. During the 18th and 19th centuries, most legal education took place in law offices, where young men, serving as apprentices or clerks, were set to copying documents and filling out legal forms under the supervision of an established attorney. For example, in New York John Jay, revolutionary founding father and first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, read law with Benjamin Kissam, whose busy practice kept his clerks occupied in transcribing records, pleadings, and opinions. Jay was fortunate to have attentive supervision because the quality and time of learning the law varied greatly within the profession. Theodore Dwight, who had been head of the law department of Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, believed formal legal education, conducted in the classroom with regular lectures, was far superior to casual law office instruction.[9]
At its founding, four distinct courses of lectures of this class were then established: one on Philology, offered by distinguished scholar and statesman, George P. Marsh; a second by Dr. Francis Lieber, a standard writer upon topics of political science and of international law, then a professor at Columbia College; a third course on Ethics, by Professor Nairne, also of the college; and a fourth on Municipal Law, by Theodore W. Dwight, then Professor of Law in Hamilton College, New York, which at the time already had a flourishing law school.[7] The original course of study to obtain a degree consisted of just two years, rather than the modern standard of three.[7] The first lecture in the law school was delivered on Monday, November 1, 1858, by Mr. Dwight, at the rooms of the Historical Society. It was an introductory lecture, afterwards printed. The audience consisted mainly of lawyers. It was plain that many of them could be counted upon as friends of a system of legal education. The result was an immediate attendance of 35 students, who showed their intention of pursuing a regular course of study by at once paying a tuition fee for instruction throughout the year. Such assurances were given of a future increase of numbers that it was determined to divide each class at the beginning of the coming year into two sections, for their convenience. The next year, the number of students was 62; in the third year, there were 103. Many of these early students were members of the bar.[7] In 1860, in order to stimulate excellence in attainments of the students, a series of annual prizes was established, commencing with $250, and diminishing regularly by $50, until the sum of $100 was reached. These were adjudicated by leading members of the bar upon the combined merits of written answers to printed questions, and of essays upon topics selected by the instructors. None could compete for the prizes except those who had fully completed the two years' course. The questions covered the range of studies for the whole course. Stringent rules were adopted in reference to the answers, so as to secure the absolute fidelity of the candidates in their work.[7]
The Dwight Method
Professor Dwight believed a course of legal study should focus on the application of basic legal principles, as learned through the study of legal treatises, coupled with frequent moot courts which would permit students to demonstrate their proficiency in applying those principles to new legal problems.[10] In this way, Dwight's method of teaching diverged significantly from the "case method" which had then been popularized by Dean Langdell of the Harvard Law School which focused on the study of individual cases and the use of inductive reasoning to distill governing legal principles from those cases with little time spent on the practical application of those principles.[10]
Dwight believed that his method was superior to the case method because it helped to create trained legal practitioners ready to enter the profession rather than academics more suited to teaching.[10] In support of his position, Dwight cited the example of legal study throughout the Western World since the Roman empire:
It is not out of place in this connection to refer to the chosen methods of acquiring the Roman law, both as sanctioned by great jurists and by imperial authority, after an experience continuing through centuries . . . The Roman jurists had "cases" to deal with, precisely as we do. They were not mere legal philosophers, but disposed of practical and "burning" questions of their time. They were, however, in the habit of referring back to a legal principle in disposing of a concrete case, and believed that great principles could be so stated as to win the attention of students and give them a solid basis for future detailed acquisitions.[7]
By the late 19th century, Dwight's method gave way to the case method which by the turn of the 20th century had become the standard curriculum at all of the other premier American law schools at Harvard, Yale and the University of Pennsylvania.[10] In 1891, in response to Columbia's adoption of the case method, Dwight and a number of other professors left the law school to found New York Law School in Manhattan's Financial District.[citation needed]
Columbia Law in the 20th century
After Dwight's departure, William Albert Keener of
In the 1920s and 30s, the law school soon became known for the development of the legal realism movement. Among the major realists affiliated with Columbia Law School were Karl Llewellyn, Felix S. Cohen and William O. Douglas.[12]
In September 1988, Columbia Law School founded the first AIDS Law Clinic in the country, taught by Professor Deborah Greenberg and Mark Barnes.[13]
Law centers and programs
Columbia University was among the first schools to establish both comparative and international law centers, as well as an effective
On May 26, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Judge Sonia Sotomayor, a Lecturer-in-Law since 1999, to be a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.[16] Judge Sotomayor created and co-taught a course entitled "The Federal Appellate Externship" every semester at the law school since the fall 2000.[17] Federal Appellate Externships and many other externships, including Federal District Externships, are offered each year at Columbia Law.[18][19]
Among other externships, the law school offers a full-semester externship on the federal government in Washington, D.C., which provides students hands-on experience in government law offices. In addition to their placements at federal agencies, students in the program are also required to attend a weekly seminar and write a substantive research paper.[20] The Federal Government Externship has the following three specific components:
- Field Placements: Students are required to work a minimum of 30 hours a week doing substantive legal work at a federal agency. Options include, amongst others, several sections of the Department of Homeland Security,
- Seminar: Students conduct an in-depth analysis of the roles lawyers play in federal offices. Each seminar is taught by Columbia Law faculty and a Washington-based adjunct professor. Each seminar also features guest speakers and has a substantive writing component.
- Supervised Research: Students are required to produce an 8,000–10,000-word research paper on a topic closely connected to their externship and field placement. Externs are encouraged to consult with the agency in which they work to develop their topic.[20]
Arthur W. Diamond Library
Columbia Law School's Arthur W. Diamond Library is one of the most comprehensive libraries in the world and is the third largest private academic law library in the United States, with over 1,000,000 volumes and subscriptions to more than 7,450 journals and other serials.[21][22]
The Columbia Law Review and other student journals
The
Joint degree programs
In December 2010, the law school announced the addition of an accelerated
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (Ph.D. in selected programs)
- School of Business
- School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA)
- Graduate School of Journalism
- School of the Arts
- School of Public Health
- School of Social Work
- School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation
Dual degree programs and alliances, abroad
Columbia has cultivated alliances and dual degree programs with overseas law schools, including the
Columbia Law School has one of the largest international alliances with China, and with Peking University, specifically, a joint exchange program that began in 2006, when students could be exchanged for a semester, which was expanded as a program in 2011 to allow faculty to teach or co-teach courses abroad, and which was expanded as a program again in 2013 when Columbia Law School dean David Schizer and Peking University Law School dean Zhang Shouwen signed a memorandum of understanding between the universities, allowing for joint publications and joint seminars between faculty at the respective universities.[33]
Clinical and experiential learning programs
The law school runs several clinical programs that contribute to the community,
Given that Columbia is well known for its strength in corporate law, the law school offers, for example, a "Deals" course that includes participants from the Columbia Business School and the law school. In addition, the Columbia Business and Law Association (CBLA), the law school's principal student group dedicated to the interaction between law and business, routinely sponsors lectures, workshops, and networking events from traditional areas of interest such as investment banking, management consulting, venture capital, private equity, hedge funds, and entrepreneurship. CBLA also serves as a center for members of the Columbia Law School community interested in many aspects of business law, including corporate governance and securities regulation.[39]
Columbia graduate legal studies program
Columbia offers a Graduate Legal Studies Program, including the
U.S. Supreme Court clerkships
Since 2005, 24 Columbia Law alumni have served as
Facilities
Columbia Law School's main building, Jerome L. Greene Hall, was designed by Wallace Harrison and Max Abramovitz, architects of the United Nations Headquarters and Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts (which for many years served as the site of Columbia Law School's graduation ceremonies). It is located at the intersection of Amsterdam Avenue and West 116th Street. One of the building's defining features is its frontal sculpture, Bellerophon Taming Pegasus, designed by Jacques Lipchitz, symbolizing man's struggle over (his own) wild side/unreason.
In 1996, the law school was given an extensive renovation and expansion by Polshek Partnership (now Ennead Architects), including the addition of a new entrance façade and three story skylit lobby, as well as the expansion of existing space to include an upper-level students' commons, lounge areas, and a café. In the summer of 2008, construction of a new floor in Jerome Greene Hall was completed providing 38 new faculty offices. Other Columbia Law School buildings include William and June Warren Hall, the Jerome Greene Annex (which Jerome Greene's representatives politely declined to have renamed after the building of Jerome Greene Hall), and William C. Warren Hall (or "Little Warren").
Lenfest Hall, the law school's premier residence, opened in August 2003. The hall was named for
The school reported in December 2020 that its Center for Chinese Legal Studies will be named for Hong Yen Chang, the school's first Chinese graduate in 1886, and the country's first Chinese American lawyer.[44]
Employment
According to Columbia Law School's official 2014 ABA-required disclosures, 93.8 percent of the Class of 2014 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment ten months after graduation.[45] Columbia Law School's Law School Transparency under-employment score was 1.6 percent, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2013 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation.[46]
Faculty
Noted faculty of the school include:
- George Bermann
- Barbara Aronstein Black
- Vincent Blasi
- Philip Bobbitt
- Lee Bollinger
- Richard Briffault
- Sarah Cleveland
- Amal Clooney
- John C. Coffee Jr.
- Lori Damrosch
- Michael Doyle
- George P. Fletcher
- Katherine Franke
- Michael Gerrard
- Kent Greenawalt
- Ronald Gilson
- Jane Ginsburg
- Bernard Harcourt
- Olatunde C. Johnson
- Kathryn Judge
- Lina Khan
- Benjamin L. Liebman
- Debra Ann Livingston
- Gerard E. Lynch
- Thomas Merrill
- Gillian E. Metzger
- Joshua Mitts
- Eben Moglen
- Henry Monaghan
- Edward R. Morrison
- Jed S. Rakoff
- Charles Sabel
- William H. Simon
- Peter Strauss
- Eric Talley
- Kendall Thomas
- Christine A. Varney
- Donald Verrilli
- Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw
- Tim Wu
Rankings
Since U.S. News & World Report began ranking law schools in 1987, Columbia Law had always been rated in the top five until 2023, along with Yale, Harvard, and Stanford. U.S. News & World Report consistently places Columbia Law among the top law schools (for both academic reputation and national standing) and most recently ranked Columbia Law 8th (tied with University of Virginia School of Law).[48][49] For 2021, U.S. News & World Report ranks Columbia Law No. 1 for Business/Corporate Law and No. 1 for Contracts/Commercial Law and No. 4 in its Law Firm Recruiters' Ranking of Best Law Schools.[50][51]
According to Columbia Law School's 2021 ABA-required disclosures; 98.3 percent of the Class of 2021 obtained employment within ten months of graduation.[52][45]
Since 2014, the law school has been ranked No. 1 on the
In 2012, Forbes magazine ranked Columbia Law No. 1 for Best Law Schools for Career Prospects as well as No. 1 for Highest Earning Law Graduates.[54][55][56] and QS World University Rankings ranked it the fifth-best law school in the world.[57]
Columbia Law School alumni
Three of the school's graduates have served as
Notable legal academics who are graduates of CLS include
In 2015, the positions of Attorney General of the United States (
CLS alumni are also notable in the arts, business, and elsewhere. For example, civil rights activist, recording artist, and actor
Entrepreneur and former 2020 Presidential candidate Andrew Yang is also an alumnus.[59]
Columbia Law School in popular culture
- Marvel Comics character Matthew Murdock, the alter ego of superhero Daredevil, and his roommate and eventual law partner, Franklin "Foggy" Nelson, attended Columbia Law School.
- On the television show District Attorney Jamie Rossstudied law at Columbia.
- In Body Heat, Edmund Walker (played by Richard Crenna), the wealthy husband of the film's femme fatale, is a Columbia Law School graduate.
- In the film Old School, Dean Gordon Pritchard bribes the student body president by guaranteeing her admission to Columbia Law.
- In the film Just Cause, Law Professor Paul Armstrong, played by Sir Sean Connery, is a Columbia Law graduate.
- In the film Two Weeks Notice, Howard Wade, played by David Haig, asks for a lawyer trained at Columbia Law School.
- On the television show How I Met Your Mother, the character Marshall Eriksen is an Environmental Law graduate of Columbia Law School.
- On The West Wing (S5), Angela (the new head of legislative affairs at the White House) meets Leo to talk about the President's high popularity in polls during the time of his daughter's kidnapping. When Leo says that the President's temporary self-removal from office was a constitutional necessity, Angela comments on the negative political ramifications and tells Leo, "If you want a Constitutional debate, call the Dean of Columbia Law."
- On the television show Raising the Bar, the character Judge Trudy Kessler is a Columbia Law alumna.*
- In the novel Portnoy's Complaint, protagonist Alex Portnoy attended Columbia Law School.
- In the film Veronica Mars (film), protagonist Veronica Mars attended Columbia Law School before returning home to pursue a life as a private investigator.
- On the television show Modern Family, one of the main characters, Mitchell Prichett, is a Columbia Law School graduate.
- In the television series Suits, Rachel Zane is a part-time student of Columbia Law School.
See also
References
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- ^ "Andrew Yang centers presidential bid around 'universal basic income'".
External links
- Official website
- Columbia Law School profile – U.S. News & World Report