Columbian Viceroyalty
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Columbian Viceroyalty Virreinato colombino (Spanish) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1492–1535 | |||||||||
King | | ||||||||
• 1492–1516 | Ferdinand II and Isabella I (first) | ||||||||
• 1516–1526 | Charles I (last) | ||||||||
Viceroy | |||||||||
• 1492–1500 | Christopher Columbus | ||||||||
• 1511–1526 | Diego Columbus | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
1492 | |||||||||
• Annexed by New Spain | 1535 | ||||||||
Currency | Santo Domingo real | ||||||||
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Today part of |
The Columbian Viceroyalty, Viceroyalty of the Indies or First Viceroyalty in the Indies is the name that designates the number of
Origins
The titles and powers over discovered lands granted to Christopher Columbus were entered in the capitulations of Santa Fe agreed on April 17 of 1492. Under them, the
, awarded for the period of his life, and after his death, to be conferred on his heirs or Successors one after the other perpetually:- The title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea over all the islands and the mainland that discovered or won in this sea.
- The titles, always referred to together, of "Governor General".
In addition, other powers and economic prerogatives.
[...]
Firstly, that Your Highnesses, Masters as you are of the said Oceans, hereby and henceforth make Don Christopher Columbus your admiral in all those islands and all that land which, by his hand or industry, may be discovered or won in the said Oceans for the period of his life, and after his death, to be conferred on his heirs or Successors one after the other perpetually with all the privileges and prerogatives attendant thereto, and his successors in the said rank enjoyed them in their districts. ...
Furthermore, that Your Highnesses make the said Don Christopher Columbus your Viceroy and Governor General in all the said islands and land which as said herein he should discover or win in the said Oceans, and that for the government of each and every of them, he should elect three persons for each rank, and that Your Highnesses should take and choose the one who is most suited to your service, so that in this way the lands which Our Lord permits him to find or win in Your Highnesses service may be better ruled.
[...][1]
These titles would be confirmed by the monarchs on his return from his first voyage in May 1493. Of these, the best known in Castile, which paid the most attention both Columbus and the monarchs, was the Admiral.[clarification needed]
History
According to the capitulations of Santa Fe, all lands discovered by Christopher Columbus were part of his viceroyalty:
In his first trip to the
On his second trip in 1493 Christopher Columbus discovered Guadalupe and other islands located on the side of Atlantic Ocean between it and Puerto Rico, where he arrived on 19 November 1493. Later he found Jamaica and explored Cuba. On his return to Spain in 1496 he discovered the Lesser Antilles located on the side of Caribbean Sea between Puerto Rico and Dominica.
On his third trip in 1498 he discovered Trinidad,
The kings sent to the Spanish as pesquisador judge (with government functions) to Francisco de Bobadilla in 1500, which upon arrival (August 23) arrested Columbus and his brothers and sailed Spain, dismissing him from the government. Columbus refused to be removed the shackles around his trip to Spain, during which he wrote a long letter to the Catholic Monarchs. Upon arriving to Spain he regained his freedom, but had lost prestige, its powers and the viceroyalty. Bobadilla was also relieved of his government and replaced by
On his fourth trip, in 1502, he found
Since 1499 the kings authorized other trips of discovery without the authorization of Columbus, including those of Alonso de Ojeda and Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, creating for them governments in the territories they discovered: the governorate Coquibacoa on the coast of Venezuela, except Paria discovered by Columbus was for De Ojeda and Pinzón the governor off the coast of Brazil between the Amazon river and the Cape Holy Mary of Consolation. These governorates were exempted from the Viceroyalty of the Indies.
The Viceroyalty after the death of Columbus
On Christopher Columbus's death his eldest son
During the minority of Luis Colón the transaction occurred and arbitration that ended Columbian Lawsuits with the Spanish crown and in 1537 he received the knighthood of this
References
- ^ MEMORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER - Santa Fe Capitulations. Ref N̊ 2006-42[permanent dead link] Discussion of the historical significance of the document, history, translation of text.
Bibliography
- Dougnac Rodriguez, Antonio (1994). "Capítulo 5: Gobierno, justicia, guerra, y hacienda. Autoridades radicadas en indias" [Chapter 5. Government, justice, war and finance. Authorities resident in the Indies. I. Government of Christopher Columbus (1492-1500) and IV. Government of Diego Columbus (1509-1523)]. Manual de historia del derecho indiano [Manual of History of the Law of the Indies] (in Spanish). National Autonomous University of Mexico. ISBN 968-36-4147-4.
- Ortuño Sánchez-Pedroza, José María (1990). "The first viceroy of the Indies: Christopher Columbus (1492-1506)". Annals of Law, University of Murcia (10). p. 235-250.
- Sánchez Bella, Ismael (1990). "The political organization of Spanish America". Chilena Magazine of History of Law (15). p. 205-217.