Combat support hospital
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A Combat Support Hospital (CSH, pronounced "cash") is a type of modern
From November 2017, the United States Army and United States Army Reserve began reorganizing combat support hospitals into smaller, modular units called "field hospitals".
Facility
The size of a combat support hospital is not limited, since tents can be chained together; it will typically deploy with between 44 and 248 hospital beds, with 44 beds being most common.[1] For patient care the CSH is climate-controlled, and has pharmacy, laboratory, X-Ray (often including a CT Scanner) and dental capabilities (ATP 4-02.5 Casualty Care, May 2013). It provides its own power from generators.
The great operational advantage of the Deployable Medical Systems (DEPMEDS) facility is the use of single or double expanding ISO containers or units to create hard-sided, air conditioned, sterile operating rooms and intensive care facilities, which can produce surgical outcomes similar to that seen in fixed facility hospitals and do so in an austere environment.
Function
Because they are large and relatively difficult to move, combat support hospitals are not the front line of
The CSH is capable of providing definitive care for many cases. Current medical doctrine does not encourage wounded soldiers, if they are not expected to quickly return to operational status, to stay in the combat zone. This is a pragmatic decision as the resources are usually available to bring them home quickly. Military aircraft constantly fly into a theater of operations loaded with equipment and supplies, but often lack a back cargo. Given that adequate "airlift" is usually present, it is easy to evacuate wounded promptly. For this reason, the CSH bed capacity is not as heavily used as in past conflicts.
The CSH will generally have a ground ambulance company attached. This company consists of approximately four platoons of ground ambulances commanded by a Medical Service Corps officer. The ground ambulance company in cooperation with available air ambulances Medical Evacuation (MEDEVAC) is responsible for the movement of sick and wounded from the battalion aid station and other forward-deployed locations to the CSH, as well as evacuation through an established medical treatment chain leading ultimately, for those seriously sick or wounded, to hospitals in the Continental United States in cooperation with resources in the U.S. Air Force.
The CSH is larger than its predecessor, the
A fully staffed CSH has over 600 people when fully staffed 248 beds. The modular nature of the organization allows for partial deployments, and the full unit is not often deployed (ATP 4.02-5 Casualty Care, May 2013).
History and past configurations
In 1973 and 1974, the 28th Surgical Hospital (Mobile) (Army) (MASH) helped phase-in new designs for operating rooms and patient facilities from the previous canvas tents. Since then, all other configurations of army deployable hospitals have been inactivated or reconfigured to the CSH configuration. The last to convert was the 212th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital.[2]
In the mid-1970s the
Under the 1980s "Army of Excellence"
Hospital Centers
- 9th Hospital Center (United States) (Fort Cavazos, Texas) Previously 21st Combat Support Hospital[6]-deployed to New York in response to COVID-19
- 29th Hospital Center (United States) (Joint Base Lewis-McChord) Previously 47th Combat Support Hospital.
Field Hospitals
- 10th Field Hospital (Fort Carson, Colorado) - part of 627th Hospital Center[7]
- 11th Field Hospital (Fort Cavazos, Texas) - Formerly 21st EVAC, redesignated 21st CSH 1992; converted to 11th FH 2019[8] in 2017-2019 assigned to 9th HC.
- 115th Field Hospital (Fort Johnson, Louisiana)
- 131st Field Hospital (Fort Bliss, Texas) - previously 31st Combat Support Hospital, reorganized and redesignated April 2018.[9] 528th Hospital Center also established.
- 147th Field Hospital (Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington – previously 47th Combat Support Hospital, reorganized and redesignated September 2021. 29th Hospital Center also established.
- 586th Field Hospital (Fort Campbell, Kentucky) - ordered to prepare-to-deploy status by March 23, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.[10] converted from 86th CSH and part of 531st Hospital Center. * 586th Field Hospital (Fort Campbell, Kentucky) - traces history to 1928.[11] Reorganized and redesignated on 16 November 1993 as the 86th Combat Support Hospital.
Combat Support Hospitals
- 14th Combat Support Hospital (14th CSH) (Fort Moore, Georgia)
- 28th Combat Support Hospital (Fort Liberty, North Carolina)
- 47th Combat Support Hospital (Fort Lewis, Washington) - by March 23, 2020, ordered to prepare to deploy, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.[12]
- Reserve / National Guard
- 75th Combat Support Hospital (75th CSH) (Tuscaloosa, Alabama)
- 94th Combat Support Hospital (94th CSH) (Seagoville, Texas) (Switching to 394th Field Hospital in 2022)
- 228th Combat Support Hospital (228th CSH) (Fort Sam Houston, Texas)
- 256th Combat Support Hospital (256th CSH) (Twinsburg, Ohio)
- 325th Combat Support Hospital (325th CSH) (Independence, Missouri)
- 328th Combat Support Hospital (328th CSH) (Fort Douglas, Utah)
- 345th Combat Support Hospital (345th CSH) (Jacksonville, FL)
- 349th Combat Support Hospital (349th CSH) (Bell, California)
- 352nd Combat Support Hospital (352nd CSH) (Camp Parks, California)
- 396th Combat Support Hospital (396th CSH) (Vancouver, Washington)
- 399th Combat Support Hospital (399th CSH) (Fort Devens, Massachusetts)
- 405th Combat Support Hospital (405th CSH) (Worcester, Massachusetts)
- 452nd Combat Support Hospital (452nd CSH) (Milwaukee, Wisconsin)
- 801st Combat Support Hospital (801st CSH) (Fort Sheridan, Illinois)
- 865th Combat Support Hospital (865th CSH) (Utica, New York)
- Overseas
- 121st Field Hospital (121st FH) (Camp Humphreys, Pyeongtaek, South Korea) part of 549th Hospital Center
- 502nd Field Hospital (502nd FH) (Camp Humphreys, Pyeongtaek, South Korea) part of 549th Hospital Center
- 212th Combat Support Hospital (212th CSH) (Rhine Ordnance Barracks, Germany)
Former
- Active duty combat support hospitals
- 4th Evacuation Hospital (Fort McClellan, Alabama)[13]
- 5th Combat Support Hospital (5th CSH) (Fort Bragg, North Carolina)
- 16th Combat Support Hospital (16th CSH) (Fort Riley, Kansas)
- 41st Combat Support Hospital (41st CSH) (Fort Sam Houston, Texas)[14]
- 46th Combat Support Hospital (46th CSH) (Fort Devens, Massachusetts)
- 67th Combat Support Hospital (67th CSH) (Germany)
- 128th Combat Support Hospital (128th CSH) (Ludwigsburg, Germany)
- Reserve
- 48th Combat Support Hospital (48th CSH), reorganized to 410th Hospital Center, November 2017 (Fort George G. Meade, Maryland)
- 114th Combat Support Hospital (114th CSH) (Minneapolis, Minnesota)
- 117th Combat Support Hospital, Texas Army National Guard (1976)[15]
- 309th Combat Support Hospital (309th CSH) (Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts)
- 337th Combat Support Hospital (337th CSH) (Indianapolis, Indiana)
- 339th Combat Support Hospital (339th CSH) (Coraopolis, Pennsylvania)
- 344th Combat Support Hospital (344th CSH) (Fort Totten, New York, transferred to Fort Dix, New Jersey)
- 369th Combat Support Hospital (369th CSH) (San Juan, Puerto Rico)
- 376th Combat Support Hospital (376th CSH) (Liverpool, NY)
- 377th Combat Support Hospital (377th CSH) (Chattanooga, Tennessee)
- 401st Combat Support Hospital (401st CSH) (Grand Rapids, Michigan)
- 914th Combat Support Hospital (914th CSH) (Columbus, Ohio)
The Army's
See also
- Military medicine
- 45th Portable Surgical Hospital
- M*A*S*H
- Ibn Sina Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
- Casualty Clearing Station
- List of former United States Army medical units
References
- ^ ATP 4.02-5 Casualty Care, May 2013
- ^ Mraz, Steve (17 October 2006). "Last MASH unit becomes Combat Support Hospital, improves capabilities". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ "EMERGENCY TREATMENT SECTION : Department of Defense : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive". Retrieved 2017-03-28.
- ^ a b Dinackus 2000, p. D-20.
- ^ FM 8-55, Planning for Health Service Support, February 1985
- ^ "9th Hospital Center changes command | Article | The United States Army".
- ^ "Fort Carson".
- ^ "21st Combat Support Hospital | Lineage and Honors | U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH)".
- ^ "131st Field Hospital welcomes first commander, SEA | Article | The United States Army".
- ^ "Medical Units Prepare for Possible COVID-19 Response | AUSA".
- ^ "U.S. Army Center of Military History - Lineage and Honors Information".
- ^ "Medical Units Prepare for Possible COVID-19 Response | AUSA".
- ^ "4th Evacuation Hospital Heraldry". The Institute of Heraldry. Archived from the original on 2023-09-14. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
- ^ "Lineage and Honors - 41st Combat Support Hospital". United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 2016-12-17. Retrieved 2014-02-04.
- ^ Texas Adjutant General Report 1975-76, November 1976
- Dinackus, Thomas D. (2000). Order of Battle: Allied Ground Forces of Operation Desert Storm. Central Point, Oregon: Hellgate Press. Dinackus gives an extensive, authoritative listing of many U.S. Army medical headquarters, formations, and units as of 1990–91, with associated clarifying notes, at pages 2–4, 2–5, 10–6, 10–9, and 10-10.
- History of Deployable Medical Systems (DEPMEDS)
- https://mrmc.amedd.army.mil/index.cfm?pageid=media_resources.articles.army_combat_support_hospitals_converting_to_new_modular_field_hospitals
External links
- Army Combat Support Hospitals Converting to New Modular Field Hospitals' US Army Medical Materials Command
- PBS NOVA: Life and Death in the War Zone
- The Journey, by surgeon E. T. Rulison, Jr., M.D., F.A.C.S., firsthand account and photographs of the 51st Evacuation Hospital during World War II
- The Nurses of the 51st Evac Hospital In WWII, by nurse First Lieutenant Tillie (Horath) Kehrer, firsthand account and photographs of the 51st Evacuation Hospital during World War II
- Author Webcast Interview and Firsthand Account of Rule Number Two: Lessons I Learned in a Combat Hospital based on Dr. Heidi Squier Kraft seven months with a Marine Corps surgical company in Iraq, ISBN 9780316067904
- Lineage and Honors - Hospitals at the United States Army Center of Military History archives