Commelinids

Commelinids
Cock's-foot grass (Dactylis glomerata)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Orders
Arecales Commelinales Poales Zingiberales
Diversity[citation needed]
About 1,420 genera

In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids

The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.

Description

Members of the commelinid clade have

Taxonomy

The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots).^[5] The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.^{[citation needed]}

Takhtajan system

The Takhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of the following:^{[citation needed]}

     subclass Commelinidae
          superorder

                    order Bromeliales
                    order Velloziales
          superorder Pontederianae
                    order Philydrales
                    order Pontederiales
                    order
          superorder
                    order Musales
                    order Lowiales
                    order Zingiberales
                    order
          superorder
                    order Commelinales
                    order Mayacales
                    order
                    order Rapateales
                    order
          superorder Hydatellanae
                    order Hydatellales
          superorder
                    order Juncales
                    order
          superorder Poanae
                    order Flagellariales
                    order Restionales
                    order Centrolepidales
                    order Poales

Cronquist system

The Cronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of the following:^{[citation needed]}

     subclass Commelinidae
          order Commelinales
          order

          order Restionales
          order Juncales
          order
          order Hydatellales
          order Typhales

APG system

The

and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems.

Cladogram 1: The phylogenetic composition of the monocots[9] monocots  131            Acorales Alismatales 122            Petrosaviales 120 Dioscoreales 115 Pandanales 91 Liliales 121 121 Asparagales 120 commelinids 118            Arecales Poales            Zingiberales Commelinales Lilioid monocots Alismatid monocots

Subdivision

The commelinids of APG II (2003) and

clade monocots : clade commelinids: order Arecales (palms) order Commelinales (spiderwort, water hyacinth) order Poales (grasses, rushes, bromeliads) order Zingiberales (gingers, banana)	commelinids Arecales Poales Zingiberales Commelinales
The current phylogeny and composition of the commelinids.[10]

See also

• List of commelinid families

References

Bibliography

• doi:10.1111/boj.12385
  .
• Barrett, Craig F.; Baker, William J.; Comer, Jason R.; Conran, John G.; Lahmeyer, Sean C.; Leebens-Mack, James H.; Li, Jeff; Lim, Gwynne S.; Mayfield-Jones, Dustin R.; Perez, Leticia; Medina, Jesus; Pires, J. Chris; Santos, Cristian; Wm. Stevenson, Dennis; Zomlefer, Wendy B.; Davis, Jerrold I. (January 2016). "Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots". New Phytologist. 209 (2): 855–870.
  PMID 26350789
  .
• Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Clifford, H. T.; Yeo, P. F. (1985). The Families of the Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  ISBN 978-3-540-13655-2
  .
• Harris, P.J.; Hartley, R.D. (1976). "Detection of bound ferulic acid in cell walls of the Gramineae by ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy".
  S2CID 4272319
  .

External links

• Data related to Commelinids
  at Wikispecies
• Media related to Commelinids
  at Wikimedia Commons