Commonwealth Secretariat

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Commonwealth Secretariat
Formation1965; 59 years ago (1965)
PurposePrimary organ of the Commonwealth of Nations
HeadquartersMarlborough House
London, SW1
Patricia Scotland (2016–present)
Parent organisation
The Head of the Commonwealth and
The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM)
Websitewww.thecommonwealth.org

The Commonwealth Secretariat is the main intergovernmental agency and central institution of the Commonwealth of Nations. It is responsible for facilitating co-operation between members; organising meetings, including the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings (CHOGM); assisting and advising on policy development; and providing assistance to countries in implementing the decisions and policies of the Commonwealth.[1]

The Secretariat has observer status in the United Nations General Assembly. It is located at Marlborough House in London, the United Kingdom, a former royal residence that was given by Queen Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth at the time.

History

Marlborough House, London, the headquarters of the Commonwealth Secretariat, the Commonwealth's principal intergovernmental institution

The Secretariat was established by the

Commonwealth Family network of civil societies.[2] Other attempts by members to create similar central bodies, such as a medical conference (proposed by New Zealand), a development bank (Jamaica), and an institution for satellite communications (Canada) failed.[2]

The creation of the Secretariat itself was a contentious issue. The United Kingdom and other long-established countries had hoped to slow the expansion of Commonwealth membership to prevent the dilution of their traditional power within the Commonwealth (particularly after the admission of Cyprus).[2] This may have involved a dual-tiered Commonwealth, requiring the continuation of the organisation of Commonwealth co-operation by meetings, rather than a central administration. However, the new African members were keener to create an independent inter-governmental "central clearing house" (as Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah described it) to remove power from the older dominions.[2] Milton Obote of Uganda was the first to propose a specifically titled "secretariat", which was then formally proposed by Eric Williams of Trinidad and Tobago, who wished to see it based upon the secretariats of the OAS, EEC, and OAU.[2]

Earlier attempts at the formation of a central secretariat had failed. Australia had proposed the establishment four times (in 1907, 1924, 1932, and 1944), whilst New Zealand had also made proposals in 1909 and 1956.[2]

Staff

The chief executive of the Secretariat, and of the Commonwealth as a whole, is the

Patricia Scotland, who replaced Kamalesh Sharma as secretary-general on 1 April 2016.[4]

The secretary-general is assisted by three deputy secretaries-general: one responsible for economic affairs (currently Deodat Maharaj), one for political affairs (Josephine Ojiambo), and one for corporate affairs (Gary Dunn). The secretary-general may appoint junior staff at his own discretion, provided the Secretariat can afford it, whilst the more senior staff may be appointed only from a shortlist of nominations from the Heads of Government.[5] In practice, the secretary-general has more power than this; member governments consult the secretary-general on nominations, and secretaries-general have also at times submitted nominations of their own.[5]

All members of staff are exempt from

income tax, under the International Organisations Act 2005
, which redefined the legal status of the Secretariat.

Headquarters

The Secretariat is headquartered at

Princess Charlotte in 1817.[6]

The

Sumukan Limited v Commonwealth Secretariat. The 1966 Act had been interpreted by English courts as allowing the courts to exercise supervisory jurisdiction under the Arbitration Act 1996 over the Commonwealth's arbitration tribunal, which had been envisaged as the sole organ to arbitrate on matters related to the Secretariat's operations in the United Kingdom.[7] In light of this interpretation, the Commonwealth Secretariat Act was amended by the International Organisations Act 2005, which gave the Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral Tribunal the same legal immunity as the Secretariat itself, guaranteeing independence of the English courts.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Commonwealth Secretariat". Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from the original on 19 August 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
  2. ^
    JSTOR 40203725
    .
  3. ^ "Profile: The Commonwealth". BBC News. Retrieved 16 June 2008.
  4. ^ "'Together we are so much stronger' says Scotland as she becomes new Secretary-General". Commonwealth Secretariat. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  5. ^
    JSTOR 2617133
    .
  6. ^ a b c "The History of Marlborough House". Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from the original on 24 June 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2008.
  7. ^ a b "International Organisations Bill". Parliament of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 16 June 2008.

External links

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