Commune of Rome

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (June 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 5,080 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Comuna de Roma]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|es|Comuna de Roma}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Commune of Rome Comune di Roma
1144–1193
Medieval
• Established	1144
• Disestablished	1193
Preceded by Succeeded by Papal States Papal States

The Commune of Rome (Italian: Comune di Roma) was established in 1144 by Arnold of Brescia^[2][3] after a rebellion led with Giordano Pierleoni. Pierleoni led a people's revolt due to the increasing powers of the Pope and the entrenched powers of the nobility. The goal of the rebellion was to organize the government of Rome in a similar fashion to that of the previous Roman Republic. Pierleoni was named the "first Patrician of the Roman Commune", but was deposed in 1145.^[4]

Papal relationship

In a pattern that was to become familiar in the communal struggles of

In 1149 the Senate invited Conrad III to Rome to be crowned Roman Emperor and restore the Roman Empire, in the tradition of Constantine and Justinian, and against the Pope's agenda. Similarly in 1152 a letter written by an unknown Wezel from Rome to the Frederick Barbarossa insisted that only the Senate had authority to crown the Emperor.[5]

The Pope lived in

In 1188, shortly after his accession, Pope Clement III succeeded in allaying the half-century-old conflict between the popes and the citizens of Rome with the Concord Pact. The Pact allowed citizens to elect magistrates with the power of war and peace. The Prefect was named by the Emperor and the Pope had sovereign rights over his territories.

From 1191 to 1193, under a radical reduction of the number of senators to a single one, the city was ruled by a Benedetto called Carus homo (carissimo) as summus senator, and Rome had the first municipal statute.

After this, the city was again under papal control, although the civil government was never again directly in the hands of the higher nobles or the papacy.

Battles

• 1145 – Battle against
  Tivoli, Italy
  .
• 1167 – Battle of Monte Porzio against Holy Roman Emperor, Tusculum and Albano Laziale.
• 1170 – Destruction of Albano Laziale.
• 1191 – Destruction of Tusculum.

See also

• History of Rome#Roman Commune
• 14 regions of Medieval Rome

References