Commune of the Working People of Estonia
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Estonian Workers' Commune Eesti Töörahva Kommuuna | |
|---|---|
| 1918–1919 | |
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.svg) Location of Estonia in northern Europe. | |
| Status | State of Russian SFSR (until December 7th, 1918)[3] |
| Capital | Narva |
| Common languages | Estonian Russian |
| Government | Soviet republic |
| Chairmana | |
• 1918–1919 | Jaan Anvelt |
| Legislature | Soviet council |
| History | |
• Established | 29 November 1918 |
• Disestablished | 5 June 1919 |
| ISO 3166 code | EE |
| |
The Estonian Workers' CommuneRepublic of Estonia as its territories during the Estonian War of Independence and the Russian Civil War.[6] It was recognised as an independent state only by Russian SFSR on December 7th, 1918.[3]
Establishment and fall
The Commune was established in Narva on 29 November 1918 with the support of the Red Army. It was chaired by Jaan Anvelt for the duration of its existence. Within areas of their control, the Commune closed churches, nationalised industry and the banks[7] and outlawed representatives of the Provisional Government.[8]
The Communist offensive was initially successful and eventually reached as far as 34 kilometres from
.
International recognition
The
Treaty of Tartu concluding the Estonian War of Independence
in 1920.
Massacres
Platon, killed by the winthdrawing
BolsheviksThe regime instituted a reign of terrorPlaton, the priest Sergei Florinski and the pastor Traugott Hahn.[11] Around 500 people were killed in total.[13]
Members of the Commune
- Jaan Anvelt – Chairman of the council and People's Commissar of Defence
- Viktor Kingissepp – People's Commissar of the Interior (actually underground in Estonia, Johannes Käspert acting for him)
- Hans Pöögelmann – Commissioner for the National Economy
- Artur Vallner – People's Commissar of Culture and Public Education
- Johannes Mägi – People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs (from 20 December 1918 Max-Alfred Trakmann) and state control (later Karl Mühlberg)
- Rudolf Vakman – Commissioner for Social Insurance (acting Otto Rästas)
- Johannes Käspert – Executive Secretary of the council
Soviet authorities executed most of the members during the Great Purge.[14]
See also
- Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
- Soviet Republic of Naissaar
- Estonian War of Independence
- Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
- Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
- Finnish Democratic Republic
References
- ^ a b https://www.muis.ee/museaalView/2785195
- ^ a b https://www.google.com/books/edition/Эстонский_флаг_эстонс/1HMWAQAAIAAJ
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-979421-8.
- ISBN 978-0-7735-6285-1.
- ISBN 978-91-87121-83-8.
- Koolibri. p. 261.
- ISBN 9780810865716.
- S2CID 144738999.
- Koolibri, Tallinn1991; p. 263.
- ISBN 0810849046.
- ^ ISBN 1850652333.
- ^ Ammela, Mari-Leen. "Estonian Workers' Commune". estonica.org. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
- ISBN 9985206061.
- ^ Kaljuvee, Ardo (22 September 2007). "Hea kommunist on surnud kommunist" [A good communist is a dead communist]. Eesti Päevaleht (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
Sources
- Szajkowski, Bogdan. The Establishment of Marxist Regimes. London: Butterworths, 1982. p. 21-22. (ISBN 0-408-10834-7)
- "The Baltic States from 1914 to 1923: The First World War and the Wars of Independence" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2007. (1.24 MiB) in Baltic Defence Review, No.8, Volume 2/2002.
External links
- Eesti Töörahva Kommuun [dead link]
- Jaan Anvelt at arhiiv.ee.
- Jaan Anvelt at postimees.ee.
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| National | |
