Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)
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Communist Party of Ukraine | |
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Comintern (1919–1943) Cominform (1947–1956) | |
Colours | Red |
Slogan | "Workers of the world, unite!" |
Anthem | The Internationale |
Party flag | |
The Communist Party of Ukraine (
Founded as the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine (CP(b)U) in 1918 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, it was the sole governing party in Ukraine during its time in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union. While the anti-Bolshevik Ukrainian People's Republic had its own political parties of socialist ideologies, the Communist Party of Ukraine was created out of the party of Russian Bolsheviks in Ukraine known as the RSDRP(b) – Social-Democracy of Ukraine. The party was denied the right to have a separate party statute and was governed by the statute of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1952, the party was renamed as the Communist Party of Ukraine.
Like all other CPSU republican branches, the CPU was committed, in accordance to the CPSU party statute,
Due to efforts of some other communist cells across Ukraine that did not join the Socialist Party, the Communist Party of Ukraine was re-established in 1993 in Russian-speaking Donetsk as a communist political party of independent Ukraine, while joining the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union from Moscow. Some members who joined the Socialist Party, joined the new political entity after its re-establishment, among whom the most notable was Adam Martyniuk. Following sanctions against the party in 1991, the party fell apart in a similar way to its parent organization (the Communist Party of the Soviet Union), having members of such main deviations like Democratic Platform and Interregional Deputy group reorganized into separate political entities. The ban lasted until 2001 and in May 2002, the older party was merged into the 1993 CPU.[6][7] Following the 2014 Revolution of Dignity, all communist parties on the territory of Ukraine were outlawed and banned, with the ideology criminalized.[8]
History
Russian Bolsheviks in Ukraine
The party traces its beginning to committees and party's cells of the
During the
During the 1917
According to
Unlike any other Bolshevik organizations in Ukraine that adopted the
Struggle for establishment of the Soviet power in Ukraine
Following the "
The very next day after the October Revolution, on 8–13 November (26–31 October by old style), 1917 Bolsheviks in Kyiv, who have been headquartered at the
On December 16—18 (3—5 by old style), 1917, the regional congress of the RSDLP(b) of the South-West region was held in Kyiv, and on December 18—19 (5—6), the regional conference of the RSDLP(b) of the Donets-Kryvyi Rih basin was held in Kharkiv. They called on the workers to fight against the
Communist Party of Ukraine
The Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine was created on 5–12 July 1918 in Moscow during the 1st Party Congress. Decisive factor of establishing autonomous branch were conditions of the
Most of its constituent members were former members of the Russian
After the signing of the
During the First Five-Year Plan, the Party took direct responsibility for collectivization of agricultural land and eventually in forced requisitions of grain that led to the deadly Holodomor.[18]
On 13 October 1952, the party officially was renamed as the Communist Party of Ukraine.
On 30 August 1991, the Communist Party was outlawed in Ukraine. Different sectors reconstituted themselves in different parties. One group led by moderate members under Oleksandr Moroz formed the Socialist Party of Ukraine (SPU) out of most of the former members, a group of agrarians led by Serhiy Dovhan and Oleksandr Tkachenko formed the Peasant Party of Ukraine (SelPU), and another group, the Communist Party of Ukraine, was re-created in 1993 in Donetsk under the leadership of Petro Symonenko when the ban was lifted. The remaining members either changed political direction or created their own left-wing parties such as the Vitrenko bloc, Social-Democratic (United) party, and others.
Following the 2014 Revolution of Dignity, all communist parties on the territory of Ukraine were outlawed and banned, with the ideology criminalized.[21]
History of Ukraine |
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Ukraine portal |
Organizational structure
Central Committees
Initial composition of the committee was elected at the
Politburo
The party had its own Politburo created on 6 March 1919. On 25 September 1952 the committee was renamed into the Bureau of the Central Committee (CC) of CP(b)U, and in October the same year as the Bureau of the CC CPU. On 10 October 1952 it became the Presidium of the CC CPU. On 26 June 1966 again the bureau was finally left with its original name as the Politburo of the CC CPU. At first it consisted of five members and later another one was added. The first Politburo included
Orgburo
Along with Politburo the party like its Russian counterpart had its own Orgburo that was created the same day as Politburo.
Party leader
The party was headed by its secretary. The position was highly influential and often was considered to be more important than the head of state (see
Years | Name[23] | Remarks |
---|---|---|
1918 - 1920 | Secretary of Central Committee | |
1920 - 1925 | First Secretary of Central Committee | |
1925 - 1934 | General Secretary of Central Committee | |
1934 - 1991 | First Secretary of Central Committee |
The following list is composed of the secretary of the Central Committee of the party who were the leaders of the Party. The position also was changing names between being called the First Secretary or the General Secretary, depending on a political atmosphere in the Soviet Union. The position was not officially of the head of state, but certainly was very influential, especially within the republic. The longest serving secretary was Vladimir Shcherbitsky with some 17 years as the head of the Communist Party, the second best is split between Stanislav Kosior and Nikita Khrushchev, both of which have 11 years.[citation needed]
Party Congresses and Conferences
There were 28 Congresses with the last one consisting out of two stages. There also were three consolidated conferences of the party from 1926 to 1932.
List of the party congresses and conferences (on equal rights as congresses)
- 1st Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Moscow, 5—12 July 1918
- 2nd Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Moscow, 17—22 October 1918
- 3rd Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 1—6 March 1919
- 4th Conference of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 17—23 March 1920
- 5th Conference of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 17—22 November 1920
- 6th All-Ukrainian Conference of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 9—14 December 1921
- 7th All-Ukrainian Conference of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 6—10 April 1923
- 8th All-Ukrainian Conference of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 12—16 May 1924
- 9th Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 6—12 December 1925
- 10th Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 20—29 November 1927
- 11th Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 5—15 June 1930
- 12th Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 18—23 January 1934
- 13th Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kyiv, 27 May — 3 June 1937
- 14th Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kyiv, 13—18 June 1938
- 15th Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kyiv, 13—17 May 1940
- 16th Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kyiv, 25—28 January 1949
- 17th Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kyiv, 23—27 September 1952
- 18th Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine — Kyiv, 23—26 March 1954
- 19th Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine — Kyiv, 17—21 January 1956
- 20th Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine — Kyiv, 16—17 January 1959
- 21st Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine — Kyiv, 16—19 February 1960
- 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine — Kyiv, 27—30 September 1961
- 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine — Kyiv, 15—18 March 1966
- 24th Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine — Kyiv, 17—20 March 1971
- 25th Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine — Kyiv, 10—13 February 1976
- 26th Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine — Kyiv, 10—12 February 1981
- 27th Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine — Kyiv, 6—8 February 1986
- 28th Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine — Kyiv, 19—23 June 1990 (first stage), 13—14 December 1990 (second stage)
List of the party conferences
- 1st Conference of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 17—21 October 1926
- 2nd Conference of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 9—14 April 1929
- 3rd Conference of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 6—9 July 1932
Party newspapers
Central newspapers
- Silski Visti (1920–1991)
- Ukrayina Moloda(1991)
Regional newspapers
- Bilshovyk Poltavshchyny (1917-1941)
See also
- First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine
- Handbook on history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898–1991
- Institute of History of the Party
- All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets
Notes
- ^ a b Due to russification of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia does not differentiate between two homonymic words in both languages (Russian and Ukrainian) that have different semantics. The Russian word for people "chelovek" (Russian: человек) (person, human) looks as it was adopted in Ukrainian here as [male] "cholovik" (Ukrainian: чоловік) (man, guy). Given estimation for men, possibly includes estimation for people in whole if Russian was used.
- ^ a b c d e f Bosch, Ye., page 11
- ^ a b Bosch, Ye., page 12
- ^ Bosch, Ye., page 22
References
- ^ Melnychenko, V. The First Congress of the CP(b) of Ukraine (ПЕРШИЙ З'ЇЗД КП(Б) УКРАЇНИ). Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia (leksika.com.ua).
- ^ a b c d e f Pyrih, R. Communist Party of Ukraine, the Soviet period (КОМУНІСТИЧНА ПАРТІЯ УКРАЇНИ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ДОБИ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2007
- ^ УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДІЇ ВЕРХОВНОЇ РАДИ УКРАЇНИ «Про тимчасове припинення діяльності Компартії України»
- Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 30 August 1991
- ^ Pyrih, R. Communist Party of Ukraine of Soviet period (Комуністична партія України Радянської доби). Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine.
- ^ Леонида Кучму исключили из партии
- ^ Президент Украины Леонид Кучма, бывший президент Леонид Кравчук и экс-спикер парламента Иван Плющ исключены из рядов Компартии Украины
- ^ The Communist Party of Ukraine statute (Статут Комуністичної партії України) Archived 14 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Communist Party of Ukraine (www.kpu.ua)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Yurchuk, V., Kuras, I. Communist Party of Ukraine (КОМУНІСТИЧНА ПАРТІЯ УКРАЇНИ). Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia.
- ^ Brian Becker. From inter-imperialist war to global class war: Understanding distinct stages of imperialism. Liberation School. 20 July 2018
- ^ First Imperialist War. Living Marxism.
- ^ The First Imperialist. The critical review of the official version (Первая империалистическая. Критика официальной версии). KPRF.ru. 2 August 2018
- ^ Aleksandr Gorianin. About actual characteristics of the World War I: imperialist or what other? (О действительном характере Первой Мировой войны: империалистическая или какая-то иная?). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 19 February 1997
- ^ a b c d Kulchytskyi, S. The Lenin's April Theses (КВІТНЕВІ ТЕЗИ В.ЛЕНІНА). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2007
- ^ Центральный Комитет, избранный I-м съездом КП(б) Украины 12.7.1918, члены.
- ^ Yefimenko, H. Creation of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine (Створення Комуністичної партії (більшовиків) України) Archived 28 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine. V tsei den istorii. 5 July 2018
- ^ Yefimenko, H. To the Soviet Russia. How the Ukrainian Communists "incorrect direction" were electing (До совітської Росії. Як комуністи України "неправильний напрям" обрали) Archived 23 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine. DS News. 22 October 2018
- OCLC 688506397.
- ^ Коммунистическая партия Украины
- ^ Про зміни і доповнення Конституції (Основного Закону) Української РСР
- ^ The Communist Party of Ukraine statute (Статут Комуністичної партії України) Archived 14 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Communist Party of Ukraine (www.kpu.ua)
- Handbook on history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898–1991.
- Handbook on history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898–1991.
Further reading
- J. Borys (1980). The Sovietization of Ukraine 1917-1923: the Communist doctrine and practice of national self-determination, rev edn (Edmonton 1980)
- Krawchenko, B. (ed). Ukraine after Shelest (Edmonton 1983)
- Lewytzkyj, B. Politics and Society in Soviet Ukraine, 1953–1980 (Edmonton 1984)
- Kuzio, T. Ukraine: Perestroika to Independence, (Edmonton 1994; 2nd edn New York 2000)
- A. Adams (1963). Bolsheviks in the Ukraine
- ISBN 978-5-4458-3299-7(in Russian)
- Savchenko, Viktor (2006). Twelve wars for Ukraine. (Двенадцать войн за Украину). "Folio". Kharkiv, 2006. (in Russian)
- In the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Ukraine // The Soviet Multinational State. Edited ByMartha B. Olcott, Lubomyr Hajda, Anthony Olcott. Routledge, 1990. ISBN 9781315494456
External links
- Dmitricheva, O., Rakhmanin, S. Ukraine partisan. Part IV. Communist. Mirror Weekly. 1 March 2002.
- Shurkhalo, D. How 100 years ago in Moscow was created the CP(b)U (Як 100 років тому у Москві створили КП(б)У). Radio Liberty. 12 August 2018
- Personnel composition of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) – Communist Party of Ukraine (Персональный состав Центрального комитета КП(б) - КП Украины). Handbook on history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898–1991(www.knowbysight.info).
- Communist Party of Ukraine. Encyclopedia of Ukraine. (in English)
- Project: According to the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Ukraine SIG (www.jewishgen.org).