Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the post-Soviet banned party, see Communist Party of Ukraine and Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed).
Not to be confused with
Ukrainian Communist Party (Borotbists)
.

Communist Party of Ukraine
Colours  Red
Slogan"Workers of the world, unite!"
AnthemThe Internationale
Party flag
Politics of Ukraine
Constitution
Government
Elections
  • Presidential:
    1991
  • Parliamentary:
    1990
  • Referendums:
    1991 (December)

The Communist Party of Ukraine (

union republics) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).[2]

Founded as the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine (CP(b)U) in 1918 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, it was the sole governing party in Ukraine during its time in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union. While the anti-Bolshevik Ukrainian People's Republic had its own political parties of socialist ideologies, the Communist Party of Ukraine was created out of the party of Russian Bolsheviks in Ukraine known as the RSDRP(b) – Social-Democracy of Ukraine. The party was denied the right to have a separate party statute and was governed by the statute of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1952, the party was renamed as the Communist Party of Ukraine.

Like all other CPSU republican branches, the CPU was committed, in accordance to the CPSU party statute,

coup d'état" [in Moscow].[4][5] From the parliamentary faction of the Communist Party, following its 1991 prohibition, the Socialist Party of Ukraine
was created.

Due to efforts of some other communist cells across Ukraine that did not join the Socialist Party, the Communist Party of Ukraine was re-established in 1993 in Russian-speaking Donetsk as a communist political party of independent Ukraine, while joining the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union from Moscow. Some members who joined the Socialist Party, joined the new political entity after its re-establishment, among whom the most notable was Adam Martyniuk. Following sanctions against the party in 1991, the party fell apart in a similar way to its parent organization (the Communist Party of the Soviet Union), having members of such main deviations like Democratic Platform and Interregional Deputy group reorganized into separate political entities. The ban lasted until 2001 and in May 2002, the older party was merged into the 1993 CPU.[6][7] Following the 2014 Revolution of Dignity, all communist parties on the territory of Ukraine were outlawed and banned, with the ideology criminalized.[8]

History

See also: Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets and All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets

Russian Bolsheviks in Ukraine

The party traces its beginning to committees and party's cells of the

Nikolayev committees, brought together around itself Bolshevik organizations of the South, conducted great deal of work in preparation to the 3rd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1905.[9]

During the

Zaporizhia), Kharkiv.[9] Kyiv, Mykolaiv and many other cities were covered with strike action.[9] In course of the revolution the RSDLP organizations in Ukraine grew significantly and in 1907 they were accounted for over 20,000 men.[9][a]
Organizers and leaders of party's activities during this time were Comrade Artyom (
social chauvinism and revolutionary defeatism."[9]

During the 1917

Nicholas II's abdication led a struggle for the masses against whom communists named as conciliators and bourgeois nationalists.[9] The process of differentiation of the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks in the joint organizations of the RSDLP intensified and as well as the process of creation of independent Bolshevik organizations that in July 1917 accounted for around 33,000 men.[9][a]

According to

Central Council of Ukraine on 18 – 20 April [O.S. 5 – 7 April] 1917.[c] The most important role for the organization was participation in the 1 May street demonstration to the point that the Bolsheviks decided to conducted own one in spite that the event was already organized by the Soviet of Workers' Deputies.[c]

Unlike any other Bolshevik organizations in Ukraine that adopted the

Yurii Pyatakov and who had other thought, did not dare to oppose Vladimir Lenin.[14]

Struggle for establishment of the Soviet power in Ukraine

Following the "

Petrograd, at the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets among its delegates, there were 65 Bolsheviks from Ukraine.[9]

The very next day after the October Revolution, on 8–13 November (26–31 October by old style), 1917 Bolsheviks in Kyiv, who have been headquartered at the

Sovnarkom published its manifesto to the all population "About struggle with counter-revolutionary insurgency of Kaledin, Kornilov, Dutov, and supported by the Central Rada (О борьбе с контрреволюционным восстанием Каледина, Корнилова, Дутова, поддерживаемым Центральной Радой)
".

On December 16—18 (3—5 by old style), 1917, the regional congress of the RSDLP(b) of the South-West region was held in Kyiv, and on December 18—19 (5—6), the regional conference of the RSDLP(b) of the Donets-Kryvyi Rih basin was held in Kharkiv. They called on the workers to fight against the

Ukrainian Central Council
.

Communist Party of Ukraine

See also: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine was created on 5–12 July 1918 in Moscow during the 1st Party Congress. Decisive factor of establishing autonomous branch were conditions of the

Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party
.

Most of its constituent members were former members of the Russian

Antonov-Ovseyenko expeditionary forces of Petrograd and Moscow Red Guards instigated a civil war in Ukraine by routing local Red Guards. Some Ukrainian politicians from left faction of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party (also known as Left Ukrainian Social Democrats or unofficially as "Ukrainian Bolsheviks") joined the Bolsheviks in January 1918.[17]

After the signing of the

Soviet-Ukrainian War and the Ukrainian War of Independence, in which the Ukrainian People's Republic
would ultimately lose to the Russians, with the territory of Ukraine included in the Soviet Russia and then Soviet Union.

During the First Five-Year Plan, the Party took direct responsibility for collectivization of agricultural land and eventually in forced requisitions of grain that led to the deadly Holodomor.[18]

On 13 October 1952, the party officially was renamed as the Communist Party of Ukraine.

Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR.[20]

On 30 August 1991, the Communist Party was outlawed in Ukraine. Different sectors reconstituted themselves in different parties. One group led by moderate members under Oleksandr Moroz formed the Socialist Party of Ukraine (SPU) out of most of the former members, a group of agrarians led by Serhiy Dovhan and Oleksandr Tkachenko formed the Peasant Party of Ukraine (SelPU), and another group, the Communist Party of Ukraine, was re-created in 1993 in Donetsk under the leadership of Petro Symonenko when the ban was lifted. The remaining members either changed political direction or created their own left-wing parties such as the Vitrenko bloc, Social-Democratic (United) party, and others.

Following the 2014 Revolution of Dignity, all communist parties on the territory of Ukraine were outlawed and banned, with the ideology criminalized.[21]

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Ukrania quae et Terra Cosaccorum cum vicinis Walachiae, Moldoviae, Johann Baptiste Homann (Nuremberg, 1720)
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Organizational structure

Central Committees

Main article: Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)

Initial composition of the committee was elected at the

Yan Hamarnik (Yakov Pudikovich), Dmitriy Lebed, Mikhail Mayorov (Meyer Biberman), Mykola Skrypnyk, Petro Slynko, Yakov Yakovlev
(Epshtein). On 9 September 1918 Mayorov and Slynko replaced Kertvelishvili and Farbman as full members, while the last two lost their membership. During
Leonid Korniets
, Oleksiy Fedorov, and others.

Politburo

The party had its own Politburo created on 6 March 1919. On 25 September 1952 the committee was renamed into the Bureau of the Central Committee (CC) of CP(b)U, and in October the same year as the Bureau of the CC CPU. On 10 October 1952 it became the Presidium of the CC CPU. On 26 June 1966 again the bureau was finally left with its original name as the Politburo of the CC CPU. At first it consisted of five members and later another one was added. The first Politburo included

Stanislav Kosior
, all centrists. From 23 March until 15 April 1920 there was elected a Provisional Bureau which the next day was ratified by the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

Orgburo

Along with Politburo the party like its Russian counterpart had its own Orgburo that was created the same day as Politburo.

Party leader

Main article: First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine

The party was headed by its secretary. The position was highly influential and often was considered to be more important than the head of state (see

Ukrainian SSR
).

Years Name[23] Remarks
1918 - 1920 Secretary of Central Committee
1920 - 1925 First Secretary of Central Committee
1925 - 1934 General Secretary of Central Committee
1934 - 1991 First Secretary of Central Committee

The following list is composed of the secretary of the Central Committee of the party who were the leaders of the Party. The position also was changing names between being called the First Secretary or the General Secretary, depending on a political atmosphere in the Soviet Union. The position was not officially of the head of state, but certainly was very influential, especially within the republic. The longest serving secretary was Vladimir Shcherbitsky with some 17 years as the head of the Communist Party, the second best is split between Stanislav Kosior and Nikita Khrushchev, both of which have 11 years.[citation needed]

Party Congresses and Conferences

There were 28 Congresses with the last one consisting out of two stages. There also were three consolidated conferences of the party from 1926 to 1932.

List of the party congresses and conferences (on equal rights as congresses)

List of the party conferences

Party newspapers

Central newspapers

Regional newspapers

  • Bilshovyk Poltavshchyny (1917-1941)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Due to russification of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia does not differentiate between two homonymic words in both languages (Russian and Ukrainian) that have different semantics. The Russian word for people "chelovek" (Russian: человек) (person, human) looks as it was adopted in Ukrainian here as [male] "cholovik" (Ukrainian: чоловік) (man, guy). Given estimation for men, possibly includes estimation for people in whole if Russian was used.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Bosch, Ye., page 11
  3. ^ a b Bosch, Ye., page 12
  4. ^ Bosch, Ye., page 22

References

  1. ^ Melnychenko, V. The First Congress of the CP(b) of Ukraine (ПЕРШИЙ З'ЇЗД КП(Б) УКРАЇНИ). Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia (leksika.com.ua).
  2. ^ a b c d e f Pyrih, R. Communist Party of Ukraine, the Soviet period (КОМУНІСТИЧНА ПАРТІЯ УКРАЇНИ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ДОБИ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2007
  3. ^ УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДІЇ ВЕРХОВНОЇ РАДИ УКРАЇНИ «Про тимчасове припинення діяльності Компартії України»
  4. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
    . 30 August 1991
  5. ^ Pyrih, R. Communist Party of Ukraine of Soviet period (Комуністична партія України Радянської доби). Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine.
  6. ^ Леонида Кучму исключили из партии
  7. ^ Президент Украины Леонид Кучма, бывший президент Леонид Кравчук и экс-спикер парламента Иван Плющ исключены из рядов Компартии Украины
  8. ^ The Communist Party of Ukraine statute (Статут Комуністичної партії України) Archived 14 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Communist Party of Ukraine (www.kpu.ua)
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Yurchuk, V., Kuras, I. Communist Party of Ukraine (КОМУНІСТИЧНА ПАРТІЯ УКРАЇНИ). Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia.
  10. ^ Brian Becker. From inter-imperialist war to global class war: Understanding distinct stages of imperialism. Liberation School. 20 July 2018
  11. ^ First Imperialist War. Living Marxism.
  12. ^ The First Imperialist. The critical review of the official version (Первая империалистическая. Критика официальной версии). KPRF.ru. 2 August 2018
  13. ^ Aleksandr Gorianin. About actual characteristics of the World War I: imperialist or what other? (О действительном характере Первой Мировой войны: империалистическая или какая-то иная?). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 19 February 1997
  14. ^ a b c d Kulchytskyi, S. The Lenin's April Theses (КВІТНЕВІ ТЕЗИ В.ЛЕНІНА). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2007
  15. ^ Центральный Комитет, избранный I-м съездом КП(б) Украины 12.7.1918, члены.
  16. ^ Yefimenko, H. Creation of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine (Створення Комуністичної партії (більшовиків) України) Archived 28 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine. V tsei den istorii. 5 July 2018
  17. ^ Yefimenko, H. To the Soviet Russia. How the Ukrainian Communists "incorrect direction" were electing (До совітської Росії. Як комуністи України "неправильний напрям" обрали) Archived 23 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine. DS News. 22 October 2018
  18. OCLC 688506397
    .
  19. ^ Коммунистическая партия Украины
  20. ^ Про зміни і доповнення Конституції (Основного Закону) Української РСР
  21. ^ The Communist Party of Ukraine statute (Статут Комуністичної партії України) Archived 14 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Communist Party of Ukraine (www.kpu.ua)
  22. Handbook on history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898–1991
    .
  23. Handbook on history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898–1991
    .

Further reading

Main article: Bibliography of Ukrainian history
See also: List of Slavic studies journals

External links
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