Comparison of file transfer protocols

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This article lists communication protocols that are designed for file transfer over a telecommunications network.

Protocols for shared file systems—such as 9P and the Network File System—are beyond the scope of this article, as are file synchronization protocols.

Protocols for packet-switched networks

A

IP protocol suite
.

They use one of two

protocol
(s) the transfer protocol uses at the transport layer. Some protocols designed to transmit data over UDP also use a TCP port for oversight.

The "

FASP, and Tsunami
—listen on a "control port" or "command port", at which they receive commands from the client.

Similarly, the encryption scheme indicated in the "Encryption" column applies to transmitted data only, and not to the authentication system.

Overview

Color key:     
Proposed Standard     Internet Draft
Protocol Original author First published Protocol suite Standard Refs
Full name Abbreviation
Background Intelligent Transfer Service BITS Microsoft 2001 No [1]
BitTorrent
BT
Bram Cohen 2001 No [2]
CCSDS File Delivery Protocol CFDP 2002
CCSDS 727.0-B-5
Cross File Transfer CFT No
Ether File Transfer Protocol
EFTP John Shoch 1979 PARC Universal Packet No [3][4]
Fast and Secure Protocol
FASP
Ying Xu, Michelle Munson, Serban Simu 2007 No [5]
File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport FLUTE Internet Society 2004
RFC 6726
[6]
File Service Protocol FSP Wen-King Su 1991 No [7][8]
File Transfer Access and Management
FTAM
File Transfer Protocol
FTP
Abhay Bhushan 1971 Internet protocol suite
RFC 959
[9]
FTP Secure
FTPS Internet Society 1997 Internet protocol suite
RFC 2228, 4217
[10][11]
HTTP Secure
HTTPS Taher Elgamal et al. 1995 Internet protocol suite
RFC 7230
[12][13]
Host Unix Linkage File Transfer HULFT ? 1993 No
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTP Tim Berners-Lee et al. 1991 Internet protocol suite
RFC 7231
[14][15]
Micro Transport Protocol
μTP
Stanislav Shalunov, Arvid Norberg, Bram Cohen
2007 No [16][17]
Multicast Dissemination Protocol MDP No
Multicast File Transfer Protocol MFTP C. Kenneth Miller et al. 1995 IETF Draft (1998) [18]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol NORM
RFC 5740
Odette File Transfer Protocol
OFTP Organisation for Data Exchange by Tele Transmission in Europe 1986 X.25
RFC 6726
[19]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2
OFTP2 Organisation for Data Exchange by Tele Transmission in Europe 2007 X.25, Internet protocol suite
RFC 5024
(V1.3)
[20]
Reliable Blast UDP RBUDP Eric He et al. 2002 No [21]
Remote copy
rcp
? 1982 Internet protocol suite No [22]
Secure copy
SCP
Tatu Ylönen ? Secure Shell No [23]
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol
S-HTTP
IETF Web Transaction Security Working Group 1999
RFC 2660
[24]
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer SAFT Ulli Horlacher 1995 No [25][26]
Simple File Transfer Protocol
SFTP
Mark K. Lottor 1984
RFC 913
[27]
SSH file transfer protocol
SFTP
Tatu Ylönen c. 1997 Secure Shell IETF Draft (2006) [28]
T.127
T.127
ITU[29] 1995 [30]
ITU T.127
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TFTP
Noel Chiappa 1980 Internet protocol suite
RFC 1350
[31]
Tsunami UDP Protocol Tsunami Mark Meiss et al. 2002 No [32][33]
Tus open protocol for resumable file uploads tus Felix Geisendörfer, Marius Kleidl et al. 2014 No [34][35]
UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol UDT Yunhong Gu 2004 No
UDP-based File Transfer Protocol
UFTP Dennis Bush 2001 No [36]
Unix-to-Unix Copy
UUCP Mike Lesk 1979 No
Warp Speed Data Transfer WDT Laurent Demailly et al. 2015 No [37]

Features

The "Managed" column indicates whether the protocol is designed for managed file transfer (MFT). MFT protocols prioritise secure transmission in industrial applications that require such features as auditable transaction records, monitoring, and end-to-end data security. Such protocols may be preferred for electronic data interchange.[38]

Protocol Encryption
(data)
Transfer
resuming
Multicast
capable
Managed Refs
BITS Optional TLS / AES-128[a] Yes No No
BitTorrent
None[b] Yes Peer-to-peer No [39][40]
CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) Yes No No
Cross File Transfer (CFT)
SSL
Yes [41][42]
Ether File Transfer Protocol (EFTP
)
None ? No No [43]
FASP
)
AES-128
Yes No [44][45][46]
File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) Optional/Unspecified[c] No Yes [47][48][49]
File Service Protocol (FSP) None Yes No No [50][51]
File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM
)
?[d] [52]
FTP
)
None Yes[e] No No [53][54][55][56][57]
FTP Secure (FTPS
)
SSL
Yes No No
HTTP Secure (HTTPS
)
SSL
Yes No No [15][58][59]
Host Unix Linkage File Transfer (HULFT) AES ? No [60][61][62][63]
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP
)
None
(see
S-HTTP
)
Yes No No [15][64]
μTP
)
None Yes Peer-to-peer No [16]
Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) None Yes Yes [65][66]
Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP) None Yes Yes No [67][68]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (NORM) IPsec Yes Yes [69][70]
Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP
)
None Yes [19]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2 (OFTP2
)
TLS Yes [20]
Reliable Blast UDP (RBUDP) None No No [21][71][72]
rcp
)
None No No No [73]
SCP
)
Secure Shell No No No
S-HTTP
)
CMS / MOSS / other No No No [74]
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (SAFT) PGP ? No No [25][26][75]
SFTP
)
None Yes No No [76]
SFTP
)
Secure Shell Yes No No [77]
T.127
None Yes Yes No [78][79][80]
TFTP
)
None No No No [81]
Tsunami UDP Protocol None No No No [82][83]
Tus open protocol for resumable file uploads (tus) Optional/Unspecified[f] Yes No No [34][35]
UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol (UDT) Experimental No No No [83][84][85]
UDP-based File Transfer Protocol (UFTP
)
3DES / DES[g]
Yes Yes No [83][36][86]
Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP
)
None Some[h] No No [87][88]
Warp Speed Data Transfer (WDT)
AES-128 (OFB / CTR
)
Yes No No [89][90][91]
  1. ^ TLS when BITS is used with HTTPS, AES-128 when used with SMB 3, none with HTTP or SMB version below 3.0
  2. ^ Some implementations can obfuscate traffic using RC4 et al. See BitTorrent protocol encryption.
  3. IPSec
    as one option.
  4. ^ One implementation, Fujitsu openFT, applies AES.
  5. ^ RFC 1123 (1989) extends and corrects the provisions for restart/resume that were published in RFC 959 (1985). RFC 3659 (2007) provides for resuming in stream mode.
  6. ^ It's recommended to use HTTPS provided by a webserver, proxy, or SSL terminator.
  7. ^ These are the options in the reference implementation, which uses OpenSSL.
  8. ^ The BNU implementation of UUCP can resume an interrupted file transfer.

Ports

In the table below, the data port is the

network port
or range of ports through which the protocol transmits file data. The control port is the port used for the dialogue of commands and status updates between client and server.

The column "Assigned by IANA" indicates whether the port is listed in the Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry, which is curated by the

transport protocol
. The table below lists the transport protocol in the "Transport" column.

Protocol Data port Control port Assigned
by
IANA
Assignee Refs
Server Client Transport Server Client Transport
BITS 80/443[a] / 137-139[b] TCP / UDP No
BitTorrent 6881[c] 6881 TCP 6881 6881 TCP No [92]
CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP)
Cross File Transfer (CFT) 1761[d] TCP / X.25 [41][42]
Ether File Transfer Protocol (EFTP
)
None None
FASP
)
≥33001 UDP 22 TCP No [92]
File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) 4001 UDP No [92]
File Service Protocol (FSP) Chosen by user[e] UDP No [92]
File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM
)
4800 / 102 TCP [93]
FTP
)
Active mode 20 20 TCP[f] 21 ≥1024 TCP Yes Jon Postel [92]
Passive mode ≥1024[g] ≥1024
FTP Secure (FTPS
)
989 TCP 990 TCP Yes Christopher Allen [92]
HTTP Secure (HTTPS
)
443 TCP TCP Yes
IESG
[92]
Host Unix Linkage File Transfer (HULFT) 30000 TCP TCP No [92]
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP
)
80 TCP TCP Yes Tim Berners-Lee [92]
μTP
)
UDP No [92]
Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) Chosen by user UDP [94][66]
Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP) 5402 UDP Yes Steve Bannister [92]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (NORM) UDP [69][70]
Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP
)
3305 TCP / X.25 TCP / X.25 [19]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2 (OFTP2
)
6619 TCP / X.25 TCP / X.25 [20]
Reliable Blast UDP (RBUDP) Chosen by user UDP No [92]
rcp
)
514 TCP TCP Yes [92]
SCP
)
22 TCP TCP Yes [92]
S-HTTP
)
80 TCP TCP No [92]
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (SAFT) 487 TCP Yes Ulli Horlacher [92]
SFTP
)
115 TCP TCP Yes Mark Lottor [92]
SFTP
)
22 TCP TCP Yes [92]
T.127
1503 TCP TCP Yes Jim Johnston [92]
TFTP
)
69 UDP Yes David Clark [92]
Tsunami UDP Protocol Chosen by user UDP TCP No [92]
Tus open protocol for resumable file uploads (tus) 80[h] TCP TCP No [92]
UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol (UDT) Chosen by server UDP No [92]
UDP-based File Transfer Protocol (UFTP
)
1044 UDP No [92]
Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP
)
540 TCP TCP Yes [92]
Warp Speed Data Transfer (WDT) Chosen by server or by user TCP TCP No [92]
  1. ^ When used with HTTP/HTTPS, configurable
  2. ^ When used with SMB
  3. ^ Typically, if port 6881 is unavailable as a listening port, the peer incrementally tries 6882–6889. Another port may be specified in software.
  4. IANA
    .
  5. ^ UDP port 21 is sometimes chosen for FSP.
  6. RFC 959
    .
  7. ^ The server listens on TCP port 21 (the control port), and the client sends commands to this port from a random port above 1023. To transfer data in active mode, the server initiates a connection from port 20 to the client at the randomly selected port number.
    In passive mode, the client uses a random port above 1023 as a control port, and from this initiates file transfer. The server sends or receives data from a randomly selected port above 1023, and the client sends or receives data from one port number above its own randomly selected control port.
  8. ^ Can be chosen by user, but layers on top of HTTP(S) so often 80/443

Serial protocols

A 9-pin to 25-pin RS-232 adapter cable

The following protocols were designed for

TCP/IP, including on connections secured by SSL, SSH, or Kerberos). OBject EXchange is a protocol for binary object wireless transfer via the Bluetooth
standard. Bluetooth was conceived as a wireless replacement for RS-232.

Overview

Protocol Author First released License Description Refs
BiModem Erik Labs 1989 Bi-directional transfers.
BLAST
Communications Research Group
1981 Powerful protocol originating on the Data General Nova minicomputer, and then ported to micros and mainframes. [95]
C-MODEM Lavio Pareschi 1989 Packet lengths from 32 to 4096 bytes, optional (but normally used) streaming mode.
B protocol CompuServe 1981 Offered file transfer as well as a command stream.
JMODEM Richard B. Johnson ? XMODEM derivative with blocks from 512 to 8192 bytes and RLE compression.
HS/Link Samuel H. Smith 1991
Kermit Frank da Cruz et al. 1981 Open Source (BSD) as of 2011 Transport- and platform-independent transfer of text and binary files across full- or half-duplex connections with conversion of text file formats and character sets. [96]
LeechModem Sam Brown ? Variations of X and Y that faked failed downloads in order to avoid BBS download quotas.
Lynx Matthew Thomas 1989 Similar to Kermit: 64-byte packets, 2 to 16 packets per window, CRC-32. Little or no support outside the Lynx program itself.
NMODEM
L. B. Neal 1990 Essentially XMODEM-CRC with 2048 byte blocks.
OBEX File Transfer Protocol ? ? A synchronous file transfer protocol in the OBject EXchange (OBEX) Bluetooth profile.
OBEX Push ? ? An asynchronous file transfer protocol in the OBject EXchange (OBEX) Bluetooth profile. [97]
Punter Steve Punter ? Suite of similar-but-different XMODEM-like protocols for various Commodore machines.
SEAlink Thom Henderson 1986 A MODEM7/XMODEM-compatible protocol with sliding window support developed to avoid
packet networks
.
[98][99][100]
SMODEM Arisoft ?
TMODEM Mike Bryeans ?
UUCP Mike Lesk 1979 Suite of protocols for copying files between Unix machines, used for many purposes including the distribution of email. Also allows commands to be sent, which led to the first
internet worms
. The file transfer protocol within UUCP is the "g" protocol.
[101]
MODEM7
Mark M. Zeigler, James K. Mills 1980 Slight extension of XMODEM to add filename support and batch transfers. [102]
XMODEM Ward Christensen 1977 Public domain Very simple protocol that saw widespread use and provided the pattern for many following protocols. [103]
WXMODEM
Peter Boswell 1986 Public domain Version of XMODEM with sliding windows for higher performance. [104][105]
YMODEM Chuck Forsberg 1985 Public domain Series of optional expansions on XMODEM for higher performance. [104]
ZMax Mike Bryeans c. 1991 Modifications to ZMODEM to allow packets up to 32 kB in length.
ZMODEM Chuck Forsberg 1986 Public domain Streaming protocol that forsakes XMODEM compatibility but offers a wide variety of new features and improved performance. Became almost universal on BBS systems in the early 1990s. [104]

Features

Protocol Data block size
(bytes)
Data
compression
Error detection
Transfer
resuming
Bidirectional
Sliding window
Refs
BiModem Yes
BLAST 84 - 1024+ RLE CRC Yes Yes Yes [106]
C-MODEM 32–4096 CRC Yes
B protocol 128–2048 CRC32 / CRC16 / 8-bit checksum Yes Yes
JMODEM 64–8192 RLE
HS/Link
CRC32
Yes Yes
Kermit ≤9024 (negotiated) RLE (run length encoding, negotiated)
CRC16
(negotiated)
Yes (binary files only, negotiated) No Over
full-duplex
only (negotiated)
[107]
LeechModem
Lynx RLE CRC32 Yes
NMODEM
2048
OBject EXchange
Punter
SEAlink Yes Yes
SMODEM Yes
Tmodem
No
UUCP "g" ≤4096 No No [108][109]
MODEM7
128 No Checksum Stop-and-wait ARQ
XMODEM 128 No Checksum Stop-and-wait ARQ
WXMODEM
≤512 Yes
YMODEM 1024 No
CRC16
ZMax ≤~32,768 CRC32
ZMODEM 256 / 1024 No CRC32 Yes Yes

See also

Notes

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References

Further reading