Computed tomography dose index
The computed tomography dose index (CTDI) is a commonly used radiation exposure index in
Definitions
Because CT scanners typically acquire multiple slices during a single rotation with a single beam, the CTDI is calculated by integrating over the dose profile for a single axial rotation, then dividing by the nominal beam width:[4]
where is the number of slices acquired per single axial rotation, is the width of a single acquired slice (and thus is the nominal beam width) and is the
This measurement is most often made using a 100-mm standard pencil dose chamber as this is representative of a typical scan length:
.
The absorbed dose to water (used to refer back to patient dose) is typically measured in a cylindrical head (16 cm diameter) or body (32 cm diameter) phantom of length approximately 14–15 cm.[2]
The dose distribution imparted by a CT scan is much more homogeneous than that imparted by radiography, but is still somewhat larger near the skin than in the centre of the body. The weighted CTDI was introduced to account for this:[5]
using measurements acquired at central and peripheral positions in the head or body phantoms described above.
CTDI in helical CT
In
where is the distance travelled by the couch during one full gantry rotation and is the beam collimation (single-slice CT) or the total thickness of all simultaneously acquired slices (multislice CT). The following quantity is therefore used to take account of pitch:
Similar measures with yet wider chambers are useful for CT systems with large numbers of detector rows.[7]
CTDI can also be measured with polymer gel dosimetry.[8]
Relation to DLP
The dose-length product (DLP) is a quantity defined for use in CT as
for and as described above ( is therefore the total scan length). This quantity is analogous to the dose-area product (DAP) used in planar radiography.
References
- PMID 7322067.
- ^ PMID 23690435.
- PMID 21502387.
- ISBN 9781444113396.
- ^ "AAPM REPORT NO. 96 The Measurement, Reporting, and Management of Radiation Dose in CT" (PDF). AAPM. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ISBN 9780199655212.
- PMID 19420423.
- PMID 16013718.