Computer addiction
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Computer addiction is a form of behavioral addiction
Experts on Internet addiction have described this syndrome as an individual working intensely on the Internet, prolonged use of the Internet, uncontrollable use of the Internet, unable to use the Internet in an efficient, timely matter, not being interested in the outside world, not spending time with people from the outside world, and an increase in their loneliness and dejection.[6]
Symptoms
- Being drawn by the computer as soon as one wakes up and before one goes to bed
- Replacing old hobbies with excessive use of the computer and using the computer as one's primary source of entertainment and procrastination
- Lacking physical exercise and/or outdoor exposure because of constant use of the computer, which could contribute to many health problems such as obesity
- Backache
- Headaches
- Weight gain or loss
- Disturbances in sleep
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Blurred or strained vision[7]
- Depression and marital infidelity [8]
Effects
Excessive computer use may result in, or occur with:
- Lack of face to face social interaction
- Computer vision syndrome
Causes
Kimberly Young[9] indicates that previous research links internet/computer addiction with existing mental health issues, most notably depression. She states that computer addiction has significant effects socially, such as low self-esteem, psychologically and occupationally, which led many subjects to academic failure.
According to a Korean study on internet/computer addiction, pathological use of the internet results in negative life impacts such as job loss, marriage breakdown, financial debt, and academic failure. 70% of internet users in Korea are reported to play online games, 18% of whom are diagnosed as game addicts, which relates to internet/computer addiction. The authors of the article conducted a study using Kimberly Young's questionnaire. The study showed that the majority of those who met the requirements of internet/computer addiction experienced interpersonal difficulties and stress and that those addicted to online games specifically responded that they hoped to avoid reality.[10]
Types
Computers nowadays rely almost entirely on the internet, and thus relevant research articles relating to internet addiction may also be relevant to computer addiction.
- Gaming addiction: a hypothetical compulsive gaming, social isolation, mood swings, diminished imagination, and hyper-focus on in-game achievements, to the exclusion of other events in life.[12][13]
- Social media addiction: Data suggest that participants use social media to fulfill their social needs but are typically dissatisfied.[14] Lonely individuals are drawn to the Internet for emotional support. This could interfere with "real-life socializing" by reducing face-to-face relationships.[15] Some of these views are summed up in an Atlantic article by Stephen Marche entitled Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?, in which the author argues that social media provides more breadth, but not the depth of relationships that humans require and that users begin to find it difficult to distinguish between the meaningful relationships which we foster in the real world and the numerous casual relationships that are formed through social media.>[16]
Cyberstalking
According to Prof. Jordana N. Navarro et al. Cyberstalking is known as a behavior that includes but not limited to internet or technology use to stalk or harass an individual over time and in a menacing fashion. Cyberstalking has been on the rise since the 1990s. These cryptic behaviors are also noticeable. Many of the cyberstalking cases are from people that do not know each other. Cyberstalkers are not limited to geographical boundaries, research has suggested various impulses in cyberstalking aside from excreting power and control over the target. Internet addiction and cyberstalking share several key traits that should lend support to new investigations to further scrutinize the relationship between the two disorders. Studies have shown that cyberstalkers can have different motives, but these results are not necessarily indicative of mental health issues. A cyberstalker is usually an emotionally damaged individual, a loner who seeks attention, gratification, and connection and in the process becomes infatuated with someone (Navarro et al. 2015)
Diagnostic Test
Many studies and surveys are being conducted to measure the extent of this type of addiction. Kimberly Young has created a questionnaire based on other disorders to assess the level of addiction. It is called the Internet Addict Diagnostic Questionnaire or IADQ. The questionnaire asks users about their online usage habits as well as their feelings about their internet usage. According to the IADQ sample, Internet Addiction resembles that of a Gambling disorder. Answering positively to five out of the eight questions on the IADQ may be indicative of online addiction.[17]
According to the article "Validating the Distinction between Computer Addiction and Engagement: Online Game Playing and Personality", the authors introduced a test to help identify the differences between addiction and engagement. Based on similar ideas, here are some ways to distinguish between computer engagement and addiction.[18]
Computer engagement: | Computer addiction: |
---|---|
I would not think about computers when I am doing other important things | I would ignore valued things because I am interested in my computer |
I would not give up my work or school day because I want to spend more time on a computer | I would sometimes give up my friends or family gathering because I am interested in my computer |
I would not think about the computer when I am not using it | I would not be able to focus on my work or study because I am interested in my computer |
I would not be anxious if I were told to not use a computer | I would be anxious if I were told to not use a computer |
I would succeed if I want to reduce the time that I spend on a computer | I would not succeed if I want to reduce the time that I spend on a computer |
My schedule would not be affected by a computer | I often stay up at night because I want to spend more time on the computer |
I don't think that I am addicted to computer | I think that I am addicted to computer |
Origin of the term and history
Observations about the addictiveness of computers, and more specifically, computer games date back at least to the mid-1970s. Addiction and addictive behavior were common among the users of the
The term became more widespread with the explosive growth of the Internet, as well the availability of the personal computer.[20] Computers and the Internet both started to take shape as a personal and comfortable medium that could be used by anyone who wanted to make use of it. With that explosive growth of individuals making use of PCs and the Internet, the question started to arise whether or not misuse or excessive use of these new technologies could be possible as well. It was hypothesized that, like any technology aimed specifically at human consumption and use, abuse could have severe consequences for the individual in the short term and the society in the long term.[21] In the late nineties people who made use of PCs and the internet were already referred to the term webaholics or cyberholics. Pratarelli et al. suggested at that point already to label "a cluster of behaviors potentially causing problems" as a computer or Internet addiction.[20]
There are other examples of computer overuse that date back to the earliest
See also
- Behavioral modernity
- Computer rage
- Digital media use and mental health
- Evolutionary mismatch
- Underearners Anonymous
- Video game addiction
References
- .
- ^ PMID 19724746.
- PMID 18316427.
- .
- S2CID 18931382.
- .
- ^ "Computer/Internet Addiction Symptoms, Causes and Effects". PsychGuides.com An American Addiction Centers Resource.
- PMID 16297020.
- .
- PMID 12804026.
- ^ "Computer Game Addiction". Berkeley Parents Network. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2007.
- ^ Hauge, Marney R.; Douglas A. Gentile (April 2003). Video game addiction among adolescents: Associations with academic performance and aggression (PDF). Society for Research in Child Development Conference, Tampa Florida. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2007.
- ^ Tanner, Lindsey (22 June 2007). "Is video-game addiction a mental disorder?". Associated Press. Retrieved 2009-05-09.
- S2CID 639979.
- S2CID 16933593.
- ^ Marche, Stephen (May 2012). "Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on May 31, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ Young, Kimberly. "Internet Addiction Test (IAT) Sample" (PDF). Stoelting. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ Charlton, JohnP., and IanD. W. Danforth. "Validating the Distinction between Computer Addiction and Engagement: Online Game Playing and Personality." Behaviour & Information Technology, vol. 29, no. 6, Nov. 2010, pp. 601–13. EBSCOhost, https://doi-org.mctproxy.mnpals.net/10.1080/01449290903401978.
- ^ Brian Dear, Chapter 21 -- Coming of Age, The Friendly Orange Glow, Pantheon Books, New York, 2017; see pages 381-387 for a discussion of addiction on PLATO, page 382 quotes a 1975 article from The Daily Illini that discusses the subject.
- ^ PMID 10495815.
- ISBN 9780833023315.
- ^ Lea Goldman (2005-09-05). "This Is Your Brain on Clicks". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2007-12-07. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
Works cited
- Dawn Heron. "Time To Log Off: New Diagnostic Criteria For Problematic Internet Use", University of Florida, Gainesville, published in Current Psychology, April 2003 [1][permanent dead link] (Identifies incessant posting in chat rooms as a form of emotional disorder).
- Orzack, Maressa H. Dr. (1998). "Computer Addiction: What Is It?" Psychiatric Times XV(8).
- Shotton, MA (1989), Computer Addiction? A study of computer dependency. New York: Taylor & Francis.
- Cromie, William J. Computer Addiction Is Coming On-line. HPAC - Harvard Public Affairs & Communications. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. Computer Addiction Is Coming On-line (Explains symptoms and other various attributes of the new disease).
- UTD Counseling Center: Self-Help:Computer Addiction. Home Page - The University of Texas at Dallas. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. UTD Counseling Center: Self-Help:Computer Addiction.
- Addictions.com. (n.d.). Computer Addiction. Retrieved December 5, 2013, from Computer Addiction - Signs, Symptoms, Support & Treatment
- Navarro, Jordana N., et al. "Addicted to the Thrill of the Virtual Hunt: Examining the Effects of Internet Addiction on the Cyberstalking Behaviors of Juveniles." www.tandfonline.com, Taylor & Francis Group, 4 Apr. 2016, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01639625.2016.1153366