Concepción, Chile
Concepción
La Concepción de María Purísima del Nuevo Extremo (original name) | |
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Website | www |
Concepción (Spanish pronunciation:
The city was first settled in the Bay of Concepción, in the zone that would later become the commune of Penco, now part of the Concepción conurbation. The city's demonym, penquista, comes from the place of its original foundation. The city center and historic district is located in the Valle de la Mocha (La Mocha Valley), where it relocated after serious damage left by an earthquake in 1751.
The origin of Concepción dates back to 1550, when it was founded by Pedro de Valdivia as part of the
The city is a known college town in Chile,[9][10] as it is home to numerous educational institutions, including the University of Concepción, the University of the Bío Bío, and the Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception. The commune also contains various historical bridges, murals, parks and lakes, as well as important cultural venues such as the Teatro Biobío, the Casa del Arte, the local Natural History Museum, and the Teatro Universidad de Concepción.
History
Concepción was founded by Don
At the time of the Spanish arrival to the Concepción area chronicler Jerónimo de Vivar noted local Mapuches wore gold and silver bracelets and "sort of crowns". This is interpreted either as Incan gifts, war spoils from defeated Incas, or the adoption of Incan metallurgy.[12]
Although Concepción was a significant military settlement for the
The new site for the town of Concepción became the main town of the Intendancy of Concepción, whose jurisdiction extended from the
When the First National Government Board met in
On January 1, 1818, Ambrose O'Higgins's son,
On February 20, 1835, the town again was largely destroyed by an earthquake and had to be rebuilt.
By 1875, a key British community and German colony existed within the province. By 1895, there was an even larger Spanish presence.[13]
The
On February 27, 2010, an 8.8 magnitude earthquake struck the city of Concepción, killing more than 521 people and injuring thousands nationwide. Following the earthquake, geologists relying on global positioning satellite (GPS) data concluded that the city had been displaced roughly 3 meters (9.8 feet) to the west as a result of the event.[14] The tsunami that followed missed the city.[15]
After the 2010 Chile earthquake, a prison riot began in Concepción's El Manzano prison following a failed escape attempt by the inmates. Different parts of the prison were set on fire and the riot was controlled only after the guards shot into the air and received help from military units.[16] As of March 5, 2010, a Peruvian field hospital has been deployed to the city.[17]
Seismology
Like most of the Chilean territory, the Concepción region is
On February 27, 2010, an earthquake of 8.8 magnitudes struck at 35.846°S, 72.719°W, 115 km (71 mi) NNE of the city. The United States Geological Survey said the earthquake struck at 0334 GMT on Saturday at a depth of 35 km (22 mi). The effects were felt as far away as São Paulo, Brazil—4,620 kilometres (2,870 mi).
Education
Concepción is known as "the university city"
Universities
The University Pencopolitana whose name was Pontificia Universidad Pencopolitana de La Concepción (Pontifical Pencopolitana University of The Conception) was an old university founded through a decree of the Bishop of Concepción, delivered to the administration of the
The image of the Pontifical University of Concepción Pencopolitana, is still valid, for His Majesty
Meanwhile, the University of Chile allowed schools in the city to teach courses in law which allowed men to obtain a law degree. Among its students was Henry Urrutia Manzano, who decades later became president of the Supreme Court of Chile.
The
Eventually, the university began to receive state support, becoming part of the traditional universities, becoming one of the three most important universities in the country, and the most important at the regional level.
Traditional universities
- Universidad de Concepción
- Universidad del Bío-Bío
- Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María
Private universities
- Universidad del Desarrollo
- Universidad Andrés Bello
- Universidad Arcis
- Universidad San Sebastián
- Universidad Santo Tomás
- University of the Pacific (Chile)
- Universidad de Las Américas
- Universidad Bolivariana
- Universidad Pedro de Valdivia
- Universidad La República
- Universidad de Aconcagua
- Universidad Tecnológica de Chile INACAP
Professional institutes
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Universidad de Concepción
- Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
- Instituto Profesional Santo Tomás, of the Universidad Santo Tomás
- Universidad Andrés Bello
- Instituto Profesional La Araucana
- Instituto Profesional Providencia
- Instituto de Estudios Bancarios Guillermo Subercaseaux
- Instituto Profesional Diego Portales
- Instituto Profesional Crecic
- Instituto Profesional Placex
- Instituto Profesional INACAP
Primary and secondary schools
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2015) |
The city has a French international school, the Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle and a German school, the Colegio Alemán de Concepción and a British school, Saint John's School, the former located in the city downtown and the latter examples in San Pedro de la Paz.[22]
The defunct Concepción College was a parochial girls' day school and boarding school, established in 1878 by the Methodist Episcopal Church.[23][24]
Transportation
The city is served by
Climate
The climate of Concepción is classified as
Climate data for Concepción, Chile (Carriel Sur International Airport) 1991–2020, extremes 1966–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 34.1 (93.4) |
34.4 (93.9) |
30.9 (87.6) |
27.2 (81.0) |
25.8 (78.4) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.6 (81.7) |
32.5 (90.5) |
33.4 (92.1) |
34.4 (93.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.0 (73.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
21.3 (70.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
15.7 (60.3) |
13.8 (56.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
15.6 (60.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
18.0 (64.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) |
16.7 (62.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
13.3 (55.9) |
11.7 (53.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
12.3 (54.1) |
14.2 (57.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.2 (52.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
7.7 (45.9) |
6.7 (44.1) |
5.7 (42.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
6.2 (43.2) |
7.4 (45.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
8.3 (46.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
3.6 (38.5) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
1.6 (34.9) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9.9 (0.39) |
14.9 (0.59) |
22.2 (0.87) |
68.8 (2.71) |
151.6 (5.97) |
221.2 (8.71) |
168.1 (6.62) |
148.9 (5.86) |
77.2 (3.04) |
53.2 (2.09) |
27.2 (1.07) |
21.1 (0.83) |
984.3 (38.75) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 9.7 | 13.9 | 12.4 | 11.5 | 7.2 | 5.9 | 3.9 | 2.6 | 78.0 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
74 | 76 | 79 | 83 | 87 | 87 | 85 | 83 | 81 | 79 | 77 | 75 | 81 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 327.6 | 279.3 | 252.3 | 185.4 | 131.0 | 111.9 | 133.6 | 154.3 | 196.2 | 244.6 | 286.2 | 317.0 | 2,619.4 |
Source 1: Dirección Meteorológica de Chile[26][27][28] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: NOAA (precipitation days 1991–2020)[29]
|
As might be expected for such a large urban area heavily dependent on wood-burning for heat and diesel for transport, the air in Concepción is third-most polluted in Chile, after Santiago and Temuco.[30]
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1970 | 161,006 | — |
1982 | 267,891 | +4.33% |
1992 | 326,784 | +2.01% |
2002 | 216,061 | −4.05% |
2017 | 223,574 | +0.23% |
Source: 1970–1992,[31] 2002,[32] 2017[33] |
According to data collected in 2002 in the Census of the
As a commune, Concepcion is home to 14.35% of the total population of the region. 1.88% (4,058 persons) is for the rural population and 98.12% (212,003) for the urban population. Moreover, 5.5% of the country's population lives in the Greater Concepción metro area.
Between 1970 and 1982 there is a large increase in the population. One reason is the inclusion of San Pedro, segregated from the municipality of Coronel.
The Concepción commune population sharply declined in 1996 as its territory was divided, creating
There is a significant percentage of foreign residents in the city, the most numerous are the Spanish, Italian and US expatriate communities. There are also smaller segments of German, French, British,
Cultural life
To an outsider, there may be confusion between the
In 2014, the Rock en Conce festival began to take shape. It would be held outdoors, in the city's Parque Bicentenario (Bicentennial Park), and access to it would be free. The aim of the festival would be to restore the musical spotlight that the city embodied and that earned it the reputation of being the cradle of Chilean rock and, at the same time, to establish itself as a major tourist attraction for the city.[34] Its first edition took place on Saturday, March 7, 2015, and since then it has been held with great success every year at the end of each summer, bringing together emerging local bands with major and renowned artists from the national and international scene.[35]
Music
Concepción has been described as the "Chilean capital of rock",[36][37] since numerous bands of this genre have started their careers in the city, such as Los Tres, Los Bunkers, Emociones Clandestinas, Santos Dumont, De Saloon, Machuca and Julius Popper, among others. Numerous bands have played their first major concerts in the city, such as Los Prisioneros.[38]
The city's music venues are a main feature of the tourist route, La Ruta de la Música, a project driven by the National Service of Tourism (SERNATUR), where besides the rock scene, the local jazz and folk scenes are also shown.[39]
Sports
Concepción was one of the host cities of the official
Today, Concepción is home to three professional football teams:
- Club Deportivo Universidad de Concepción, currently in the Primera División
- Club Deportivo Ferroviario Almirante Arturo Fernández Vial, currently, in the Chilean second division
- Club de Deportes Concepción, currently in the Chilean third division.
The most notable professional basketball team is:
- C.D. Universidad de Concepción, currently in the Liga Nacional de Básquetbol de Chile.
Economy
Historically characterized by a strong manufacturing industry, Concepción has also been a major center for distribution and services and the financial basis of the regional economy.
Commerce
Trade in the city is concentrated in the Plaza Independencia (Independence Square), the pedestrian street Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga (built in 1981), and along the major avenues. One such avenue is the Diego Barros Arana street which has developed into the commercial center of the city and the region was until 1907 even known as "calle Comercio" ("Commerce Street"). New commercial centers are being developed around the old central station and the new civic district as a part of the Chilean bicentennial (September 18, 2010). A considerable percentage of local trade is taking place in settlements around the city, in communes such as Hualpén, Talcahuano and San Pedro de la Paz, where there are bustling shopping centers, such as Mall Plaza del Trébol, and where there is a constant commercial development.
Other commercial spots, related to food, are the Vega Monumental and Mercado Central de Concepción (Central Market of Concepción) places offering various services and agricultural and livestock products.
Administration
As a
Seats | Councillor | Party |
---|---|---|
1 | Fabiola Troncoso Alvarado | Christian Democratic |
2 | Yanina Contreras Álvarez | National Renewal |
3 | Jaime Monjes Farias | Christian Democratic |
4 | Emilio Armstrong Delpin | I.D.U. |
5 | Christian Paulsen Espejo-Pando | I.D.U. |
6 | Joaquin Eguiluz Herrera | National Renewal |
7 | Alex Iturra Jara | Communist |
8 | Boris Negrete Canales | Christian Democratic |
9 | Patricia Garcia Mora | Socialist |
10 | Ricardo Trostel Provoste | Radical |
Within the
Notable citizens
- Marlene Ahrens, athlete (1933–2020)
- Santiago Manuel de Alday y Aspée, Bishop of Santiago between 1755 and 1788 (1712–1789)
- Patricio Almendra, footballer (b. 1977)
- Luis Altamirano, President of the 1924 Government Junta of Chile (1867–1938)
- Graciela Araya, opera singer (b. 1962)
- Miguel Ardiman, footballer (b. 1967)
- Enrique Soro Barriga, composer (1884–1954)
- Diego José Benavente, President of the Senate of Chile (1790–1867)
- Manuel Bulnes, President of Chile between 1841 and 1851 (1799–1866)
- Roberto Cartes, footballer (b. 1972)
- Arturo del Castillo, comic book artist (1925–1992)
- Bélgica Castro, actress (1921–2020)
- Delfina de la Cruz, pianist and First Lady of Chile (1837–1905)
- José María de la Cruz, soldier (1799–1875)
- De Saloon, pop and rock band
- Francisco Encina, President of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile (b. 1943)
- Edgardo Enríquez, Minister of Education of Chile (1912–1996)
- Miguel Enríquez, physician and politician (1944–1974)
- Luis Pedro Figueroa, footballer (b. 1983)
- Alfredo France, footballer (1895–1938)
- Adrián García, tennis player (b. 1978)
- Enrique Molina Garmendia, founder of the University of Concepción, one of the top universities in Chile (1871–1964)
- Gonzalo Garrido, road bicycle racer (b. 1973)
- José Goñi, Minister of National Defense of Chile (b. 1948)
- Osvaldo González, footballer (b. 1984)
- Viviana Guzmán, flutist and composer (b. 1964)
- Isidora Jiménez, athlete (b. 1993)
- Klaus Junge, chess master (1924–1945)
- Los Bunkers, alternative rock band
- Los Tres, rock band
- Ignacio Urrutia Manzano, politician (1879–1951)
- Mandolino, singer and comedian (1934-2014)
- Adelqui Migliar, film actor, director, writer and producer (1891–1956)
- Carla Muñoz, racquetball player (b. 1992)
- Tomás Pablo Elorza, President of the Senate of Chile (1921–1999)
- Rodrigo Peñailillo, Minister of the Interior of Chile (b. 1973)
- Pepo, cartoonist (1911–2000)
- José Joaquín Prieto, President of Chile between 1831 and 1841 (1786–1854)
- Raimundo Rebolledo, footballer (b. 1997)
- Cristián Reyes, sprinter (b. 1986)
- Ximena Rincón, President of the Senate of Chile (b. 1968)
- Arturo Sanhueza, footballer (b. 1979)
- Waldo Sanhueza, football manager and president of Colo-Colo (1900–1966)
- José A. Santos, retired American jockey (b. 1961)
- René Schneider, commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army (1913–1970)
- Sebastián Sepúlveda, screenwriter, film producer and director (b. 1972)
- Ricardo Soto, recurve archer (b. 1999)
- Cristián Uribe, footballer (b. 1976)
- José Francisco Urrejola, President of the Senate of Chile (1911–2004)
- Ignacio Urrutia Manzano, President of the Senate of Chile (1879–1951)
- René Valenzuela, footballer (b. 1955)
- Paulina Veloso, lawyer and Socialist Party politician (b. 1957)
- Luis Vera, footballer (1929–2014)
- Juan de Dios Vial del Río, President of the Senate of Chile (1774–1850)
- Gustavo Viveros, footballer (b. 1947)
- Elena Waiss, pianist (1908–1988)
- Aníbal Zañartu, politician (1847–1902)
- Miguel de Zañartu, lawyer and politician, signatory of the Chilean Declaration of Independence (1786–1851)
Gallery
-
Arch of the Faculty of Medicine University of Concepción
-
Tour Lígure of Concepción
-
The hotel Araucano of Concepción in the center of the city
-
View of Ecuador Park, on the slopes of Cerro Caracol
-
Plaza de la Independencia
-
Law court
-
The avenue O'Higgins
-
Casa de Pedro del Río
-
Buildings in Concepción
-
Spanish Center
-
Civic center
-
Presencia de América Latina, mural declared national monument of Chile
Notable events
A 23 year old
Twin towns – sister cities
Concepción's sister cities are:
See also
- Greater Concepción
- Biobío Region
- Santa Juana
- Florida
- Dichato
- Biobío River
Citations
- ^ a b "Municipality of Concepción" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
- ^ National Statistics Institute of Chile (January 2009). "Ciudades, Pueblos, Aldeas y Caseríos 2019". INE.cl. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
- ^ "TelluBase—Chile Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- .
- ^ "Concepción: la nueva capital de negocios del sur de Chile – soyconcepcion.cl". soychile.cl. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2013.
- ^ Riffo Pérez, Luis (2004). "Crecimiento y disparidades regionales en Chile, una visión de largo plazo" (PDF). Estadística Económica. México: Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geográfica, INEG, Censos Económicos: 129–152. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 26, 2013.
- ISBN 956-16-0404-3.
- OCLC 1259676.
- ^ Carta Abierta (March 2016). "Sernatur y Concepción: La ciudad universitaria por excelencia del sur de Chile". cartaabierta.cl. Archived from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ^ Radio Usach (July 10, 2020). "Álvaro Ortiz, alcalde de Concepción por coronavirus: "Hay que terminar con los discursos triunfalistas"". radiousach.cl. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ^ Ida Stevenson Weldon Vernon (1969) Pedro de Valdivia, Conquistador of Chile, Greenwood Press
- ^ Silva Galdames, Osvaldo (1983). "¿Detuvo la batalla del Maule la expansión inca hacia el sur de Chile?". Cuadernos de Historia (in Spanish). 3: 7–25. Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved January 10, 2019.
- ISBN 9780230114838.
- ^ "Chile quake moves city more than 10 feet". CNN. March 9, 2010. Archived from the original on March 12, 2010. Retrieved March 10, 2010.
- ^ Harrell, Eben (March 4, 2010). "Quake Response Doesn't Live Up to Chile's Self-Image". Time. Archived from the original on March 6, 2010. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
- ^ El Mercurio, March 1. Cuerpo C, page C13
- ^ UKPA, "Foreign hospitals help out Chile"[dead link], March 6, 2010 (accessed March 6, 2010)
- ^ John Milton Nickles, Marie Siegrist (1965) Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, v.28
- ^ "Concepción". bblatinamerica.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012.
- ^ "Turismo en Concepción 2017: Vacaciones de verano en Concepción". welcomechile.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2013.
- ^ www.universia.cl. "MAPA GEOGRAFICO DE LAS UNIVERSIDADES SOCIAS DE UNIVERSIA". universia.cl. Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2013.
- ^ "DSC Colegio Alemán de Concepción - DSC". Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
- ^ Anuario de la prensa chilena 1892 (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: Biblioteca Nacional. 1893. p. 41. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- ^ Methodist Episcopal Church Missionary Society (1908). Annual Report of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The Society. p. 461. Retrieved July 27, 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Climate explorer for Concepción
- ^ "Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos" (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from the original on May 23, 2023. Retrieved May 23, 2023.
- ^ "Temperatura Histórica de la Estación Carriel Sur, Concepción. (360019)" (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from the original on May 23, 2023. Retrieved May 23, 2023.
- ^ "Estadistica Climatologica Tomo II" (PDF) (in Spanish). Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil. March 2001. pp. 89–161. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
- ^ "Carriel Sur Aeropuerto Concepción Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 4, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ Severe air pollution plagues Chilean cities Archived May 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Friday, June 29, 2007 – 21:00 UTC
- INE
- INE. Note that the population decreased in number due to the areas that by then were no longer part of the commune.
- ^ 2017 census.
- ^ "Festival "Rock en Conce" ya tiene fecha y lugar". Televisión Nacional de Chile. December 31, 2014.
- ^ María Ignacia Inostroza (March 19, 2019). "#FotosRP: ¡Todo un éxito Rock En Conce 2019!". Rock & Pop.
- ^ Biobiochile.cl (March 2018). "Inauguran hito "Concepción: Capital del Rock" en antesala de festival REC 2018" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ^ Ricardo Mahnke. "Concepción, ¿cuna del rock? - Documentary" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ^ Nuestro.cl. "El sorprendente sonido penquista" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 4, 2012. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
- ^ ThisisChile.cl. "La "Ruta de la Música" por Concepción" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ^ "Restos de Jorge Matute Johns llegaron a Concepción (in Spanish)". La Nación. April 28, 2005. Archived from the original on April 29, 2005.
- ^ "Concepción". bethlehem-city.org. Bethlehem. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "Cidades Irmãs". campinas.sp.gov.br (in Portuguese). Campinas. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ Diario Crónica: Concepción y Cascavel son ciudades hermanas[permanent dead link]
- ^ Convenio de hermanamiento[permanent dead link], en El universo Guayaquil
- ^ "Medellín (Antioquia / Colombia)". museovirtualug.org (in Spanish). Universidad de Guanajuato. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "Acuerdos interinstitucionales registrados por dependencias y municipios de Nuevo León". sre.gob.mx (in Spanish). Secretaría de relaciones exteriores. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "Acuerdo de Hermanamiento entre Concepción y Nanjing!". citydiplomacy.org (in Spanish). May 30, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "Concepción y La Plata, ciudades hermanas". Archived from the original on May 20, 2007. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ^ El Diario 24 (July 19, 2013). "San Miguel de Tucumán y Concepción de Chile ahora son ciudades hermanas".
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Ilustre Municipalidad de Concepción (October 28, 2014). "Concepción se hermanó con Wuhan". Archived from the original on January 9, 2017. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
External links
- El Sur El Sur, newspaper of Concepción (in Spanish)
- Viveconce, Event schedule of Concepción (in Spanish)
- Source about Concepción – Encyclopædia Britannica
- Geographical coordinates and NASA images, Google
- Concepción travel guide from Wikivoyage