Concerto for solo piano

While a concerto is generally a piece for an instrument or instruments with orchestral accompaniment, some works for piano alone have been written with the seemingly contradictory designation concerto for solo piano.

History

Although various "concert" pieces have been written across history (such as

Trois études de concert and Grand solo de concert), concertos for solo piano are very rare. The first (and still best known) example comes from Johann Sebastian Bach, whose Italian Concerto, BWV 971, was published in 1735. Even though it was written for two-manual harpsichord, it is regularly played on the piano and considered the first example of a concerto fitted to solo keyboard.^{[by whom?}

]

Schumann's Piano Sonata No. 3 in F minor (1835), Op. 14, was labelled by Tobias Haslinger as a "Concerto without orchestra".

The French composer

nos. 8–10

were labelled as a concerto for solo piano. It includes markings such as "Tutti", "Solo" and "Piano", as well as instrumental directions such as "quasi-trombe" and "quasi-celli".

The Spanish composer Joaquín Turina wrote in 1935 his Concerto Without Orchestra (Spanish: Concierto sin orquesta), Op. 88.

The Russian composer and violinist Joseph Achron wrote in 1941 his final work Concerto for solo piano, op. 74.

Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji's Concerto da suonare da me solo e senza orchestra, per divertirmi (1946) is clearly inspired by Alkan; for instance, the third movement of the work is titled Scherzo diabolico—a reference to Alkan's Étude Op. 39 No. 3. In addition to that, the first movement of the work contains various programmatic indications. These, however, are controversial, since they effectively refer to an imaginary orchestra. However, it has also been argued that the orchestra is represented in the work by means of bitonal relationships.^[1]

The Slovak composer Ján Zimmer wrote, in addition to seven concertos for piano and orchestra, a Concerto for Piano without orchestra, op. 23 (1955/1956).

The piano concertos nos. 4 and 6 of Michael Finnissy are pieces for solo piano.

John White has described his Piano Sonata No. 152 as a concerto for solo piano.^[2]

Similar works

Various arrangements (by Bach, Alkan, et al.) of piano concertos for piano alone; for instance, Alkan made such transcriptions of Beethoven's 3rd Piano Concerto and Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 20.
Wilhelm Friedemann Bach – Concerto for Harpsichord Solo (F 40)
Muzio Clementi - Sonata quasi Concerto, Op. 33 No. 3
Frédéric Chopin's Allegro de concert Op. 46 (1841) is a single movement piece, which was intended to form part of what would have become Chopin's 3rd concerto for piano and orchestra.
Franz Liszt – Concerto sans Orchestra S.524a (1839-1857)
Igor Stravinsky – Concerto per due pianoforti soli (1935)
Vincent Persichetti – Concerto for Piano (4 hands) Op. 56 (1952)
Dmitri Shostakovich – Concertino for two pianos (1953)

References

^ Abrahams, Simon John, Ph.D., Le mauvais jardinier: A Reassessment of the Myths and Music of Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, King's College London, 2002, pp. 209–210.
^ Jonathan Powell, liner notes for Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, Concerto per suonare da me solo, Jonathan Powell, (Altarus Records, AIR-CD-9081, 2006), p. 8.

v t e Concertos
Types	Concertino Concerto for orchestra Concerto grosso Concert piece Double concerto Ripieno concerto Sinfonia concertante Solo concerto Triple concerto
By instrument	Accordion concerto Bassoon concerto Cello concerto Clarinet concerto Concerto for solo piano Double bass concerto Double concerto for violin and cello English horn concerto Flute concerto Harmonica concerto Harp concerto Harpsichord concerto Marimba concerto Oboe concerto Organ concerto Percussion concerto Piano concerto Saxophone concerto Timpani concerto Trombone concerto Triple concertos for violin, cello, and piano Trumpet concerto Viola concerto Violin concerto
By composer	Bach Corelli Graupner Haydn Mozart
Miscellaneous	Chorale concerto Concertato
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References

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