Conrad Helfrich

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Conrad Emil Lambert Helfrich
ABDAFLOAT
Battles/warsWorld War II
  • Dutch East Indies Campaign
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (United Kingdom)
Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari (Poland)
SignatureCursive signature in ink

Lieutenant Admiral Conrad Emil Lambert Helfrich (11 October 1886 – 20 September 1962) of the Royal Netherlands Navy was a leading Dutch naval figure of World War II. He was born in Semarang
.

World War II

Helfrich was appointed overall commander of all forces in the

Netherlands East Indies in October 1939.[1] At the outbreak of the war in the Pacific he gave instructions to wage war aggressively. His small force of submarines sank more Japanese ships in the first weeks of the war than the entire British and US navies together, an exploit which earned him the nickname "Ship-a-day Helfrich".[2] Admiral Helfrich worked tirelessly to establish co-operation with the Allied navies in the area since he knew that the Dutch could not hope to protect the Dutch East Indies
by themselves.

Java Sea

When a combined command (

Java at all costs clashed with Hart's desire to conserve as many naval units as possible. On 12 February 1942, Helfrich succeeded Hart as commander of the American–British–Dutch–Australian naval forces in the Pacific and immediately went on the offensive.[2] Unfortunately, the courage of the "Striking Force" was to no avail in the face of the overwhelming superiority of the Japanese navy and after the disastrous Battle of the Java Sea, most of the ABDA ships under his command had been put out of action and ABDA itself was dismantled. Helfrich spent the remainder of the war in Ceylon
preparing the return of Dutch administration to the Dutch East Indies.

Japanese surrender

Tokyo Bay, Japan – Surrender of Japanese aboard USS Missouri. Lieutenant-Admiraal C.E.L. Helfrich, representing the Kingdom of the Netherlands, signs the instrument of surrender. He is being watched by a compatriot and by General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Allied Commander, at the microphone.

In 1945, he was given command of all Dutch naval forces and promoted to lieutenant admiral. On 2 September 1945, he signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender aboard the battleship USS Missouri on behalf of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.[1]

Helfrich returned to the Dutch East Indies on 1 October 1945, where he commanded the Dutch forces in the Dutch East Indies until 24 January 1946 when the post of commander of the armed forces in the East was abolished. During that time, Commander Helfrich had to deal with the

Linggarjati Agreement
of 15 December 1946, but without effect.

He remained in command until his retirement from the navy on 1 January 1949.[1]

He wrote his memoirs which were published in 1950 and he died in The Hague, on 20 September 1962.[1]

Honours and awards

For his services during the World War, Helfrich received several awards. He was Commander of the

Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (UK) and awarded the Silver Cross (5th grade) of the Virtuti Militari (Poland). He had also received the Expedition Cross
.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Klemen, L (1999–2000). "Vice-Admiral Conrad Emil Lambert Helfrich". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
  2. ^ a b "World Battlefronts: Dutchman's Chance". Time. 23 February 1942. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008.

References

External links

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