Conservation in Australia
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Wildlife of Australia |
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Conservation in Australia is an issue of state and federal policy.
According to
Federal and State governments manage
Conservation issues
A key conservation issue is the preservation of biodiversity, especially by protecting the remaining
Shark culling (the killing of sharks) currently occurs in New South Wales and Queensland (in government "shark control" programs).[6] These programs have damaged the marine ecosystem.[6] Roughly 50,000 sharks have been killed by Queensland authorities since 1962, including in the Great Barrier Reef.[7][8] Queensland's "shark control" program has been called "outdated, cruel and ineffective".[8] The "shark control" programs in New South Wales and Queensland have killed thousands of animals, such as turtles and dolphins.[6][9] In 2018, the Humane Society International filed a lawsuit against the government of Queensland to stop shark culling in the Great Barrier Reef.[8]
The protection of the iconic
Specific issues:
- Blue Gum Forest
- Fraser Island
- Franklin Dam
- Lake Pedder
- Uranium mining in Kakadu National Park
- Plight of the Murray River system
Legal framework
Conservation of the natural environment in Australia is derived from five different sources of law, namely international law, federal law, State law and local government law as well as the application of the common law.
International environmental law
International agreements that affect conservation policy in Australia.
Entry in force | Title, date, place of agreement |
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1948 | International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, 1946, Washington |
1961 | Antarctic Treaty , 1959, Washington
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1975 | Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, 1971, Ramsar |
1975 | Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972, Paris |
1975 | Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 1973, Washington
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1982 | Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Living Marine Resources, 1980, Canberra |
1983 | Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, 1979, Bonn |
1985 | International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983, Geneva |
1993 | Biodiversity Action Plan
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1993 | United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa, 1994, Paris |
1994 | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, Montego Bay |
1994 | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992, New York |
Federal law
The primary federal law is the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth), usually referred to as the EPBC Act.[2]
Protected areas
There are numerous
Protected areas of include those managed by the federal Department of the Environment and Energy, and national parks and other protected areas managed by the states, Agencies responsible for protected areas include:
- Director of National Parks
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
- New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change
- Parks Victoria
- Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service
- Department of Environment and Water(South Australia)
- Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia)
- Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service
- Chief Minister's Department (Australian Capital Territory)
- Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory
Threatened species
Conservation organisations
A number of governmental and non-governmental organisations work in the conservation and restoration of the Australian environment.
- Australian Conservation Foundation
- Australian Koala Foundation
- Australian Marine Conservation Society
- Australian Native Plants Society
- Australian Rainforest Conservation Society
- Australian Wildlife Society
- Australian Wildlife Conservancy
- Banksia Environmental Foundation
- BirdLife Australia
- Bush Heritage Australia
- Clean Up Australia
- Conservation Volunteers Australia
- Environment Tasmania[13]
- Foundation for National Parks & Wildlife
- Green Corps
- Greening Australia
- Invertebrates Australia[14]
- Landcare Australia
- National Parks Australia Council[15]
- Natural Heritage Trust Australia
- Nature Foundation
- NSW Wildlife Information Rescue and Education Service
- Planet Ark
- Queensland Trust for Nature (see Avoid Island)
- Rainforest Rescue[16]
- Sustainable Population Australia
- Sydney Metropolitan Wildlife Service
- Wilderness Society
- Trees for Life
- Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland
- Wildlife Warriors
- World Wide Fund for Nature#WWF-Australia
References
- . Retrieved 1 September 2022.
- ^ PMC 6112320. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ McIntyre, Iain (2020-11-04). "Environmental Blockading in Australia and Around the World - Timeline 1974-1997". The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
- ISBN 0-643-05141-4
- ^ "The Big Switch". Archived from the original on 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
- ^ a b c https://web.archive.org/web/20181002102324/https://www.marineconservation.org.au/pages/shark-culling.html "Shark Culling". marineconservation.org.au. Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
- ^ https://www.news.com.au/technology/science/animals/aussie-shark-population-is-staggering-decline/news-story/49e910c828b6e2b735d1c68e6b2c956e Aussie shark population in staggering decline. Rhian Deutrom. December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
- ^ a b c https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/queensland-government-kills-sharks-faces-court-challenge "Queensland Government Kills Sharks, Faces Court Challenge". maritime-executive.com. September 4, 2018. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
- ^ http://www.afd.org.au/news-articles/queenslands-shark-control-program-has-snagged-84000-animals Action for Dolphins. Queensland’s Shark Control Program Has Snagged 84,000 Animals. Thom Mitchell. November 20, 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
- ^ . Retrieved 6 October 2023.
- ^ Department of the Environment and Heritage. 2002. Summary of Terrestrial Protected Areas in Australia by Type Archived 2006-09-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Department of the Environment and Heritage. 2002. About the National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas (NRSMPA) Archived 2005-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ ET
- ^ Invertebrates Australia
- ^ NPAC
- ^ Rainforest Rescue