Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal
Trump–Ukraine scandal |
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Events |
People |
Companies |
Conspiracy theories |
Since 2016, then-presidential candidate
On August 18, 2020, the Republican-controlled
Background
According to FBI witness interview notes released in October 2019, upon hearing news of a hack of a Democratic National Committee server in June 2016, Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort speculated that Ukraine rather than Russia was culpable,[9] a narrative that was also promoted by Konstantin Kilimnik, thought to be a Russian intelligence asset with whom Manafort was working along with Lev Parnas and Igor Fruman.[10]
The Republican-controlled Senate Intelligence Committee report concluded in August 2020 that during the campaign Manafort actively worked with Kilimnik, whom the report called a "Russian intelligence officer," to deflect interference suspicions from Russia onto Ukraine, characterizing Manafort's activities as a "grave counterintelligence threat".[8]
The New Yorker found that reporting of the conspiracy in the right-wing media was initiated by Peter Schweizer, a former Breitbart News contributor and president of the Government Accountability Institute, "a self-styled corruption watchdog group chaired and funded by conservative mega-donor Rebekah Mercer"[11] and founded by Steve Bannon.[12]
Adoption by Trump
President Trump had long felt that the conclusion of the
Trump also falsely asserted that CrowdStrike, a publicly owned[16][17] American company, was owned by an unnamed wealthy Ukrainian oligarch.[1] The conspiracy theory claimed that the company — which had investigated a hack of a Democratic National Committee (DNC) server — had planted evidence on the server to implicate Russia, and that the FBI had failed to take possession of the server to verify that claim.[18] Although the FBI did not take possession of the server, CrowdStrike had provided the FBI with an exact disk image and traffic logs of the server to conduct its own analysis, which led the Mueller Report to concur with the intelligence community that the server had been hacked by Russian intelligence.[1][19] Two weeks prior to taking office, Trump was briefed by top American intelligence officials that American, British and Dutch intelligence had attributed the DNC hack to Russia by hacking into Russian intelligence networks and observing stolen DNC emails there.[20] Trump was also told at that meeting that a Russian mole the CIA had cultivated for decades and who had reached the highest levels of the Kremlin told the CIA that Putin personally ordered and orchestrated the Russian interference in the 2016 election.[21]
Trump also asserted without evidence that Ukraine was in possession of the DNC server,[1] as well as Hillary Clinton's deleted emails.[22] Trump and Giuliani falsely asserted that Ukraine's involvement also included the Steele dossier, which was echoed by congressman Devin Nunes, a staunch Trump defender, during an impeachment inquiry hearing in September 2019.[23][24][25] One former senior White House official said Trump explicitly stated Ukraine was culpable because "Putin told me."[26]
The conspiracy theory later evolved to include baseless allegations of corruption by Joe Biden and his son Hunter Biden in their activities in Ukraine.
This led Trump to pressure Ukrainian president
During November 2019 hearings for the
Based on questions and statements I have heard, some of you on this committee appear to believe that Russia and its security services did not conduct a campaign against our country — and that perhaps, somehow, for some reason, Ukraine did. This is a fictional narrative that has been perpetrated and propagated by the Russian security services themselves.
As Trump and other Republicans used the hearings to promote the Ukraine interference conspiracy theory, Russian president Vladimir Putin remarked, "We see what is going on there in the U.S. now. Thank God nobody is accusing us anymore of interfering in the U.S. elections. Now they're accusing Ukraine."[37] During the weeks leading to Hill's testimony, American intelligence officials had briefed senators and their staffs about a yearslong campaign by Russia to frame Ukraine for the 2016 election interference.[3]
Propagators among Republican members of Congress
Republican representatives and senators[38][39] who have promoted the idea that Ukraine interfered in the 2016 election despite conclusions that there is no evidence of this from the Senate Intelligence Committee[40] and U.S. intelligence agencies[3] include the following:
Representatives
- Devin Nunes (R-CA)[41][42][43]
- Jim Jordan (R-Ohio)[44]
- Matt Gaetz (R-Florida)[44]
- Louie Gohmert (R-Texas)[44][45]
Senators
- Chuck Grassley (R-IA)[46]
- John Kennedy (R-LA)[47][48][49]
- Richard Burr (R-NC)[48]
- Lindsey Graham (R-SC)[46]
- Ted Cruz (R-TX)[50]
- Ron Johnson (R-WI)[46]
- John Barrasso (R-WY)[48]
In response to these statements by Republican senators, as well as making other unsubstantiated claims including about the Mueller investigation, Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) said on December 10, 2019, that the Senate GOP is becoming the "conspiracy caucus".[51] Schumer said that Trump, Attorney General William Barr and GOP lawmakers should stop "pushing baseless conspiracy theories and instead work in a bipartisan fashion to ensure the FBI and the Intelligence Community have the full support and resources necessary to stop Putin and any other foreign adversary from interfering in the 2020 elections."[51] On December 20, 2019, former Senator Jeff Flake (R-AZ), an ardent critic of President Trump, published an opinion piece in The Washington Post admonishing House and Senate Republicans for "attempting to shift blame with the promotion of bizarre and debunked conspiracy theories", and asked them to administer impartial justice in the upcoming Impeachment trial of Donald Trump.[52]
Statements by Cabinet-level officials
Appearing to support conspiracy theories
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo
On November 26, 2019, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo appeared to grant legitimacy to the notion that Ukraine, rather than or in addition to Russia, was behind interference in the 2016 United States elections.[53] He had been asked by a reporter "Do you believe that the U.S. and Ukraine should investigate the theory that it was Ukraine and not Russia that hacked the DNC emails in 2016?"[54] Pompeo responded "Any time there is information that indicates any country has messed with American elections, we not only have a right but a duty to make sure we chase that down," adding, "to protect our elections, America should leave no stone unturned."[53][54] This is despite Pompeo's former role personally briefing President Trump as CIA director that Russia was behind the interference, as well as his May 2017 testimony to the Senate.[55]
Attorney General William Barr
On December 10, 2019, the day following the publication of a Justice Department inspector general report on the origins of the Mueller investigation, Barr claimed in an interview with NBC news that the Russia investigation was "completely baseless" and said he believed the FBI's investigation was conducted in "bad faith".[56] Unlike FBI Director Christopher Wray's remarks the day prior, Barr refused to refute the conspiracy theory of Ukrainian interference in the 2016 election.[56][57] Barr again asserted the FBI investigation was opened "without any basis" in April 2020.[58]
Denying conspiracy theories
FBI Director Christopher A. Wray
On December 9, 2019, following the release of the DoJ inspector general's report into the origins of the
Distraction using Russian interference investigation
President Trump directed
Barr sought information related to a conspiracy theory that had circulated among Trump allies in conservative media claiming that Joseph Mifsud was a Western intelligence operative who was supposedly directed to entrap Trump campaign advisor George Papadopoulos in order to establish a false predicate for the FBI to open its investigation. That investigation was initiated after the Australian government notified American authorities in July 2016 that its diplomat Alexander Downer had had a chance encounter with Papadopoulos in May 2016 – two months before the DNC website hacking became known – and that Papadopoulos told him that the Russian government had "dirt" on Clinton in the form of emails.[62]
On October 2, 2019, Senator
The New York Times reported in December 2019 that Barr's designated investigator
CrowdStrike
Numerous conspiracy theories falsely assert that CrowdStrike is actually owned by a wealthy Ukrainian oligarch.[1] In fact, CrowdStrike is not owned by a wealthy Ukrainian oligarch, but is a publicly traded company[16] headquartered in California, and the DNC server is actually 140 individual servers, decommissioned and located in the United States, rather than being in Ukraine, as Trump has claimed.[76]
The conspiracy theory additionally falsely asserts that FBI agents were not allowed to examine the server because such action would expose the DNC plot,
This conspiracy theory, that originated from a "GRU (Glavnoye razvedyvatel'noye upravleniye; 'Main Intelligence Directorate') persona, 'Guccifer 2.0'", was created "to cast doubt on Russia's culpability in the DNC [intrusion]".[77][79]
Political quid pro quo
During a White House press briefing on October 17, 2019, acting chief of staff Mick Mulvaney linked the DNC server conspiracy theory to the Barr inquiry, as well as to a quid pro quo for the withholding of military aid to Ukraine, stating, "Did [Trump] also mention to me in passing the corruption related to the DNC server? Absolutely. No question about that. But that's it, and that's why we held up the money." While the Justice Department had previously indicated that the Barr inquiry was examining whether Ukraine played any role in the opening of the 2016 FBI investigation into Russian interference, a department official declined to comment on whether that included the DNC server theory. The New York Times reported Justice Department officials were confused and angered by Mulvaney's linkage of the DNC server, a possible quid pro quo, with Ukraine and the Barr inquiry. Hours later, Mulvaney released a statement denying he had made any suggestion of a quid pro quo.[80]
See also
- List of conspiracy theories
- Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory
- Russia investigation origins counter-narrative
- Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
- Ukraine biolabs conspiracy theory
References
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As part of its investigation, the FBI later received images of DNC servers and copies of relevant traffic logs.
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