Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh
Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh বাংলাদেশ গণপরিষদ | |
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Unicameral | |
History | |
Founded | 1971 |
Disbanded | 1973 |
Preceded by | Parliament of Pakistan & East Pakistan Provincial Assembly |
Succeeded by | Jatiya Sangsad |
Seats | 404[1] |
Meeting place | |
Parliament Building (now Prime Minister's Office in Dhaka, Bangladesh) |
This article is part of a series on the |
Politics of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |
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Bangladesh portal |
The Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh was the constituent assembly of Bangladesh. It was the country's provisional parliament between 1971 and 1973. In 1972, it drafted and adopted the Constitution of Bangladesh. The assembly was dominated by the Awami League, with a minority being independent lawmakers.
Creation
Tensions between the Bengali Muslim population of East Bengal (renamed as East Pakistan in 1955) & the West Pakistan based government had existed since the 1952 Bengali Language movement. The Yahya Khan led military government's inaction in providing relief to Bengali Muslims in the 1970 Bhola cyclone, laid bare claims of discrimination against Bengalis being perpetrated by the West Pakistani establishment. Nation-wide elections were held in 1970 by the military administration in an attempt to diffuse unrest within the country. 169 seats for the National Assembly of Pakistan from East Pakistan and 300 seats for the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly were being contested under the Constitution of 1962. The Awami League party ran on the platform of developing a new Pakistani constitution based on the 1966 Six Points.[2] The Awami League won 167 out of 169 seats in the National Assembly and 288 out of 300 seats in the Provincial Assembly. Despite gaining the right to form a government, it was not allowed to take power by the military administration & the Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto led PPP (which had emerged as the largest party in West Pakistan). This denial in the transfer of power sparked the Bangladesh Liberation War.
During the war, elected representatives met in Mujibnagar on 17 April 1971. They signed the Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence, which was declared as a provisional constitution. The elected representatives were transformed into a constituent assembly. After the war ended, the assembly convened in January 1972.
Members
The Constituent Assembly was initially composed of all Members of the Pakistan National Assembly elected from East Pakistan in 1970 general elections & all members of the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly elected in the 1970 provincial elections who had signed the declaration of independence. The initial tally of members was 469. The Awami League had a supermajority with 167 MNAs & 298 MPAs. Other parties represented in the body were independents (1 MNA & 4 MPAs), Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (2 MPAs) & National Awami Party (Wali) (1 MPA). East Pakistani legislators from the Pakistan Democratic Party (1 MNA & 2 MPAs), Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan (1 MPA) & Nizam-e-Islam Party (1 MPA) refused to endorse the secession of East Pakistan. By the time the Constitution was promulgated, the tally had dropped to 404. 10 legislators had died, of whom 5 were killed by the Pakistani Army, 23 were disqualified or expelled from the Awami League; and 2 defected to Pakistan.[3]
All of the elected members were Bengali Muslims, except for 12, 10 (1 MNA & 9 MPAs) of whom were Bengali Hindus & the remaining 2 (MPAs of PCJSS) were Chakmas. It also had 17 (7 MNAs & 10 MPAs) female members, nominated by the Awami League.
Shah Abdul Hamid was elected as the assembly's speaker and Mohammad Mohammadullah as deputy speaker.[4]
Rules of Procedure
The Rules of Procedure was adopted in the first two-day plenary session.[5]
Drafting committee
The Constitution Drafting Committee was formed on 11 April 1972.[6] It had 34 members with Kamal Hossain as chairman.[7] Razia Banu was its only female member. Barrister Amirul Islam and Advocate Suranjit Sengupta were among the prominent members on the committee. Sengupta, the lone NAP(W) member in the body, was a vocal member of the opposition bench.[7][8]
Members of the committee are included below.
- Kamal Hossain (MNA- Dhaka-9)
- Md. Lutfor Rahman(MNA- Rangpur-4)
- Abu Sayeed (MNA- Pabna-5)
- M Abdur Rahim (MPA-Dinajpur-7)
- M Amir-ul Islam (MNA- Kushtia-1)
- Mohammad Nurul Islam Manjur (MNA- Bakerganj-3)
- Abdul Muntakim Chowdhury (MNA- Sylhet-5)
- Khitish Chandra Mondal (MPA-Bakerganj-15)
- Suranjit Sengupta (MNA- Sylhet-2)
- Syed Nazrul Islam (MNA- Mymensingh-17)
- Tajuddin Ahmad (MNA- Dhaka-5)
- Khandakar Mushtaq Ahmed(MNA- Cumilla -8)
- AHM Qamaruzzaman(MNA- Rajshahi-6)
- Abdul Momin Talukdar (MNA- Pabna-5)
- Abdur Rouf (MNA- Rangpur-11)
- Mohammad Baitullah (MNA- Rajshahi -3)
- Barrister Mujib Nagar Sarkar.
- Khandaker Abdul Hafiz(MNA- Jessore 7)
- Shaukat Ali Khan (MNA- Tangail-2)
- Md Humayun Khalid
- Asaduzzaman Khan (MPA- Jessore-10)
- A. K. Mosharraf Hossain Akhand(MNA-Mymensingh-6)
- Abdul Momin
- Shamsuddin Molla(MNA-Faridpur-4)
- Sheikh Abdur Rahman (MNA-Khulna-2)
- Fakir Sahab Uddin Ahmed
- Khurshed Alam(MNA-Cumilla-7)
- Sirajul Haque (MNA-Cumilla-4)
- Dewan Abul Abbas (MNA-Cumilla-5)
- Abdur Rashid (MNA-Noakhali-)
- Hafez Habibur Rahman (MNA-Cumilla-12)
- Nurul Islam Chowdhury (MPA-Chattragram-6)
- Muhammad Khaled (MPA-Chattragram—5)
- Begum Razia Bano(MNA-women's seats)
Citizenship debate
The minority Chakma lawmaker
Article 70
Under the interim constitution, law making powers resided with the executive branch. When K. M. Obaidur Rahman, an Awami League lawmaker, raised a question as to why the constituent assembly was not given legislative powers, Prime Minister
Enactment
The Assembly approved the constitution on 4 November 1972, and it took effect on 16 December 1972—a day commemorated as
Legacy
The constitution founded the
The first blows to the original constitution came in 1973 and 1974, when Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's government passed amendments that gave the state the power to suspend fundamental rights during a
As a result of the controversial Article 70, Bangladesh has never seen a
The dominance of left-wing parties led by the Awami League in the constituent assembly resulted in numerous references to socialism in the document. The socialist influence contradicts with Bangladesh's largely free market economy.
The citizenship debate of "Bengali v Bangladeshi" contributed to a sense of alienation among the indigenous hill population in the country's southeast, and was seen as a factor behind the Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict, which lasted for two decades until 1997.[15]
The unitary state laid down by the constitution has been a stumbling block for decentralizing Bangladesh's judiciary. When the government created
See also
- Constituent Assembly of India
- Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
- Legislatures of British India
- Bengal Legislative Assembly
- Bengal Legislative Council
- Legislative Council of Eastern Bengal and Assam
References
- ^ Syed Giasuddin Ahmed (1990). Bangladesh Public Service Commission. University of Dhaka. p. 95.
- ^ "Awami League's Six-Point Program - Constitutional solution of East Pakistan's Problems". 1 June 2003.
- ISBN 978-1-107-06895-7.
- ^ Nurul Momen (1980). Bangladesh, the First Four Years: From 16 December 1971 to 15 December 1975. Bangladesh Institute of Law & International Affairs. p. 19.
- ^ "Rules of Procedure for the Constituent Assembly" (PDF).
- ISBN 9041102299.
- ^ a b "We, The People". 13 December 2013.
- ^ "Constitutional governance ensures the growth of democracy". 8 November 2016.
- ^
Barrister Badal rashid, was a Bangladeshi politician, MNA and a leading member of the Awami League.
A member of the Mujibnagar Government. He was one of the organizer of liberation war of our motherland. He was the main adviser of south west sector during the liberation war of Bangladesh. He was the Founder President of Bangladesh Krishok League.
- ^ "Our constitution". The Daily Star. 5 September 2010.
- ^ Hasanuzzaman (22 April 2011). "To amend Article 70 or not" (PDF). Centre for Policy Dialogue (Op-ed).
- ^ Islam, Sirajul (2012). "Constitution". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Constitutional Amendments". Banglapedia.
- ^ "Constitutional reform for healthy politics". The Daily Star. 10 May 2015.
- ISBN 978-984-401-541-8.
- ^ Muhammad Mamunur Rashid (4 August 2012). "Road to decentralisation of the High Court blocked". Law and Our Rights. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012.