Constitutional Court of Russia
Constitutional Court of Russia | |
---|---|
Конституционный суд Российской Федерации | |
Established | 12 July 1991 |
Location | Saint Petersburg |
Composition method | Constitutional court |
Authorized by | Constitution of Russia |
Number of positions | 11 |
Website | ksrf.ru |
President | |
Currently | Valery Zorkin |
Since | 2003 |
The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation (
History
Before the 1980s in the
On October 7, 1993 Boris Yeltsin's decree suspended work of the Constitutional Court. According to the decree, the Constitutional Court was "in deep crisis". On December 24 another presidential decree repealed the Constitutional Court of the RSFSR Act itself. In July 1994 the new Constitutional Court Act was adopted. However, the new Constitutional Court started working only in February 1995, because the
In 2005 the federal authorities proposed to transfer the court from Moscow to Saint Petersburg. The transfer, involving controversial allocation of land on Krestovsky Island for cottages of the judges and relocation of the Russian State Historical Archive from the former Senate and Synod Building, now occupied by the court headquarters, had been completed by 2008.
President Dmitry Medvedev on May 8, 2009, proposed to the legislature and on June 2 signed a law for an amendment whereby the president of the court and his deputies would be proposed to the parliament by the president rather than elected by the judges, as was the case before.[1][2]
Constitutional Court Judge
Composition
The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation consists of 11 judges (with the quorum of 8), one being the President (currently Valery Zorkin) and another one being Deputy President (currently Sergey Mavrin). The President presides over the court's sessions, represents the court in its relations with state bodies, has considerable powers in the matters of appointment, and makes the initial recommendation for disciplinary measures, in particular dismissal.[8]
The judges are nominated by the
Constitutionality of laws, disputes concerning competence of governmental agencies, impeachment of the president of Russia and the Constitutional Court's proposals of legislations must be dealt with in plenary session. The Constitutional Court also may by its discretion submit to plenary sessions any other issue.
Powers
Certain powers of the Constitutional Court are enumerated in the
Another power of the Constitutional Court is to resolve disputes concerning competence of governmental agencies. Whenever the President of Russia is impeached, the Constitutional Court renders a resolution concerning complying with the due order of indictment.
Procedure
The Constitutional Court deals with cases either in chambers or in plenary sessions. All judges must be present unless they are sick or may have interest in the case; they must not abstain from voting on the resolution. Apart from judges, claimant, his representatives and governmental agencies involved are present. In order for resolution or decision to pass two-thirds of judges must be in favor of it.
Presidents
- Valery Zorkin (1991–1993)
- Nikolay Vitruk (acting, 1993–1995)
- Vladimir Tumanov (1995–1997)
- Marat Baglai (1997–2003)
- Valery Zorkin (since 2003)
Current judges
Judge / birthdate and place |
Alma mater | Appointed by | Age at start / present |
Start date / length of service |
Succeeded | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(President) Valery Zorkin February 18, 1943 Konstantinovka, Primorsky Krai |
LL.D. )
|
Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | 48 | 81 | October 29, 1991 32 years, 178 days |
Vacant | |
(Deputy President) Sergey Mavrin September 15, 1951 Bryansk, Bryansk Oblast |
LL.D. )
|
Vladimir Putin | 54 | 72 | February 25, 2005 19 years, 59 days |
Viktor Luchin | |
Lyudmila Zharkova September 3, 1955 Petrozavodsk, Karelia |
Saint Petersburg State University Faculty of Law | Boris Yeltsin | 41 | 68 | June 11, 1997 26 years, 318 days |
Vladimir Tumanov | |
Sergey Kazantsev September 16, 1955 Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) |
LL.D. )
|
Vladimir Putin | 46 | 68 | March 29, 2002 22 years, 26 days |
Tamara Morshchakova | |
Larisa Krasavchikova March 21, 1955 Sverdlovsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast (now Yekaterinburg) |
LL.D. )
|
Vladimir Putin | 47 | 69 | February 12, 2003 21 years, 72 days |
Nikolay Vitruk | |
Nikolay Melnikov May 27, 1955 Irkutsk, Irkutsk Oblast |
LL.D. )
|
Vladimir Putin | 49 | 68 | February 25, 2005 19 years, 59 days |
Vacant | |
Sergey Knyazev February 15, 1959 Pavlovsky Posad, Moscow Oblast |
LL.D. )
|
Dmitry Medvedev | 49 | 65 | October 15, 2008 15 years, 192 days |
Vacant | |
Alexander Kokotov January 15, 1961 Ufimka, Sverdlovsk Oblast |
LL.D. )
|
Dmitry Medvedev | 49 | 63 | March 3, 2010 14 years, 52 days |
Anatoly Kononov | |
Andrey Bushev February 12, 1966 Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) |
Ph.D. )
|
Vladimir Putin | 56 | 58 | June 8, 2022 1 year, 321 days |
Vladimir Yaroslavtsev | |
Vladimir Sivitsky October 2, 1974 Moscow |
Ph.D. )
|
Vladimir Putin | 48 | 49 | June 21, 2023 308 days |
Konstantin Aranovsky | |
Mikhail Lobov February 1, 1971 Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast |
Moscow State Institute of International Relations | Vladimir Putin | 52 | 53 | September 25, 2023 212 days |
Gadis Gadzhiev |
Presidential Envoys to the Constitutional Court
- Valery Savitsky (April 24, 1995, – February 5, 1996)
- Mikhail Mityukov (February 5 – December 7, 1996)
- Sergey Shakhray (December 7, 1996, – June 29, 1998)
- Mikhail Mityukov (June 29, 1998, – November 7, 2005)
- Mikhail Krotov (November 7, 2005 – January 31, 2020)
- Aleksandr Konovalov (since January 31, 2020)
Governmental Envoys to the Constitutional Court
- Stanislav Yudushkin (November 9, 1998, – March 12, 2001)
- Mikhail Barshchevsky (since March 12, 2001)
See also
- Constitutional law
- Judiciary of Russia
- Law of the Russian Federation
- Legal reform
- Rule of law
- Rule According to Higher Law
- Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
- List of constitutional courts
References
- ^ "Russian parliament votes to reform judiciary". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2022-12-12. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
- ^ "Dmitry Medvedev made amendments to the Federal Constitutional Law On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation". President of Russia (in Latin). 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
- ^ Bonet, Pilar (2009-08-31). ""En Rusia mandan los órganos de seguridad, como en la época soviética"". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-06-23.
- ^ "Судья Кононов: Независимых судей в России нет | Политика | Sobesednik.ru". Archived from the original on 2009-12-08. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
- ^ "Конституционный суд теряет особые мнения". Kommersant (in Russian). 2009-12-02. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
- ^ RFE/RL (2009-12-02). "Top Russian Judges Quit Posts After Critical Comments". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
- ^ White, Gregory L. (2009-12-03). "Judge Set to Retire Amid Kremlin Row". WSJ. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
- ^ Despouy, Leandro (23 March 2009). "A/HRC/11/41/Add.2 Promotion and Protection of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development, Addendum: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers" (PDF). United Nations Human Rights Council. p. 17. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
- ISBN 978-1-59345-612-2.
External links
- Official Website (Russian)
- The state of the judiciary in Russia International Commission of Jurists, 2010
- Judging Russia: The Role of the Constitutional Court in Russian Politics 1990–2006
- Authoritarian constitutionalism in Putin's Russia: A pragmatic constitutional court in a dual state. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 51(3), 201-214