Contemporary anarchism
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Contemporary anarchism within the
Anarchist principles undergird contemporary radical social movements of the left. Interest in the anarchist movement developed alongside momentum in the anti-globalisation movement,anarcho-communists.[6]
New currents which emerged within contemporary anarchism include
Paul Goodman, Herbert Read and Colin Ward, is its emphasis on the global perspective. Essays on new anarchism[7] include David Graeber's "New Anarchists"[8] and Andrej Grubačić's "Towards Another Anarchism";[9][10] other authors have criticized the term for being too vague.[11]
Anarchists are generally committed against coercive authority in all forms, namely "all centralized and hierarchical forms of government (e.g., monarchy, representative democracy, state socialism, etc.), economic class systems (e.g., capitalism, Bolshevism, feudalism, slavery, etc.), autocratic religions (e.g., fundamentalist Islam, Roman Catholicism, etc.), patriarchy, heterosexism,
equal liberty is closer to anarchist political ethics in that it transcends both the liberal and socialist traditions. This entails that liberty and equality cannot be implemented within the state, resulting in the questioning of all forms of domination and hierarchy.[14] Contemporary news coverage which emphasizes black bloc demonstrations has reinforced anarchism's historical association with chaos and violence; however, its publicity has also led more scholars to engage with the anarchist movement, although contemporary anarchism favours actions over academic theory.[3][15]
History
anarcho-syndicalist trade union CNT
marching in Madrid in 2010Anarchism was influential in the
Iberian Anarchist Federation and the Italian Anarchist Federation as well as the Bulgarian Anarchist Federation in French exile.[20] In the United Kingdom during the 1970s, this was associated with the punk rock movement as exemplified by bands such as Crass (pioneers of the anarcho-punk subgenre) and the Sex Pistols.[21]
The housing and employment crisis in most of Western Europe led to the formation of
neo-liberalism, where the sexual revolution has turned the culture industry into the sex industry – ask yourself, is there today anything less transgressive and more normalizing than pornography? One might say that contemporary anarchism is about responsibility, whether sexual, ecological or socio-economic; it flows from an experience of conscience about the manifold ways in which the West ravages the rest; it is an ethical outrage at the yawning inequality, impoverishment and disenfranchisment that is so palpable locally and globally."[22]
Since the revival of anarchism in the mid-20th century,ecological and cultural-critical ideas" and who by the turn of the 21st century formed "by far the majority" of anarchists.[7]
anti-Catholic
manifestation (the text translates as "free from dogmas, always heretics")Around the turn of the 21st century, anarchism grew in popularity and influence as part of the
affinity groups, security culture and the use of decentralised technologies such as the Internet.[25] A significant event of this period was the 1999 Seattle WTO protests.[25] Many commentators have stated that the Occupy Wall Street movement has roots in anarchist philosophy.[26][27][28][29][30]
International anarchist federations in existence include the International of Anarchist Federations and the
Anarchist Federation in the United Kingdom and Ireland.[33]
Organisation Communiste Libertaire in France, Federazione dei Comunisti Anarchici in Italy, Alianza de los Comunistas Libertarios in Mexico, Motmakt in Norway, Unión Socialista Libertaria in Peru, the Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front in South Africa, Collective Action in the United Kingdom, Common Struggle/Lucha Común in the United States and the Revolutionary Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists by the name of N. I. Makhno which is an international anarcho-syndicalist and platformist confederation with sections and individual members in Bulgaria, Georgia, Germany, Israel, Latvia, Russia and Ukraine. Organisations inspired by platformism were also among the founders of the now-defunct International Libertarian Solidarity network and its successor Anarkismo network which is run collaboratively by roughly thirty platformist and specifists organisations around the world.[34]
Anarchist ideas have been influential in the development of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, more commonly known as
autonomous region in northern Syria.[35] Abdullah Öcalan, a founding member of the Kurdistan Workers' Party who is currently imprisoned in Turkey, is an iconic and popular figure in Rojava and whose ideas shaped the region's society and politics.[36]
While in prison, Öcalan corresponded with and was influenced by
libertarian municipalism.[36] Modelled after Bookchin's ideas, Öcalan developed the theory of democratic confederalism. In March 2005, Öcalan issued his "Declaration of Democratic Confederalism in Kurdistan", calling upon citizens "to stop attacking the government and instead create municipal assemblies, which he called 'democracy without the state'".[36]
classical anarchist school of thought that remains popular and relevant to contemporary anarchism, is "highly relevant to advanced industrial societies".[37] Anarchism continues to generate many philosophies and movements, at times eclectic, drawing upon various sources and syncretic, combining disparate concepts to create new philosophical approaches.[38]
Currents
New anarchism
Self-avowed anarchist scholars such as
lifestyle anarchism.[11]
Post-anarchism
Post-anarchism is a revision of
Slavoj Zizek to outline a distinctive approach that takes serious the political challenges of enjoyment or jouissance. [44]
Post-left anarchy
Post-left anarchy is a recent current in anarchist thought that promotes a critique of anarchism's relationship to traditional
DIY folk approach to everyday life, including refusal of work, escaping gender roles, and straight edge lifestyle.[45]
See also
- Anarchism and the Occupy movement
- Anarchist schools of thought
References
- ISSN 1089-7011.
- ISSN 1751-9020.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7453-3086-0.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7453-3086-0.
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- ^ ZNet. Archived from the original on 17 March 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2020.. Republished as PDF at Punks in Science. Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ ISBN 9781859844687.
- ^ Williams, Leonard (31 August 2006). "The New Anarchists" (Paper). Philadelphia: American Political Science Association. Retrieved 24 September 2020 – via the All Academic website.
- ^ ISBN 9781551643090.
- ^ a b Gee, Teoman (2003). "'New Anarchism': Some Thoughts". Alpine Anarchist Productions. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ISSN 1089-7011.
- ISSN 1089-7011.
- ISBN 9781441124456.
- S2CID 143304524.
- Stonewall Rebellion, the New York Gay Liberation Front based their organization in part on a reading of Murray Bookchin's anarchist writings.
- ^ Chorbajian, Levon (1998). "Book Review: The Spirit of the Sixties: The Making of Postwar Radicalism by James J. Farrell". Social Anarchism. 26. Retrieved 24 September 2020 – via The Library at Nothingness website.
Farrell provides a detailed history of the Catholic Workers and their founders Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin. He explains that their pacifism, anarchism, and commitment to the downtrodden were one of the important models and inspirations for the 60s. As Farrell puts it, 'Catholic Workers identified the issues of the sixties before the Sixties began, and they offered models of protest long before the protest decade.
- ISBN 9781873605233. Archived from the originalon 4 June 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2020 – via the Kate Sharpley Library website.
These groups had their roots in the anarchist resurgence of the nineteen sixties. Young militants finding their way to anarchism, often from the anti-bomb and anti-Vietnam war movements, linked up with an earlier generation of activists, largely outside the ossified structures of 'official' anarchism. Anarchist tactics embraced demonstrations, direct action such as industrial militancy and squatting, protest bombings like those of the First of May Group and Angry Brigade – and a spree of publishing activity.
- . Retrieved 24 September 2020.
Within the movements of the sixties there was much more receptivity to anarchism-in-fact than had existed in the movements of the thirties. [...] But the movements of the sixties were driven by concerns that were more compatible with an expressive style of politics, with hostility to authority in general and state power in particular. [...] By the late sixties, political protest was intertwined with cultural radicalism based on a critique of all authority and all hierarchies of power. Anarchism circulated within the movement along with other radical ideologies. The influence of anarchism was strongest among radical feminists, in the commune movement, and probably in the Weather Underground and elsewhere in the violent fringe of the anti-war movement.
- ^ "London Federation of Anarchists involvement in Carrara conference, 1968 Amsterdam". International Institute of Social History. 19 December 2005. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
- ISBN 9780754661962.
- ISBN 9781781680179.
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- ISBN 9781551643113. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ ISBN 9780742529434. Retrieved 24 September 2020 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Graeber, David. "Occupy Wall Street's anarchist roots". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on November 30, 2011. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
- ^ Berrett, Dan (October 16, 2011). "Intellectual Roots of Wall Street Protest Lie in Academe". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
- ^ Schneider, Nathan (December 20, 2011). "Thank You, Anarchists". The Nation. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- ^ Kazin, Michael (November 7, 2011). "Michael Kazin: Anarchy Now: Occupy Wall Street Revives An Ideology". The New Republic. Archived from the original on December 10, 2011. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
- S2CID 144776094.)
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link - ^ Carley, Mark (20 May 2004). "Trade Union Membership 1993–2003" Archived 2022-04-07 at the Wayback Machine. SPIRE Associates. Retrieved 24 September – via Eurofond. See also Carley, Mark (21 September 2009). "Trade Union Membership 2003–2008". SPIRE Associates. Retrieved 24 September – via Eurofond.
- . Retrieved 24 September 2020 – via Infoshop.
- ^ "IFA-IAF pagina oficial" [IFA-IAF official page] (in Spanish). International of Anarchist Federations. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2013 – via the International of Anarchist Federations website.
- ^ a b "About Us". Anarkismo (in Italian). Retrieved 24 September 2020.. PDF version.
- ISBN 9781937276782. Retrieved 24 September 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c Enzinna, Wes (24 November 2015). "A Dream of Secular Utopia in ISIS' Backyard". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
- ^ Chomsky, Noam; Jay, Peter (25 July 1976). "The Relevance of Anarcho-Syndicalism". The Jay Interview. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ISBN 9781412820332. Retrieved 24 September 2020 – via Google Books.
- Manchester University. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ ISBN 9781506332727. Retrieved 24 September 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ Franks 2007, p. 129.
- ^ Franks 2007, p. 130.
- ^ Franks 2007, pp. 131–132.
- ISBN 9798377450665.
- ISBN 978-0-00-217855-6.
Bibliography
- Franks, Benjamin (June 2007). "Postanarchism: A critical assessment" (PDF). Journal of Political Ideologies. 12 (2). S2CID 144787193.
External links
- Amster, Randall; et al., eds. (2009). Contemporary Anarchist Studies. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415474016. Retrieved 24 September 2020 – via Google Books.
- Graham, Robert, ed. (2012). Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas, Volume Three: The New Anarchism (1974–2012). Montreal: Black Rose Books. ISBN 9781551643366. Retrieved 24 September 2020 – via Robert Graham's Anarchism Weblog.
Further reading
- The Individualist Anarchism of Early Interwar Germany (2018). Constantin Parvulescu. Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Cinematography and Media, Doctor of Philosophy