Cooch Behar

Coordinates: 26°19′27.084″N 89°27′3.6″E / 26.32419000°N 89.451000°E / 26.32419000; 89.451000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the municipality in West Bengal, India. For the district, see Cooch Behar district. For the princely state, see Cooch Behar State.

Cooch Behar
Koch Bihar
City
Natabari
Websitecoochbehar.gov.in coochbeharmunicipality.com
Administrative map of Cooch Behar

Cooch Behar (

Jaipur
.

During the

Koch Kingdom of often described as the Shiva Vansha, tracing their origin from the Koch tribe of North-eastern India. After 20 August 1949, Cooch Behar District was transformed from a princely state to its present status, with the city of Cooch Behar as its headquarters.[8]

Etymology

Main article: Etymology of Cooch Behar

The name Cooch Behar is derived from two words— Cooch, a corrupted form of the word Koch, the name of the

vihara meaning land, Koch Behar means land of the Koches.[9][10]

History

Maharaja Nripendra Narayan of Cooch Bihar

Early period

Main articles:
Kamarupa Kingdom

Cooch Behar formed part of the

Bhuyan chieftains and the Ahom king Suhungmung
and lost control of the region. During this time, the Koch tribe became very powerful, proclaimed itself Kamateshwar (Lord of Kamata), and established the Koch dynasty.

The first important Koch ruler was Bisu, later called Biswa Singha, who came to power in 1515 CE.[11] Under his son, Nara Narayan, the Kamata Kingdom reached its zenith.[12] Nara Narayan's younger brother, Shukladhwaj (Chilarai), was a noted military general who undertook expeditions to expand the kingdom. He became governor of its eastern portion.

As the early capital of the Koch Kingdom, Koch Behar's location was not static and became stable only when it shifted to Cooch Behar town. Rup Narayan, on the advice of an unknown saint, transferred the capital from Attharokotha to

Torsa river
between 1693 and 1714. After this, the capital was always in or near its present location.

In 1661 CE, Pran Narayan planned to expand his kingdom. However,

Aurangazeb, attacked Cooch Behar and conquered the territory, meeting almost no resistance.[13]
The town of Cooch Behar was subsequently named Alamgirnagar.[14] Pran Narayan regained his kingdom within a few days.

British Raj

1907 map of Bengal with Sikkim
Main article: Cooch Behar State

In 1772–1773, the king of

British East India Company on 5 April 1773. At that time, coins of Bhutan were minted in Cooch Behar.[15] After expelling the Bhutanese, Cooch Behar again became a princely kingdom under the protection of the British East India company.[16][17]

Cooch Behar Palace is built after Classical Italian architecture. The dome of the Palace is in Italian style, resembling the dome of

Keshab Chandra Sen. This union led to a renaissance in Cooch Behar state.[18] Maharaja Nripendra Narayan is known as the architect of modern Cooch Behar town.[19]

Post-Independence

Under an agreement between the king of Cooch Behar and the Indian Government at the end of British rule, Maharaja Jagaddipendra Narayan transferred full authority, jurisdiction, and power of the state to the Dominion Government of India, effective 12 September 1949.[8] Eventually, Cooch Bihar became part of the state of West Bengal on 19 January 1950, with Cooch Behar town as its headquarters.[8]

Geography

Torsa River near Cooch Behar

Cooch Behar is in the foothills of

Cooch Behar District, with an area of 8.29 km2 (3.20 sq mi).[20]

The

sulphur are high.[21]

Cooch Behar is a flat region with a slight southeastern slope along which the main rivers of the district flow. Most highland areas are in the Sitalkuchi region, and most low-lying lands lie in the Dinhata region. The elevation of the town is 48 meters above mean sea level. The

Torsha, Kaljani, Raidak
, Gadadhar, and Ghargharia.

The town of Cooch Behar and its surrounding regions face

Sagardighi and other water bodies.[22]

In 1976, the Cooch Behar district became home to the Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary (now Jaldapara National Park), which has an area of 217 km2 (83.8 sq mi).[23] It shares the park with the Alipurduar district.[23]

Climate

Cooch Behar has a moderate climate characterised by heavy rainfall during the monsoons and slight rainfall from October to March. The city does not experience very high temperatures at any time of the year. The daily maximum temperature is 32.2 °C (90.0 °F) in August, the hottest month, and the daily minimum temperature is 9.4 °C (48.9 °F) in January, the coldest month.[24] The highest temperature in Cooch Behar was 41.0 °C, recorded on 11 September 1977; the lowest temperature recorded was 3.3 °C, reported on 28 January 1982.[24] The atmosphere is highly humid. The rainy season lasts from June to September. The average annual rainfall in the city is 3,562 mm (140.2 in).[24]

Climate data for Cooch Behar (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 29.6
(85.3) 		31.5
(88.7) 		37.6
(99.7) 		39.4
(102.9) 		39.9
(103.8) 		40.3
(104.5) 		38.9
(102.0) 		38.0
(100.4) 		41.0
(105.8) 		36.1
(97.0) 		33.0
(91.4) 		33.4
(92.1) 		41.0
(105.8)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 27.0
(80.6) 		29.1
(84.4) 		34.3
(93.7) 		35.5
(95.9) 		35.1
(95.2) 		35.3
(95.5) 		34.9
(94.8) 		35.6
(96.1) 		34.7
(94.5) 		33.5
(92.3) 		31.3
(88.3) 		28.2
(82.8) 		36.7
(98.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.4
(74.1) 		25.8
(78.4) 		29.6
(85.3) 		30.9
(87.6) 		31.2
(88.2) 		31.6
(88.9) 		31.2
(88.2) 		32.2
(90.0) 		31.2
(88.2) 		30.8
(87.4) 		28.7
(83.7) 		25.6
(78.1) 		29.4
(84.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.4
(61.5) 		18.8
(65.8) 		22.9
(73.2) 		25.4
(77.7) 		26.7
(80.1) 		27.8
(82.0) 		27.9
(82.2) 		28.6
(83.5) 		27.5
(81.5) 		25.8
(78.4) 		22.0
(71.6) 		18.3
(64.9) 		24.0
(75.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.4
(48.9) 		11.9
(53.4) 		16.1
(61.0) 		19.9
(67.8) 		22.2
(72.0) 		24.1
(75.4) 		24.7
(76.5) 		25.0
(77.0) 		23.9
(75.0) 		20.8
(69.4) 		15.3
(59.5) 		11.0
(51.8) 		18.7
(65.6)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 6.7
(44.1) 		8.6
(47.5) 		11.6
(52.9) 		15.9
(60.6) 		18.9
(66.0) 		21.3
(70.3) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.7
(72.9) 		21.3
(70.3) 		16.6
(61.9) 		11.8
(53.2) 		8.1
(46.6) 		6.5
(43.7)
Record low °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9) 		3.6
(38.5) 		7.1
(44.8) 		10.4
(50.7) 		16.1
(61.0) 		18.2
(64.8) 		20.3
(68.5) 		20.0
(68.0) 		19.7
(67.5) 		13.9
(57.0) 		8.2
(46.8) 		3.9
(39.0) 		3.3
(37.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 11.7
(0.46) 		18.5
(0.73) 		45.1
(1.78) 		167.6
(6.60) 		380.0
(14.96) 		683.3
(26.90) 		932.7
(36.72) 		618.2
(24.34) 		521.6
(20.54) 		164.6
(6.48) 		12.2
(0.48) 		7.1
(0.28) 		3,562.6
(140.26)
Average rainy days 0.8 1.4 2.5 8.6 14.0 18.0 21.2 16.6 15.4 5.8 0.9 0.7 105.7
Average
relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST
) 		70 60 53 62 71 78 81 80 83 79 73 72 72
Source: India Meteorological Department[24][25]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1951 26,299,980—    
1961 34,926,279+32.8%
1971 44,312,011+26.9%
1981 54,580,647+23.2%
1991 68,077,965+24.7%
2001 80,176,197+17.8%
2011 91,276,115+13.8%
Source: [26]
Religion in Cooch Behar[27]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 74.05%
Islam
 
 25.54%
Jainism
 
 0.66%
Christianity
 
 0.14%
Others
 
 0.18%

Languages of Cooch Behar (2011)[28]

  
Hindi (13.89%)
  Nepali
(1.09%)
  Others (1.44%)

In the 2011 census, Cooch Behar

urban agglomeration had a population of 2,89,434, of which 1,46,626 were males and 1,42,808 were females. The 0–6 years population was 7,910. The effective literacy rate for the urban population was 80.59%.[29][30]

According to the 2011 census, the Cooch Behar Municipal area has a population of 77,935.[31] The decadal growth rate for the population is 1.38%. The sex ratio is 972 females per 1,000 males.[32] Males constitute 50.6% of the population, and females constitute 49.4%. Cooch Behar has an average literacy rate of 74.78%, higher than the national average of 74.04%. The male literacy rate is 80.71%, while the female literacy rate is 68.49%.[33][34]

The major religions followed in Cooch Behar are

Hindi.[28]

Government and politics

Civic administration

Office of the District Magistrate

Cooch Behar Municipality is responsible for the civic administration of the town. The municipality consists of a board of councillors, elected from each of the 20 wards

All India Trinamool Congress
controls the municipality. The state government looks after education, health, and tourism.

The town is in the

Superintendent of Police
oversees security and matters about law and order. Cooch Behar is home to the District Court.

Utility services

Cooch Behar Head Post Office

Cooch Behar is a well-planned town,

potable water and sanitation. The city supplies water using its groundwater resources, and almost all the houses in the municipal area are connected. Solid waste is collected every day by the municipality van from individual homes. The surface drains, mostly cemented, drain into the Torsa River. Electricity is supplied by the West Bengal State Electricity Board, and the West Bengal Fire Service
provides emergency services like fire tenders. Most roads are metalled (macadam), and street lighting is available throughout the town. The Public Works Department is responsible for road maintenance and the streets connecting Cooch Behar with other regional cities. Health services in Cooch Behar include a government-owned District Hospital, a Regional Cancer Centre, and private nursing homes. Utility services provided in Cooch Behar are considered one of the best government utility services in West Bengal. However, the city gets flooded during heavy rains nowadays due to the problems of the drainage system.

Cooch Behar from above

Health facilities

The city has one district hospital MJN Hospital which has 400 beds. The hospital has now been converted to

Coochbehar Government Medical College and Hospital.[38] The city has numerous Multi-Speciality Hospitals offering. Some significant hospitals are Shubham Hospital, Cooch Behar Mission Hospital, Dr. P K Saha Hospital Pvt. Ltd. etc.[39]

Market facilities

The municipality has four daily markets, two wholesale markets, and eight commercial complexes.[40] Apart from these, two new malls have also opened recently.[41]

Economy

The central and state governments are the small number of employers in Cooch Behar town.[42] Cooch Behar is home to several district-level and divisional-level offices and has a large government-employee workforce. Business is mainly centered on retail goods; the main centers lie on B.S. Road, Rupnarayan Road, Keshab Road, and Bhawaniganj Bazar.

An industrial park has been built at Chakchaka, 4 km (2.5 mi) from town, on the route to Tufanganj. A number of companies have set up industries there.[43]

Farming is a significant source of livelihood for the nearby rural populace, and it supplies the town with fruits and vegetables. Poorer sections of this semi-rural society are involved in transport, primary agriculture, small shops, and manual labour in construction.

Cooch Behar has witnessed radical changes and rapid development in segments like industry, real estate, information technology firms, and education since the advent of the twenty-first century. The changes concern infrastructure and industrial growth for steel (direct reduced iron), metal, cement, and knowledge-based industries. Many engineering, technology, management, and professional study colleges have opened at Cooch Behar. Housing co-operatives, flats, shopping malls, hotels, and stadiums have also emerged.

As the town is near the international border, the Border Security Force (BSF) maintains a significant presence in the vicinity. This gives rise to a large population of semi-permanent residents, who bring revenue to the economy. The state government is trying to promote Cooch Behar as a tourist destination. Though income from tourism is low[44] Cooch Behar is one of the major tourist attractions in West Bengal.

Culture

The Ras Chakra during Ras Mela in Madan Mohan Bari

Every year during the Ras Purnima, the city hosts Ras Mela, one of the largest and oldest fairs in West Bengal. The fair is older than 200 years. Cooch Behar Municipality organises the fair in Ras Mela ground near ABN Seal College. During the fair, it becomes a central economic hub of the North Bengal region. Merchants and sellers from all over India and also from Bangladesh join this fair. Earlier, the Maharajas of Cooch Behar used to inaugurate the fair by moving the Ras Chakra, and now the work is executed by the

District Magistrate of Cooch Behar District. The Ras Chakra is considered a symbol of communal harmony because a Muslim Family makes it from generation. A huge crowd gathers in Cooch Behar from neighbouring Assam, Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar, and the whole North Bengal
during the fair.

Novelist Amiya Bhushan Majumdar was born, raised, and worked in Cooch Behar. Cooch Behar, with its people, culture, and the river Torsha was a recurrent theme in his novels. Apart from this, Cooch Behar has a rich history of Debate, Extempore, and Quizzing. A nonprofit organisation named Cobweb is enthusiastically spreading knowledge and facts. They are also fighting against Fake News, the new social evil of this era.[45]

Tourism

Cooch Behar is a significant tourist destination in West Bengal. The main attractions are:

Cooch Behar Palace

Coochbehar Palace

It is the main attraction of the city. It was modelled after the

Corinthian columns support the base of the cupola. This adds variegated colours and designs to the entire surface. There are various halls in the palace and rooms, including the Dressing Room, Bed Room, Drawing Room, Dining Hall, Billiard hall, Library, Toshakhana, Lady's Gallery, and Vestibules. The articles and precious objects that these rooms and halls used to contain are now lost. The original palace was three storied but was destroyed by a 19th-century earthquake measuring 8.7 on the Richter scale. The palace shows the acceptance of the European idealism of the Koch kings and the fact that they had embraced European culture without denouncing their Indian heritage.[46]

Sagar Dighi

A view of Sagar Dighi

migratory birds each winter. It is surrounded by many important administrative buildings, like District Magistrates Office, Administrative Building of North Bengal State Transport Corporation, BSNL's DTO Office on the West; Office of the Superintendent of Police, District Library, Municipality Building on the South, Office of BLRO, State Bank of India's Cooch Behar Main Branch and many other on the East and RTO office, Foreigner's registration office, District Court etc. on the North. Most of such buildings are remnants of royal heritage.[47]

Transport

Road

Cooch Behar is very well connected by road with neighbouring areas and other cities of West Bengal and the rest of the country. Cooch Behar is a major roadway junction after Siliguri towards Northeast India and Bangladesh. NH-17 crosses through the heart of the city connecting Assam and North Bengal. Apart from this, state highways, including SH-16 and SH-12A, pass through Cooch Behar, connecting different places in West Bengal.[48][49]

Bus service

New Cooch Behar railway station in 2019.

North Bengal State Transport Corporation (NBSTC), a state government-run transport corporation headquartered in Cooch Behar, which runs regular bus service to most places in West Bengal. Private buses are also available, which operate from bus stops or designated pick-up spots to various tows in Assam, Bihar, and West Bengal. City services from NBSTC are also available for riders to commute from different parts of a city.[50][51]

  • Mini Bus stand & NBSTC Bus Terminus: Located near Cooch Behar Palace, it serves as a bus depot for both government and private buses. Government buses are operated by NBSTC.
  • NBSTC New Bus Stand: Located within the city, it is the hub for NBSTC buses and a boarding point for long-haul buses.[52]

Rail

Cooch Behar railway station in 2015.

Being a popular tourism hub,[53] Cooch Behar is well connected through railway with almost all parts of the country. Two stations serve the city.

Air

Terminal of Cooch Behar Airport.

Cooch Behar Airport is a domestic airport located near the city. It handles daily flights from Netaji Subash Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata.[60]

The nearest

Spice Jet are the major carriers that connect the area to Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangkok, Paro, Bangkok and Chandigarh
.

Education

A.B.N. Seal College

Cooch Behar's schools usually use English and Bengali as their

Jenkins School, Sunity Academy, and Cooch Behar Rambhola High School
.

Jenkins School, Cooch Behar

Rajbongshi leader and social reformist, Panchanan Barma. A total of 15 colleges from the Cooch Behar district are affiliated with the university.[61][62]

There are five colleges and a polytechnic in town,

A.B.N. Seal College, Cooch Behar College, University B.T. & Evening College, Thakur Panchanan Mahila Mahavidyalaya, all of which are affiliated with the Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, which was established in 2013.[64][65]

Acharya Brojendra Nath Seal, a Brahmo and philosopher, who remained in the post for eighteen years from 1896 to 1913. In 1950, when the state of Cooch Behar was merged into the Union of India, the governance was passed to the Government of West Bengal. It was earlier affiliated with the University of Calcutta and University of North Bengal and is now affiliated with Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University after the creation of the same. In 1970, it was renamed Acharya Brojendra Nath Seal College. It is one of the few colleges under the Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University to give postgraduate education. The college is in the heart of the town with a campus of 13.27 acres (53,700 m2) and a built-up area of 9032.96 sq. meters.[66]

1981 the

Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, 16 km from the town at Pundibari. A medical college named Maharaja Jitendra Narayan Medical College and Hospital has started in 2019 with 100 students.[68]

Cooch Behar Government Engineering College started its first academic session in 2016.[69]

Gallery

  • Indoor Stadium, cooch Behar
    Indoor Stadium, cooch Behar
  • District Court
    District Court
  • ABN Seal College
    ABN Seal College
  • Cooch Behar Airport
    Cooch Behar Airport
  • Railway Museum near Cooch Behar Station
    Railway Museum near Cooch Behar Station
  • Palace Gate
    Palace Gate
  • Sahid Bag, Cooch Behar
    Sahid Bag, Cooch Behar
  • Bhola Ashram, Cooch Behar. (Residence of Executive Engineer WBPWD)
    Bhola Ashram, Cooch Behar. (Residence of Executive Engineer WBPWD)
  • Madan Mohan Bari Entrance
    Madan Mohan Bari Entrance
  • Circuit House
    Circuit House
  • New Cooch Behar at night
    New Cooch Behar at night
  • New Cooch Behar Junction
    New Cooch Behar Junction
  • Debi Bari Cooch Behar
    Debi Bari Cooch Behar
  • Moti Mahal
    Moti Mahal
  • Madanmohan Temple at night
    Madanmohan Temple at night
  • Palace view from the stadium
    Palace view from the stadium

See also

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External links

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