Cooch Behar district

Coordinates: 26°19′27″N 89°27′04″E / 26.32419°N 89.45103°E / 26.32419; 89.45103
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Cooch Behar.

Cooch Behar district
District
Clockwise from top-left: Cooch Behar Palace, Gadadhar river near
Tufanganj
Area
 • Total3,387 km2 (1,308 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total2,819,086
 • Density830/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
 • Urban
10.27%
Demographics
 • Literacy74.78% (2011)
 • Sex ratio942 (2011)
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationWB-64
Major highwaysNH 17
Average annual precipitation3201 mm
Websitecoochbehar.nic.in

Cooch Behar district (pronounced [ˈkuːtʃ biˈɦaːr]) is a district of the Indian state of West Bengal.

Formerly part of the Kamarupa kingdom, the area became the heart of the Kamata Kingdom in the 12th century. During the British Raj, the district was known as Cooch Behar state ruled by the Koch dynasty until 1949, when it became part of India.

The district consists of the flat plains of

Torsa. The district has the highest proportion of Scheduled Castes in the country, where they form a majority.[1]

Etymology

Main article: Etymology of Cooch Behar

The name Cooch Behar is derived from two words—Cooch, a corrupted form of the word Koch, the name of the

vihara meaning land, Koch Behar means land of the Koches.[2][3]

History

Maharaja Nripendra Narayan of Cooch Bihar

Early period

See also:
Kamata kingdom, and Koch dynasty
Gosanimari archaeological site former capital of Kamata kingdom

Cooch Behar formed part of the

Alauddin Hussain Shah, the independent Pathan Sultan of Gour. The new invaders fought with the local Bhuyan chieftains and the Ahom king Suhungmung
and lost control of the region. During this time, the Koch tribe became very powerful and proclaimed itself Kamateshwar (Lord of Kamata) and established the Koch dynasty.

The first important Koch ruler was Biswa Singha, who came to power in 1515.[4] Under his son, Nara Narayan, the Kamata Kingdom reached its zenith.[5] Nara Narayan's younger brother, Shukladhwaj (Chilarai), was a noted military general who undertook expeditions to expand the kingdom. He became governor of its eastern portion.

After Chilarai's death, his son Raghudev became governor of this portion. Since Nara Narayan did not have a son, Raghudev was seen as the heir apparent. However, a late child of Nara Narayan removed Raghudev's claim to the throne. To placate him, Nara Narayan had to anoint Raghudev as a vassal chief of the portion of the kingdom east of the

Lakshmi Narayan, came to be known as Cooch Behar. The division of the Kamata Kingdom into Koch Behar and Koch Hajo was permanent. Koch Behar aligned itself with the Mughal Empire and finally joined the India as a part of the West Bengal, whereas remnants of the Koch Hajo rulers aligned themselves with the Ahom kingdom and the region became a part of Assam
.

As the early capital of the Koch Kingdom, Cooch Behar's location was not static and became stable only when shifted to Cooch Behar town. Maharaja Rup Narayan, on the advice of an unknown saint, transferred the capital from Attharokotha to

Torsa river
between 1693 and 1714. The capital has always been in or near its present location since then.

In 1661 CE, Maharaja Pran Narayan planned to expand his kingdom. However,

Aurangazeb, attacked Cooch Behar and conquered the territory, meeting almost no resistance.[6] The town of Cooch Behar was subsequently named Alamgirnagar.[7]
Maharaja Pran Narayan regained his kingdom within a few days.

British Raj

1907 Map of Bengal with Sikkim
Main article: Cooch Behar State

In 1772–1773, the king of

British East India Company on 5 April 1773. After expelling the Bhutanese, Cooch Behar became a princely kingdom under the protection of British East India company.[8]

The

Keshab Chandra Sen. This union led to a renaissance in Cooch Behar state.[9] Maharaja Nripendra Narayan is known as the architect of modern Cooch Behar town.[10]

Post Independence

Under an agreement between the kings of Cooch Behar and the Indian Government at the end of British rule, Maharaja Jagaddipendra Narayan transferred full authority, jurisdiction and power of the state to the Dominion Government of India, effective 12 September 1949.[11] Eventually, Cooch Bihar became part of the state of West Bengal on 19 January 1950, with Cooch Behar town as its headquarters.[11]

A geopolitical curiosity was that there were 92 Bangladeshi

exclaves, with a total area of 47.7 km2 in Cooch-Behar. Similarly, there were 106 Indian exclaves inside Bangladesh, with a total area of 69.5 km2. These were part of the high stake card or chess games centuries ago between two regional kings, the Raja of Cooch Behar and the Maharaja of Rangpur.[12]

Twenty-one of the Bangladeshi exclaves were within Indian exclaves, and three of the Indian exclaves were within Bangladeshi exclaves. The largest Indian exclave was Balapara Khagrabari which surrounded a Bangladeshi exclave, Upanchowki Bhajni, which itself surrounded an Indian exclave called

Indo-Bangladesh enclaves
.

Geography

Former exclaves of India and Bangladesh in and around Cooch Behar district

Cooch Behar is a district under the

Jalpaiguri and Alipurduar in the north, Dhubri and Kokrajhar district of Assam in the east and by Bangladesh in the west as well as in the south. The district forms part of the Himalayan Terai
of West Bengal.

A geopolitical curiosity was that there were 92 Bangladeshi

exclaves, with a total area of 47.7 km2 in Cooch-Behar. Similarly, there were 106 Indian exclaves inside Bangladesh, with a total area of 69.5 km2. These were part of the high stake card or chess games centuries ago between two regional kings, the Raja of Cooch Behar and the Maharaja of Rangpur.[12]

Twenty-one of the Bangladeshi exclaves were within Indian exclaves, and three of the Indian exclaves were within Bangladeshi exclaves. The largest Indian exclave was Balapara Khagrabari which surrounded a Bangladeshi exclave, Upanchowki Bhajni, which itself surrounded an Indian exclave called

Indo-Bangladesh enclaves
.

Rivers and topography

Cooch Behar is a flat region with a slight southeastern slope along which the main rivers of the district flow. Most of the highland areas are in the Sitalkuchi region and most of the low-lying lands lie in Dinhata region.

The rivers in the district of Cooch Behar generally flow from northwest to southeast. Seven rivers that cut through the district are the

Raidak, Gadadhar and Ghargharia
.

Flora and fauna

In 1976 Cooch Behar district became home to the Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary (now Jaldapara National Park), which has an area of 217 km2 (83.8 sq mi).[13] It shares the park with Alipurduar district.[13]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901565,116—    
1911591,012+0.45%
1921590,599−0.01%
1931589,053−0.03%
1941638,703+0.81%
1951668,949+0.46%
19611,019,806+4.31%
19711,414,183+3.32%
19811,771,643+2.28%
19912,171,145+2.05%
20012,479,155+1.34%
20112,819,086+1.29%
source:[14]

According to the

739).[15] The district has a population density of 833 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,160/sq mi).[15] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 13.86%.[15] Koch Bihar has a sex ratio of 942 females for every 1000 males,[15] and a literacy rate of 75.49%.[15] 10.27% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 1,414,336 (50.17%) and 18,125 (0.64%) of the population respectively. Cooch Behar is the only district in India where Scheduled Castes make up a majority of the population.[1]

Religion

Religions in Cooch Behar district (2011)[17]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 74.05%
Islam
 
 25.54%
Other or not stated
 
 0.41%
Religion in present-day Cooch Behar district
Religion Population (1941)[18]: 104–105  Percentage (1941) Population (2011)[17] Percentage (2011)
Hinduism 394,948 61.63% 2,087,766 74.05%
Islam 242,684 37.87% 720,033 25.54%
Others[a] 3,210 0.5% 11,287 0.41%
Total Population 640,842 100% 2,819,086 100%

Hinduism is the majority religion. Islam is the minority religion, and is mainly rural. Muslims are a significant minority in Dinhata I (36.98%), Dinhata II (36.68%) and Sitalkuchi (35.31%) blocks.[17]

Language

Languages of Cooch Behar district (2011)[19]

  Bengali (94.79%)
  'Other' Bengali (2.01%)
  Rajbongshi (1.31%)
  Hindi (1.17%)
  Others (0.72%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 94.79% of the population spoke Bengali, 1.31% Rajbongshi and 1.17% Hindi as their first language. 2.01% of the population recorded their language as 'Others' under Bengali.[19]

Government and politics

Divisions

Sub-divisions

The district of Cooch Behar comprises five sub-divisions:

Assembly constituencies

As per order of the 2008

delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the district is divided into 9 assembly constituencies:[20]

Politics

No. Constituency Name Party Remarks
1 Mekliganj Paresh Chandra Adhikary
All India Trinamool Congress
2 Mathabhanga Sushil Barman Bharatiya Janata Party
3
Cooch Behar Uttar
 Sukumar Roy Bharatiya Janata Party
4
Cooch Behar Dakshin
 Nikhil Ranjan Dey Bharatiya Janata Party
5 Sitalkuchi Baren Chandra Barman Bharatiya Janata Party
6 Sitai Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia
All India Trinamool Congress
7 Dinhata Nisith Pramanik
Bharatiya Janta Party
 Resigned[21]
Udayan Guha[BYE]
All India Trinamool Congress
 Won in 2021 bypoll
8 Natabari Mihir Goswami Bharatiya Janata Party Deputy Leader of Opposition
9 Tufanganj Malati Rava Roy Bharatiya Janata Party

Mekliganj, Mathabhanga, Cooch Behar Uttar, Sitalkuchi and Sitai constituencies are reserved for

Alipurduars (Lok Sabha constituency), which also contains six assembly segments from Alipurduar
and Jalpaiguri districts.

Education

Towns and villages

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Census of India : Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Population". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  2. ^ Pal, Dr. Nripendra Nath (2000). Itikathai Cooch Behar (A brief history of Cooch Behar). Kolkata: Anima Prakashani. pp. 11–12.
  3. ^ The name Cooch Behar is a compound of two words: Cooch and Behar. Cooch is a corrupted form of Coch or Koch, the name of an ethnic group of people inhabiting largely in vast tract of land to the north-east of Bengal. Behar or more properly Vihara denotes abode or sport. Cooch Behar means, therefore, the abode or land of the Koches. Ray, B.. CENSUS 1961 WEST BENGAL. GOVERNMENT PRINTING, WEST BENGAL, 1961, p.20
  4. ISBN 8170991099
  5. ^ "Royal History of Cooch Behar". Retrieved 22 October 2006.
  6. ^ Pal, Dr. Nripendra Nath (2000). Itikathai Cooch Behar (A brief history of Cooch Behar). Kolkata: Anima Prakashani. p. 68.
  7. ^ a b Bhattacharyya, PK (2012). "Kamata-Koch Behar". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  8. ^ Pal, Dr. Nripendra Nath (2000). Itikathai Cooch Behar (A brief history of Cooch Behar). Kolkata: Anima Prakashani. p. 73.
  9. ^ Pal, Dr. Nripendra Nath (2000). Itikathai Cooch Behar (A brief history of Cooch Behar). Kolkata: Anima Prakashani. p. 75.
  10. ^ "Royal History of Cooch Behar 5". Retrieved 22 October 2006.
  11. ^ a b "Brief Royal History of Cooch Behar 5". Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2006.
  12. ^ a b "A Great Divide". Time. 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 19 April 2011.
  13. ^ a b Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: Sikkim". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
  14. ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  15. ^ a b c d e f "District Census Handbook: Cooch Behar" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  16. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Jamaica 2,868,380 July 2011 est
  17. ^ a b c "Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  18. ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI BENGAL PROVINCE" (PDF). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  19. ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  20. ^ "Press Note, Delimitation Commission" (PDF). Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal. Delimitation Commission. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  21. ^ "Two West Bengal BJP MPs resign as MLAs after directive from party leadership". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  1. ^ Including Jainism, Buddhism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated

Further reading

  • Moore, Lucy (2004) Maharanis: The Extraordinary Tale Of Four Indian Queens And Their Journey From Purdah To Parliament, Penguin,
    ISBN 0-670-03368-5

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cooch Behar district.

26°19′27″N 89°27′04″E / 26.32419°N 89.45103°E / 26.32419; 89.45103

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cooch_Behar_district&oldid=1212177436"