Cooktown, Queensland
Cooktown Federal division(s) | Leichhardt | ||||||||||||||
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Cooktown is a coastal town and
Cooktown is one of the few large towns in the Cape York Peninsula and was founded on 25 October 1873 as a supply port for the goldfields along the
Geography
Cooktown is located about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) north of Brisbane and 328 kilometres (204 mi) north of Cairns, by road. Cooktown is about 857 kilometres (533 mi) south of Cape York by road.[citation needed]
Cooktown is at the mouth of the
The rugged Mount Cook (431 metres (1,414 ft)) was named by Phillip Parker King on 27 June 1818, after James Cook.[8] It forms a backdrop to the town and is now part of the Mount Cook National Park.[9]
The area around Cooktown is unusually rich in biodiversity, being close to three major ecozones. Hence, it contains a large proportion of the 3,000 plant species, and the more than 500 terrestrial vertebrates, recorded on Cape York Peninsula.[10] The region contains many rare or unusual species that are of great interest to botanists and zoologists.[citation needed]
History
Aboriginal history
In the local Guugu Yimithirr language the name for the region is Gangaar Aboriginal pronunciation: [ɡ̊anˈɡaːr], which means "(Place of the) Rock Crystals". Quartz crystals were used in various Aboriginal ceremonies across the continent and are found in the vicinity; they were traded from the Cooktown region at least as far as Mossman, about 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of Cooktown, and possibly much further.[citation needed]
Arrival of Captain Cook
The site of modern Cooktown was the meeting place of two vastly different cultures when, in June 1770, the local Aboriginal
The captain of the Endeavour, Lieutenant James Cook, wrote: "... it was happy for us that a place of refuge was at hand; for we soon found that the ship would not work, and it is remarkable that in the whole course of our voyage we had seen no place that our present circumstances could have afforded us the same relief".[citation needed]
The British crew spent seven weeks on the site of present-day Cooktown, repairing their ship, replenishing food and water supplies, and caring for their sick.[
After some weeks, Joseph Banks met and spoke with the local people, recording about 50 Guugu Yimithirr words, including the name of the intriguing animal the natives called gangurru (which he transcribed as "Kangaru"). Cook recorded the local name as "Kangooroo, or Kanguru".[13]
The first recorded sighting of kangaroos by Europeans was on Grassy Hill, which rises above the place where the ship was beached. Cook climbed this hill to work out a safe passage for the Endeavour to sail through the surrounding reefs, after it was repaired.[citation needed]
"The visit on the 19th of July 1770 ended in a skirmish after Cook refused to share the turtles he kept on the Endeavour with the local inhabitants. They set fire to the grass around Cook’s camp twice, burning the area and killing a suckling pig. After Cook wounded one of the men with a musket, they ran away. Cook, Banks and some others followed them and caught up with them on a rocky bar near Furneaux Street, which is now known as Reconciliation Rocks. A "little old man" appeared from the group of Indigenous Australians and they were reconciled. This was an important historic event as it is believed that this is the first recorded reconciliation between Europeans and Indigenous Australians ever".[14]
Cook named the river the "Endeavour" after his ship, and, as they sailed north, he hoisted the flag known as the "Queen Anne Jack" and claimed possession of the whole eastern coast of Australia for Britain. He named Cape York Peninsula after the then-Duke of York and Albany ("The Grand Old Duke of York").[citation needed]
- "In 1886 the people of Cooktown were anxious to recover the brass guns of the Endeavour which were thrown overboard, in order to place them as a memento in their town; but they could not be found, which is not altogether surprising."[15]
In 1969 an American-sponsored expedition discovered six of Cook's cannons, as well as ballast from his ship. These artifacts are now in various museums around the world.[16]
Expedition of Phillip Parker King
The next recorded European expedition to the area was in 1819, when Captain Phillip Parker King on board HMS Mermaid, visited the Endeavour River during his surveying voyage around Australia. They camped for two weeks at the mouth of the river in order to construct a new dinghy, and had mostly friendly interactions with the local Aboriginal people until an argument occurred over the possession of clothes. Spears and musket-fire were exchanged but no injuries were sustained. A botanist, Allan Cunningham, accompanied King on this journey and collected numerous botanical specimens for the British Museum and Kew Gardens. King returned again to the region in 1820 as part of the same surveying expedition and this time collated a small record of the local Aboriginal language. He established that Captain Cook was incorrect in the interpretation of the word kangaroo, with King noting that menuah was the local name for the large
Port for the Palmer River Goldfields
In 1872,
MacMillan soon after led an expedition of 110 diggers, police and officials to blaze a trail from Cooktown to the
The
Township of Cooktown
Population estimates vary widely, but there were probably around 7,000 people in the area and about 4,000 permanent residents in the town by 1880. At that time, Cooktown boasted a large number of hotels and guest houses. There were 47 licensed pubs within the town boundaries in 1874 although this number had dropped to 27 by the beginning of 1880. There were also a number of illegal grog shops and several brothels. There were bakeries, a brewery and a soft drinks factory, dressmakers and milliners, a brickworks, a cabinetmaker, and two newspapers.[citation needed]
The port of Cooktown served the nearby goldfields and, during the goldrush of the 1870s, a Chinese community many thousands strong grew up in the goldfields and in the town itself. The Chinese played an important role in the early days of Cooktown. They came originally as prospectors, but many established market gardens, supplying the town and the goldfields with fruit, vegetables and rice, while others opened shops.[citation needed]
However, largely through cultural misunderstandings, conflict broke out between the Aboriginal people and the new settlers, and the diggers. The Cooktown Herald, 8 December 1875, reported: "The natives wholly ignorant of the terrible firepower of fire-arms, and confiding in their numbers, showed a ferocity and daring wholly unexpected and unsurpassed. Grasping the very muzzles of the rifles they attempted to wrest them from the hands of the whites, standing to be shot down, rather than yield an inch...." It was an unequal struggle. Whole tribes were wiped out as European settlement spread over Cape York Peninsula.[citation needed]
In 1887, a Chinese Investigation Commission to South-East Asia arrived in Cooktown from Canton to investigate the social conditions of Chinese living in the colonies and to establish consulates in them. The visit went well, General Wong Yung Ho was pleased with what they had found, and cheers were exchanged between the Commission members and local residents as they left on 7 August 1887.[26]
Transport was an ongoing problem for the new settlers. Getting supplies and people to the goldfields often took three weeks. After every wet season the tracks and bridges had to be remade. A railway line from Cooktown to Maytown, was planned, but it took five years to get the 67 miles (108 km) to Laura – and that is where it stopped.[27] By that time the gold was petering out, so the Queensland Government refused further funding for the venture.[citation needed]
In spite of this, the train proved to be a lifeline for the Peninsula people connecting the hinterland to Cooktown, from where one could catch a boat to
The Cooktown Parish of the Roman Catholic Church was established in 1874 with the Cooktown becoming the seat of the
Cooktown's magnificent Botanic Garden of 62 hectares (150 acres) was established near the town in 1878. Much work was done in the early stages – with wells sunk, water reticulated, garden beds enclosed, stone-lined paths, stone-pitched pools and footbridges made, and lawns, trees and shrubs planted. Although the gardens fell into disrepair, in recent years they have been expanded and are a popular destination for botanists and nature lovers. Most of the early stonework has been restored, and beautiful walking tracks lead the visitor through the Botanic Garden to the magnificent beaches at Finch Bay and Cherry Tree Bay.[citation needed]
In 1881, a bridge over the Endeavour River was completed, which opened up the richer pastoral lands of the Endeavour and McIvor River valleys. Tin was found in the Annan River area, south of Cooktown, in 1884.[citation needed]
In 1886, Lutheran missionaries came to Cooktown to establish a secure place for the Aboriginal people who were living in abominable conditions on the edge of the town. Missions were established at Elim on the beach (later they moved inland to
In 1893 the town was described as follows:
- "Cooktown, which now stands on the Endeavour River, is a thriving place, and the northernmost town on this coast. It has some 2000 inhabitants, and is the port for a gold mining district. A deeper channel has now been dredged over the bar that gave Cook so much trouble, but it is not a harbour that will admit large vessels."[15]
With the gold rush over, the number of people living in the area started dwindling. Two major fires struck Cooktown – in 1875 and, again, in 1919 when whole blocks of buildings in the main street were burned to the ground. A major cyclone in 1907 added to the destruction.[citation needed]
World War II
By 1940, little evidence of Cooktown or Maytown's interesting past remained. During the
In October 1942 detachments of 16 Australian Field Company,
Since World War II
In 1949, another cyclone devastated the town, and Cooktown's population declined further.[citation needed]
With the closure of the rail link to Laura in 1961 and the "Peninsula Development Road" opened up to the south, the population declined to just a few hundred people before it gradually began to climb again.[citation needed]
Since then, Cooktown and the Endeavour River Valley area have become a major attraction to biologists and illustrators of plants and animals. Vera Scarth-Johnson (1912–1999), spent almost thirty years (1972 to 1999) illustrating the flowering plants of the region and then gave her collection to the people of Cooktown. Following her wishes, a beautiful gallery and nature interpretive centre was built in the Cooktown Botanic Gardens to house her collection and promote the study and appreciation of the flora and fauna of the area, which she named "Nature's Powerhouse."[34]
The Cooktown Public Library opened in 1995 and underwent a major refurbishment in 2013 and a minor refurbishment in 2015.[35]
21st century
In 2015 the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns opened the Holy Spirit College as a secondary school for disengaged and marginalised young people. It has with two campuses, one in Cooktown and one in Cairns. The school draws students from a wide area. The Cooktown campus includes a 32-bed boarding facility to offer weekly boarding so that students can return to their families and communities on the weekends.[36]
In the 2016 census the locality of Cooktown had a population of 2,631 people.[1]
Economy
Cooktown has become a popular tourist destination. The paving of the Mulligan Highway now provides all-weather access by road for the first time. There are two flights a day connecting Cooktown with Cairns. The town now has good communications, more services, better roads, and offers residents a relaxed and healthy lifestyle.[citation needed]
Fewer than 2,000 people live in the town itself while about another 4,000 in the region use it as a service centre.[citation needed]
Cooktown is a service centre for the district including the Aboriginal communities of Hope Vale, 47 kilometres (29 mi) to the northwest, and Wujal Wujal, 72 kilometres (45 mi) to the south.[citation needed]
Heritage listings
Cooktown has a number of
- Adelaide, Charlotte, Furneaux, Green, Helen, Hogg, Hope and Walker Streets and Webber Esplanade: Early Granite Kerbing and Channelling[37]
- 120 Charlotte Street: Westpac Bank Building[38]
- 121 Charlotte Street: Cook Shire Council Chambers (now Cooktown History Centre)[39]
- 124 Charlotte Street: Seagren's Building[40]
- 126 Charlotte Street: Ferrari Estates Building[41]
- Charlotte Street: Cooks Monument and Reserve[42]
- Charlotte Street: Cooktown Cemetery[43]
- Charlotte Street: Mary Watson's Monument[44]
- Finch Bay Road: Gallop Botanic Reserve, incorporating Cooktown Botanic Gardens[45]
- Furneaux Street: Cooktown Museum (formerly James Cook Historical Museum)[46]
- Grassy Hill: Grassy Hill Light[47]
- Helen Street: Cook Shire Hall[48]
- May Street: Old Cooktown Hospital (now Jehovah's Witness Kingdom Hall)[49]
- Webber Esplanade: Cooktown Powder Magazine[50]
Population
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 2,631 people in Cooktown.
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 14.5% of the population.
- 69.9% of people were born in Australia and 78.4% of people spoke only English at home.
The most common response for religion was No Religion at 31.5%.[1]
Education
Cooktown State School is a government primary and secondary (Prep–12) school for boys and girls at Cnr May & Charles Streets (15°28′55″S 145°15′03″E / 15.4820°S 145.2507°E).[51][52] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 394 students with 40 teachers (39 full-time equivalent) and 33 non-teaching staff (20 full-time equivalent) including students from Rossville and Lakeland.[53] It includes a special education program.[51]
Endeavour Christian College is a private primary and secondary (Prep–11) school for boys and girls at 12 Charles Street (15°28′56″S 145°15′18″E / 15.4822°S 145.2549°E).[51][54] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 126 students with 16 teachers (13 full-time equivalent) and 10 non-teaching staff (7 full-time equivalent).[53]
Holy Spirit College is a Catholic secondary (7–10) school for boys and girls at the corner of Hope and Burkitt Streets (15°28′57″S 145°14′54″E / 15.4825°S 145.2484°E).[51][55] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 85 students with 11 teachers (10 full-time equivalent) and 17 non-teaching staff (16 full-time equivalent).[53]
Amenities
The Cook Shire Council operates a public library at 33 Helen Street.[56]
The Cooktown branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at 107 Charlotte Street.[57]
There is a Police-Citizens Youth Club (PCYC) at 3 May Street in Cooktown with amenities including a gymnasium and function rooms.[58]
St Mary's Catholic Church is at 8 Furneaux Street. It is within the Cooktown Parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns.[28]
Cooktown has a bowling green, swimming pool, golf, tennis and turf clubs, historic cemetery, Chinese shrine, Cooktown Museum, Botanic Gardens with walks through to the beaches, the
The Information Centre and an Environment Display are in Nature's Powerhouse in the Cooktown Botanic Garden.[citation needed]
There is an active Aboriginal Community Centre on the main street called Gungarde (from the original Guugu Yimithirr name for the region).
Events
The Cooktown Re-enactment Association started performing a re-enactment of Cook's 1770 landing in 1959 and have continued the tradition each year, with many of the local Guugu Yimithirr people as enthusiastic supporters.
Cooktown was to have held an "Expo 2020" festival to mark 250 years since the arrival of Cook, but due to the
Attractions
Cooktown is of particular interest to botanists since the time of James Cook's visit when extensive collections and illustrations were made of local plants. It is situated at the junction of several vegetation zones including tropical rainforest, sclerophyll forests, sandy dunes and lagoons. Vera Scarth-Johnson, a local resident, gave a priceless collection of her botanical illustrations to the people of Cooktown, which are now housed in a dedicated gallery at Nature's PowerHouse situated in the Botanic Gardens, and features displays of local flora and fauna.[citation needed]
The "Milbi Wall" (or "Story Wall")[63] marks the place of the first encounter between the British seafarers and the local Aborigines. The Milbi ('Story') Wall tells the story of Cooktown and the Endeavour River from the perspective of the Aboriginal people in tiles, and is an outstanding monument to reconciliation.[citation needed]
Charlotte Street is the main heritage precinct.[64]
Cooktown is the northern terminus of the
Climate
Cooktown Airport, Queensland, Australia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Cooktown has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). The wet season from mid-November to April, is typically hot and humid but sea breezes and rainfall keep temperatures at bay. The dry season from May to mid-November is less hot and humid, though unlike most of tropical Australia onshore winds still produce some light showers. The highest daily rainfall in Cooktown has been 405.4 millimetres (16.0 in) on 22 January 1914 and the record monthly rainfall 1,322.6 millimetres (52.1 in) in January 1979. The driest calendar year was 2002 with only 578.8 millimetres (22.8 in) at the newer Cooktown Airport site[65] and the wettest 1903 with 3,128.1 millimetres (123.2 in).[citation needed]
Climate data for Cooktown Airport, Queensland, Australia (2000–present normals and extremes); 5 m AMSL | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 38.7 (101.7) |
38.2 (100.8) |
37.0 (98.6) |
33.7 (92.7) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.9 (91.2) |
30.4 (86.7) |
34.6 (94.3) |
36.3 (97.3) |
38.0 (100.4) |
43.9 (111.0) |
40.6 (105.1) |
43.9 (111.0) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 34.6 (94.3) |
34.9 (94.8) |
32.6 (90.7) |
30.6 (87.1) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.0 (86.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
33.0 (91.4) |
34.4 (93.9) |
34.9 (94.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.0 (89.6) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.6 (87.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.3 (79.3) |
27.3 (81.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.5 (86.9) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.4 (90.3) |
29.6 (85.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 28.2 (82.8) |
28.1 (82.6) |
27.3 (81.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.9 (76.8) |
26.5 (79.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.5 (83.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.4 (75.9) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.5 (65.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
22.5 (72.5) |
23.9 (75.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
22.1 (71.8) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | 23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.0 (71.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
15.9 (60.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
11.9 (53.4) |
12.9 (55.2) |
16.8 (62.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
11.9 (53.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) |
20.7 (69.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
15.4 (59.7) |
9.1 (48.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
7.1 (44.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 311.3 (12.26) |
321.9 (12.67) |
377.3 (14.85) |
167.0 (6.57) |
49.8 (1.96) |
35.6 (1.40) |
21.1 (0.83) |
14.8 (0.58) |
8.9 (0.35) |
23.9 (0.94) |
62.2 (2.45) |
170.7 (6.72) |
1,564.5 (61.58) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 16.0 | 14.9 | 17.5 | 11.8 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 4.6 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 9.0 | 101.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
73.0 | 76.0 | 75.5 | 72.0 | 70.0 | 71.0 | 69.0 | 64.5 | 61.5 | 60.0 | 61.5 | 66.0 | 68.3 |
Average dew point °C (°F) | 23.5 (74.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.3 (73.9) |
21.6 (70.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
18.6 (65.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
18.1 (64.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
20.7 (69.3) |
22.5 (72.5) |
20.5 (68.8) |
Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology (2000–present normals and extremes)[66]
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See also
References
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- ^ a b c "Cooktown (town) (entry 8055)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ a b c "Cooktown (locality) (entry 46124)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ a b "Cooktown Queensland, Australia". Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ Pike (1979), p. 23.
- ISBN 0-207-18778-9; pp. 27–28.
- ^ Pike (1979), p. 26.
- ^ Narrative of a Survey Volume 1 Archived 21 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine King's journal online.
- ^ "Mount Cook National Park - EPA". Archived from the original on 13 June 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2009. National Parks website.
- ^ Peter Harris in Scarth-Johnson (2000), pp. 7–8.
- CC-BY-4.0 licensed text from: "Guugu Yimithirr". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
- CC-BY-4.0 licensed text from: "Yalanji". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ^ From Cook's Journal Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "James Cook, the Endeavour River and Cooktown". Australian National Trust. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015.
With many thanks to the Cooktown Re-enactment Association for the information found in their booklet 'Historical Endeavours. The Endeavour River/Waalumbaal Birri. Where Australia's history began in 1770'
- ^ from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ "Endeavour cannon". Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ^ King, Phillip Parker (1827). Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia Vol. 1. London: John Murray.
- ^ Hann, William (1873). Copy of the Diary of the Northern Expedition under the leadership of Mr William Hann. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
- ^ Mulligan, James V. (1875). Guide to the Palmer River and Normanby goldfields. Brisbane: George Slater & Co. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
- ^ "EXPEDITION TO THE ENDEAVOUR". The Telegraph. No. 349. Queensland, Australia. 11 November 1873. p. 3. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "OFFICIAL NOTIFICATIONS". The Telegraph. No. 406. Queensland, Australia. 17 January 1874. p. 3. Retrieved 18 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "BLACK AND WHITE IN QUEENSLAND". The Telegraph. No. 428. Queensland, Australia. 12 February 1874. p. 3. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "THE PALMER". The Telegraph. No. 410. Queensland, Australia. 22 January 1874. p. 3. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- The Brisbane Courier. No. 20, 620. Queensland, Australia. 23 February 1924. p. 19. Archivedfrom the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 10 May 2014.[dead link]
- ^ "The 1887 visit of Chinese Commissioners." Cooktown Local News, 26 November – 2 December 2010, p. 9.
- ^ The Cooktown Railway Knowles, John Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, May 1958 pp. 65–82.
- ^ a b "Cooktown Parish". Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
- ^ Travel Cooktown Attractions and Events Information, Queensland, Australia Archived 6 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 1-86252-311-8, pp. 112–116.
- ^ Sinclair (2005), pp. 16–19.
- ISBN 9780646547039.
- ^ Sinclair (2005), p. 68.
- ^ Scarth-Johnson (2000), Introduction.
- ^ "The Queensland Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016–2017" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
- ^ "About Us". Holy Spirit College – Cairns and Cooktown. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
- ^ "Early Granite Kerbing and Channelling, Cooktown (entry 601731)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Westpac Bank, Cooktown (entry 600419)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Cook Shire Council Chambers (entry 601535)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Motor Inn Motel (entry 600420)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Ferrari Estates Building (entry 600422)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Cooks Monument and Reserve (entry 601044)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Cooktown Cemetery (entry 601147)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Mary Watson's Monument (entry 600421)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Gallop Botanic Reserve, incorporating Cooktown Botanic Gardens (entry 601696)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "James Cook Historical Museum (entry 600423)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Grassy Hill Lighthouse (entry 601241)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Cook Shire Hall (entry 601704)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Cooktown Hospital (former) (entry 600424)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Cooktown Powder Magazine (entry 600425)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ a b c d "State and non-state school details". Queensland Government. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ^ "Cooktown State School". Archived from the original on 24 August 2003. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ^ a b c "ACARA School Profile 2018". Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
- ^ "Endeavour Christian College". Archived from the original on 27 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ^ "Holy Spirit College". Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ^ "Cooktown Library". Public Libraries Connect. Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
- ^ "Branch Locations". Queensland Country Women's Association. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
- ^ "PCYC Cooktown". PCYC Queensland. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
- ^ "Cooktown Re-enactment Association". Cooktown Re-enactment Association. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ^ a b Kim, Sharnie; Stephen, Adam (19 June 2020). "Cooktown's Indigenous people help commemorate 250 years since Captain Cook's landing with re-enactment". Australia: ABC News. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- ^ "Cooktown & Cape York Expo 2021". Cooktown & Cape York Expo 2021. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- Cook Shire Council. Archived from the originalon 4 June 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- ^ Milbi Wall Cooktown Queensland Australia Archived 26 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Cooktown". Centre for the Government of Queensland. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
- ^ Climate Statistics for Cooktown Airport Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archivedfrom the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
Sources
- Pike, Glenville (1979). Queen of the North: A Pictorial History of Cooktown and Cape York Peninsula. G. Pike. ISBN 0-9598960-5-8.
- Shay, John, ed. (2009). Cooktown Through the Years. Edited John Shay, The Cooktown & District Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-646-51650-9.
- Scarth-Johnson, Vera. 2000. National Treasures: Flowering plants of Cooktown and Northern Australia. Vera Scarth-Johnson Gallery Association, Cooktown. ISBN 0-646-39725-7Limited Edition – Leather Bound.
- Sinclair, Don. 2005. Cooktown at War: A Record of Activities in Cooktown During World War II. Edition 2. Cooktown and District Historical Society. First Edition 1997.
Further reading
- Aughton, Peter. 2002. Endeavour: The Story of Captain Cook's First Great Epic Voyage. Cassell & Co., London.
- Duyker, Edward. 1998. Nature's Argonaut: Daniel Solander 1733–1782: Naturalist and Voyager with Cook and Banks. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 0-522-84753-6
- Edwards, Philip, ed. 2003. James Cook: The Journals. Prepared from the original manuscripts by J.C. Beaglehole 1955–67. Penguin Books, London.
- Harbours & Marine: Port & Harbour Development in Queensland from 1824 to 1985. 1986. Department of Harbours & Marine, Queensland. ISBN 0-7242-1638-3.
- Hough, Richard. 1994. Captain James Cook: a biography. Hodder and Stoughton, London. ISBN 0-340-58598-6.
- McIvor, Roy (2010). Cockatoo: My Life in Cape York. Stories and Art. Roy McIvor. Magabala Books. Broome, Western Australia. ISBN 978-1-921248-22-1.
- Moon, Ron & Viv. 2003. Cape York: An Adventurer's Guide. 9th edition. Moon Adventure Publications, Pearcedale, Victoria. ISBN 0-9578766-4-5
- O'Brien, Patrick. 1987. Joseph Banks: A Life. The Harvill Press, London. Paperback reprint, 1989. ISBN 1-86046-406-8
- Ryan, Michelle and Burwell, Colin, eds. 2000. Wildlife of Tropical North Queensland: Cooktown to Mackay. Queensland Museum, Brisbane. ISBN 0-7242-9349-3.
- Sydney Daily Telegraph. 1970. Captain Cook: His Artists – His Voyages. The Sydney Daily Telegraph Portfolio of Original Works by Artists who sailed with Captain Cook. Australian Consolidated Press, Sydney.
- Theroux, Paul. 2001. The Happy Isles of Oceania: Paddling the Pacific . Penguin. London. ISBN 978-0-14-015976-9
- Thomas, Nicholas. 2003. The Extraordinary Voyages of Captain James Cook. Walker & Co., New York. ISBN 0-8027-1412-9
- Wallace, Lennie. 2000. Nomads of the 19th Century Queensland Goldfields. Central Queensland University Press, Rockhampton. ISBN 1-875998-89-6
- Wallace, Lennie. 2003. Cape York Peninsula: A History of Unlauded Heroes 1845–2003. Central Queensland University Press, Rockhampton. ISBN 1-876780-43-6
- Williams, Glyndwr, ed. 1997. Captain Cook's Voyages: 1768–1779. The Folio Society, London.
External links
- "Cooktown". Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland.
- "Town map of Cooktown". Queensland Government. 1981.
- Cook Shire official website
- Tourism Cape York website
- The Milbi (or 'Story') Wall. Made by local Aboriginal people telling their story and Cooktown's history in ceramic tiles
- Cooktown Orchid