Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum
96th Street | |
Website | www.cooperhewitt.org |
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Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum is a
History
Early history
In 1895, several granddaughters of the politician and businessman
Early in the museum's history, the Cooper Union Museum received three textile collections from J. P. Morgan and drawings by Giovanni Baglione.[8] The three sisters served as directors of the Museum until Sarah Cooper Hewitt died in 1930. After her death, four directors were appointed to run the museum. Constance P. Hare served as chair. In 1938, Edwin S. Burdell became the director of the Cooper Union. The museum became his responsibility. The board of directors was abolished and an advisory council was established.[2] Through the mid-20th century, the museum's collection came to include furniture, wallpapers, leatherwork, millinery, ceramics, jewelry, textiles, and media such as drawings and prints.[7][9] The museum had begun to decline by the 1950s and 1960s, in part because it was in a hard-to-find location, and Cooper Union students preferred modern art over the museum's dated collections.[8]
Threats of closure
By the 1960s, the museum and college started to distance themselves from one another in regards to programming. Other departments of the Cooper Union were making financial demands.
The museum reopened September 16, 1963, with its future still uncertain.[17] That November, the Cooper Union accepted the American Association of Museums' offer to conduct a study on the future of the museum.[18] The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which was located nearby, offered to take over all of the museum's holdings.[3] By 1965, the Smithsonian Institution had begun negotiating to take over the museum from the Cooper Union.[19] At the time, the institution was rapidly expanding the number of artworks and artifacts in its other museums.[20]
Smithsonian operation
1960s and 1970s
On October 9, 1967, Smithsonian Secretary
In 1969, it was renamed again to the Cooper-Hewitt Museum of Decorative Arts and Design.
A
1980s and 1990s
The Cooper-Hewitt launched a master's degree program in conjunction with the Parsons School of Design in 1982.[42][43] Under Taylor's leadership, the museum also began offering additional educational programs both for adults and for children.[42] In the eight years after the Cooper-Hewitt reopened, it hosted over 100 temporary exhibitions.[29] Lisa Taylor announced her retirement in 1987,[44][45] and the Cooper-Hewitt celebrated the tenth anniversary of its occupancy of the Carnegie Mansion shortly thereafter.[46][47] At the time, in contrast to most Smithsonian museums, the Cooper-Hewitt relied on the Smithsonian for only one-third of its annual budget.[47] Dianne H. Pilgrim became the director in 1988,[48] and the museum was again renamed to Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum that year.[2] According to Pilgrim, the name change was intended to reflect the Cooper-Hewitt's purpose as a "design museum" that focused on the process of design, rather than a "museum of design" that focused on objects.[49]
The Smithsonian bought the McAlpin-Minot House at 11 East 90th Street in 1989 for $3.6 million,
Pilgrim announced in May 1995 that the exhibition galleries in the Carnegie Mansion would close for renovation,[58][59] and the renovation commenced that August.[60] The Carnegie Mansion's first-floor exhibit space reopened in September 1996,[61][62] Work on the passageway and design resources center continued through 1997,[61] and the renovation was not completed until 1998.[54][63]
2000s
Pilgrim retired from the museum in 2000,
Thompson originally did not want to expand the museum, but he changed his mind after the museum experienced staffing, budgetary, and exhibit shortages.
The Cooper-Hewitt hired
2010s to present
Bill Moggridge, a co-founder of IDEO and designer of the first laptop computer, served as Cooper-Hewitt's director in January 2011.[82][81] The Carnegie Mansion was closed to the public in July 2011, during which the museum held exhibitions at the headquarters of the United Nations[83] and on Governors Island.[84] The museum opened a new online retail shop in 2012.[85] That year, the Cooper-Hewitt created an additional space in Harlem as an education facility. Designer Todd Oldham donated design services for the space.[86][87] After Moggridge's death in 2012,[88] Caroline Baumann was named as the museum's director in June 2013.[89][90]
In June 2014, the museum's name was changed again to Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum.
The Cooper Hewitt hired conservator Cass Fino-Radin in 2016 to review the museum's digital collection, a process which took two years.[98] Baumann resigned as director in February 2020, following an investigation by the Smithsonian's inspector general concerning her wedding[99][100] to John Stewart Malcolmson in 2018.[101] In response, several of the museum's board member threatened to resign, claiming Baumann had been improperly forced out.[102] In February 2022, Maria Nicanor was appointed as the museum's director.[103][104]
Collection
The Cooper Hewitt collections consist of decorative and design objects. The museum's original collection focused on architecture, sculpture, painted architecture, decorative arts,
Visual art collection
The museum holds the world's largest collection of works on paper by Hudson River School painter Frederic Edwin Church.[110] By 1976, the museum's collection included 200 Tiepolo paintings, 2,000 F. E. Church sketches, and a large number of Winslow Homer drawings.[32] In 2002, a rare 16th-century drawing from Michelangelo (for which the Cooper Union Museum had paid $60 in 1962) was discovered in the Cooper-Hewitt's collection.[111]
Furniture collection
The Cooper Hewitt also has a large furniture collection.
Other objects
Upon its opening,
The museum has held notable objects in its collection such as John Lennon's psychedelic Rolls-Royce.[119] The car was donated by Lennon and Yoko Ono in 1978 and was auctioned off at Sotheby's in mid-1985 for $2.09 million.[119][120] A punch bowl replicated by Eleanor Roosevelt, a scarlet Valentine Olivetti typewriter, and an Adrian Saxe vase were also part of the collection.[115]
Exhibitions
Exhibitions at the Cooper Hewitt explore the history and culture of design and decorative arts. Shows have historically focused on singular topics.[41] The first themed shows were organized by Cooper Union Museum director Calvin S. Hathaway in 1933; beforehand, the objects in the museum's collections were primarily used for academic purposes.[118]
Before the 1970s
The museum hosted two special exhibitions at the 1964 New York World's Fair.[121] A 1968 exhibition called "Please Be Seated", focused on contemporary chairs.[122]
1970s to 1990s
When the Cooper-Hewitt showcased its own collections in 1992, it was the longest-running show in the museum's history at the time, lasting 17 months.[106]
Traveling exhibitions
The museum also tours exhibits through the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. The first exhibit they toured was 1978's "Close Observation: Selected Oil Sketches by
2000s to present
The jewelry of
Other exhibitions at the museum have included
In Cooper Hewitt's Face Values installation for the LONDON DESIGN BIENNALE 2018, a live facial data became the basis of dynamic graphic images and provocative conversations between humans and machines. The exhibition explored alternative uses of technologies that were typically used for security, surveillance, and behavioural profiling. Curated by Ellen Lupton, the installation was awarded with the LONDON DESIGN BIENNALE EMOTIONAL STATED MEDAL WINNER 2018.[152]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Cooper Hewitt launched a digital exhibition platform.[153] Designed by Linked by Air, the platform allows users to explore objects one by one in thematic sequences, much they would wander around the physical galleries of an exhibition.[154]
Programs
Outreach
The museum's National Design Education Center is sponsored by Target. Ongoing programs for preschoolers on up are offered, along with summer camps, professional development, educator resources, and even a master's program.[155][156] In 2012, the Cooper Hewitt started work on its Harlem location, designed by Todd Oldham and sponsored by Target, which provided free workshops and programming.[86]
Initiatives
The Cooper Hewitt is home to the
In the early 2000s, the Cooper-Hewitt's website displayed only 500 of the 250,000 items in the museum's collection. The website was overhauled in 2006, following a $2 million gift from some of the museum's board members; the updated website provided educational programs and photographs of other objects in the museum's collection.
Building
The Cooper Hewitt is located in the
The museum closed for a $20 million renovation in 1995,[149] reopening the next year.[163] Another renovation was completed in 2014;[94][95] that renovation cost $91 million[95] and was the largest in the museum's history, partially financed by the museum endowment.[82] To celebrate the reopening of the museum in 2015, the Cooper Hewitt released a downloadable 3D scan of the building.[164]
Library and study rooms
The museum's library was originally known as the Doris and Henry Dreyfuss Study Center.[162][165] The library was described in the 1980s as comprising 45,000 volumes (including 4,000 rare copies), over 1.5 million pictures, and various design journals and magazines. Its holdings covered such disparate subjects as interior, industrial, and graphic design; furniture; and theater.[165] The Cooper Hewitt also includes the Drue Heinz Study Center for Drawings and Prints and the Henry Luce Study Room for American Art,[166][167] which were added to the museum in the 1990s.[168]
Attendance
The Cooper Hewitt is the only Smithsonian museum to charge an admission fee to visitors. The museum receives approximately $500,000 a year in revenue from admissions.[169]
The museum recorded about 12,000 monthly visitors, or 144,000 annual visitors, by 2002.[69] As of 2023[update], the museum sees approximately 150,000 visitors a year.[170]
Reception and commentary
When the Cooper-Hewitt moved into the Carnegie Mansion, a Newsday critic called the first exhibition "an unprecedented opportunity to see a museum as a mind-expanding playground".[34] The Washington Post wrote that it was "the foremost American museum of antique and contemporary design".[32] Both the Post and The Boston Globe wrote that the Cooper-Hewitt was similar in scale only to the Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.[32][118]
A critic for Condé Nast Traveler wrote that the "Cooper Hewitt is worth a visit both for the collection and also for the building itself".[105]
Publications
- Design and Social Impact: A Cross-Sectoral Agenda for Design Education, Research and Practice (2013). New York: Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum.
See also
- List of museums in New York City
- List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City
- List of design museums
Notes
References
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Further reading
- Dolkart, Andrew. Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum: The Andrew and Louise Carnegie Mansion : Art Spaces. New York: Scala Publishers (2002). ISBN 1857592689
- Ewing, Heather. (2014). Life of a Mansion: The Story of Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York. ISBN 978-0-910503-71-6