Copei
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COPEI, also referred to as the Social Christian Party (Spanish: Partido Socialcristiano) or Green Party (Spanish: Partido Verde), is a Christian democratic[5] party in Venezuela. The acronym stands for Comité de Organización Política Electoral Independiente (English: Independent Political Electoral Organization Committee), but this provisional full name has fallen out of use.[6] The party was influential during the twentieth century as a signatory of the Puntofijo Pact and influenced many politicians throughout Latin America at its peak.[7]
History
20th century
COPEI was founded on 13 January 1946 by Rafael Caldera.[6] COPEI, Democratic Action (AD) and Democratic Republican Union (URD) signed the Puntofijo Pact in October 1958, establishing themselves as the dominant political parties in the country.[8] Signatories and supporters of the Pact stated that it was created to preserve democracy and to share governorship between parties.[9] Critics believed that the Pact allowed signing parties to limit control over Venezuela's government to themselves.[10] URD would later leave the pact in 1962 following Cuba's removal from the Organization of American States,[11] leaving governing of Venezuela to COPEI and AD.[12] The Puntofijo system ultimately created a network of patronage for both parties.[13]
Caldera was elected president in December 1968 and for the first time in Venezuela's history, opposition parties transferred power peacefully. COPEI was also the first Venezuelan political party to assume power peacefully on its first attempt.[14] The only other COPEI member to become president of Venezuela was Luis Herrera Campins, from 1979 to 1983.[15] However, Herrera Campins fell from grace due to a drop in oil revenue, leading to AD candidate Jaime Lusinchi winning the presidency in 1984.
Governing by COPEI and AD would continue through the rest of the century. Dissatisfaction with the established governmental system of patronage increased, culminating in the
21st century
With the election of Chávez, Venezuela entered into a period of a
Prior to the 2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election, the pro-government Supreme Tribunal of Justice designated new leaders of COPEI, leading some to state that the party was infiltrated by the PSUV.[23] By 2017, Caracas Chronicles said the party was "dying an undignified death" as infighting among leaders could not agree on a path for the party.[7]
Presidents of Venezuela
| № | Portrait | President (Birth–Death) | State | Term of office | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 39 | 
|
Rafael Caldera (1916–2009) | Yaracuy | 11 March 1969
– 12 March 1974 |
28 (1968 )
| |
| 41 | 
|
Luis Herrera Campins (1925–2007) | Portuguesa | 12 March 1979
– 2 February 1984 |
30 (1978) | |
See also
References
- ^ a b "En 5 puntos: Plataforma Unitaria anuncia su participación en las regionales con la tarjeta de la MUD". Runrun (in Spanish). 2021-08-31. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
- ^ a b "Plataforma Unitaria anuncia que participará en las elecciones del 21-N". El Universal (in Spanish). 2021-08-31. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
- ISSN 2343-2748.
- ^ "Q&A: Venezuela's referendum". BBC News. 30 November 2007.
- ISBN 0-8047-4598-6.
- ^ ISBN 9780804745987
- ^ a b c Linares, Rodrigo (2017-03-27). "Requiem for COPEI". Caracas Chronicles. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- ^ "Document #22: "Pact of Punto Fijo," Acción Democrática, COPEI and Unión Republicana Democrática (1958) | Modern Latin America". Brown University. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- JSTOR 3176972.
- ISBN 9781403984098.
- ^ "Jóvito Villalba, URD y Margarita". El Sol de Margarita. 2009-02-12. Archived from the original on 2009-02-12. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- S2CID 252930082.
- ISSN 1470-9856.
- ^ Guillermo Aveledo Coll: Christians in Politics - YouTube
- ISBN 978-0-19-928358-3
- ^ Marcano and Tyszka 2007. pp. 107–08.
- ^ Jones 2007. pp. 182–86.
- ^ "Venezuela's 1998: Presidential, Legislative, and Gubernatorial Elections: Election Observation Report" (PDF). Election Observation Report. International Republican Institute. 12 February 1999. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
Voter turnout rose significantly in the 1998 elections, reversing a two-decade trend toward lower participation.
- S2CID 219697348.
another example is the PSUV in Venezuela, which served in government as a single party for 14 years following a period of multi-party politics. After the death of the charismatic party leader, Hugo Chavez, the PSUV had a new leader, yet managed to form a single-party government again in 2013.
- ^ "Elecciones 30 de Julio de 2000 VOTOS DIPUTADOS LISTAS A LA ASAMBLEA NACIONAL" (PDF). National Electoral Council (Venezuela). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-05.
- ^ Forero, Juan (30 November 2005). "3 Anti-Chávez Parties Pull Out of Election". The New York Times.
- ^ "Divulgación Elecciones Parlamentarias - 26 de Septiembre de 2010". National Electoral Council (Venezuela). 26 September 2010. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- ^ "Enrique Mendoza: Candidatos de Copei deben tener el aval de las direcciones regionales". Efecto Cocuyo. 2015-07-31. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- ^ For the purposes of numbering, a presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, Carlos Soublette was both the 8th and 10th President because the two periods where he was president were not consecutive. A period during which a vice-president temporarily becomes acting president under the Constitution is not a presidency, because the president remains in office during such a period.
- Jose Maria Vargas, serving twice during a single term.
External links
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