Copenhagen Central Station

Coordinates: 55°40′22″N 12°33′52″E / 55.67278°N 12.56444°E / 55.67278; 12.56444
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Copenhagen Central Station

Københavns Hovedbanegård
S-train, Metro and national railway station
Building seen from Bernstorffsgade
General information
LocationBanegårdspladsen 7
DK-1570 Copenhagen V[1]
Coordinates55°40′22″N 12°33′52″E / 55.67278°N 12.56444°E / 55.67278; 12.56444
Elevation3 m (9.8 ft) above sea level
Owned byDSB
Operated byDSB
Platforms7 (island platforms including Metro, 1 long-distance)
Tracks15 (9 InterCity/Regional/International, 4 S-train, 2 Metro)
Bus routesBus interchange 11, 23, 26, 34, 37, 68, 2A, 7A, 5C, 250S, 93N, 97N
Construction
Platform levels2
ArchitectHeinrich Wenck[2]
Other information
Station codeKh
Fare zone1
History
Opened1 December 1911; 112 years ago (1911-12-01)
Rebuilt15 May 1934 (S-train)
Electrified1934 (S-train), 1986 (Mainline)
Map
Location
Copenhagen Central Station is located in Copenhagen
Copenhagen Central Station
Copenhagen Central Station
Location within Copenhagen
Copenhagen Central Station is located in Greater Copenhagen
Copenhagen Central Station
Copenhagen Central Station
Copenhagen Central Station (Greater Copenhagen)
Copenhagen Central Station is located in Denmark
Copenhagen Central Station
Copenhagen Central Station
Copenhagen Central Station (Denmark)

Copenhagen Central Station (

Vesterbro with entrances from Bernstorffsgade (opposite Tivoli Gardens), Banegårdspladsen, Reventlowsgade and access to platforms from Tietgensgade
.

Copenhagen Central Station is the hub of the

Greater Copenhagen area, as well as lines M3 (City Circle Line) & M4 of the Copenhagen Metro
network.

The first station in Copenhagen opened in 1847. The current station building opened in 1911 and is the work of architect Heinrich Wenck. The station has 7 platforms and 13 tracks. On the station concourse there are many small shops, restaurants, cafés, and fast food outlets.

Location

Aerial view of the station with the city district of Vesterbro to the left.

The central station is located in the centre of Copenhagen, on the south-eastern perimeter of the historic

Tietgensbroen (English: the Tietgen's Bridge).[1] One of the main arteries of Copenhagen, Vesterbrogade
, crosses the railway tracks a short distance to the north of the station.

The station is situated in a dense urban environment; To the east, it is immediately adjacent to the inner-city

red light district after the station opened, but has undergone a partial gentrification
process in later years.

The station building has entrances from Bernstorffsgade, Banegårdspladsen and Reventlowsgade, and the platforms have direct access via stairs from Tietgensbroen. The underground

underpass
under the tracks but also has its own, separate entrance in Stampesgade outside the station complex.

History

First station

Copenhagen's first railway station

The first railway station in Copenhagen was constructed on behalf of

port city of Korsør by the Great Belt in 1856.[7][8] For the opening the Danish composer Hans Christian Lumbye composed the still popular Copenhagen Steam Railway Galop, a musical composition which faithfully recreates the sounds of a train chugging out of a station and grinding to a halt at the next stop.[c][10] The Danish author Hans Christian Andersen was also very enthusiastic about the first railway and wrote that driving a train was like flying.[11]

The station was located at the site of Dronningens Enghave (English: the Queen's Meadow Garden), a former royal pleasure garden located just outside the Vesterport (English: Western Gate) city gate of Copenhagen. The first station was located approximately at the site of the current station, but the tracks were perpendicular to their current direction, as the railway line then left the city along the current streets Halmtorvet and Sønder Boulevard. The station building was constructed of wood as it was built outside the city's fortifications within the demarcation line, a no-build zone outside the ramparts where brick buildings were not allowed for military reasons. In case of war, the army should be able to burn buildings in the firing range outside the ramparts.

The first station, photographed in 1864, just before its demolition

This railway station and the still existing

pyramid roofs
).

The first station building was demolished in 1865.

Second station

Copenhagen's second railway station

In the 1860s, there were several plans to expand the

Elsinore and its branch line, the Klampenborg Line to Klampenborg
.

The second station, seen from Vesterbrogade

The new railway station was located a little north of the location of the old one, on the other side of

depots, and turntables, the station area filled virtually the entire area, which today lies between Axeltorv, Gyldenløvesgade and Vester Søgade. As traffic increased, several additional smaller station buildings gradually opened in the station area. A separate station called the Klampenborg station for the Klampenborg Line had opened already in 1863. In 1887, a significant expansion of the area took place as a new separate station called the Klampenborg station opened for the Klampenborg Line, and the name of the old Klampenborg station was changed to the North station. And in 1896 a separate station for trains to Holte
on the North Line, the Holte station, was opened just to the north of the North station.

The hall of the second station

The station building was designed by the

luggage expedition and waiting rooms. The waiting rooms were divided into 1st, 2nd and 3rd class. Further on there was a royal waiting room and then toilets. As the volume of traffic increased, a special freight forwarding building
was added.

Frederiksberg Station
is seen at the top left.

In the long run, however, this second station also became too cramped, especially because it was a

level crossings
on the way out of the city, which with the steadily increasing train traffic led to frequent blockages for the equally steadily increasing road traffic when the barriers were down.

The third and current railway station

The third station, under construction in 1910

By the end of the

Elsinore
.

The third station in 1911, with a part of Tivoli Gardens

The new station was opened on 30 November 1911 by Crown Prince Christian, who stated:

It will probably stand as a monumental reminder of Danish architecture in the beginning of the 20th century. As I express the wish that our new station may make establish a more firm connection between the capital and the country and between Denmark and abroad, I declare Copenhagen Station open!.[14]

The following day, 1 December, the first train departed from the station.[15]

The Boulevard Line under construction in 1914

Since the northbound tunnel (the

Klampenborg Line were diverted via Østerport from the previous route from Hellerup via Nørrebro to the second station. However, it was not until the opening of the second double track of the Boulevard line on 1 October 1921, that trains on the Copenhagen to Hillerød line from Hillerød were diverted through the tunnel. The old station could thus finally be permanently closed.[16]

The station was overhauled in 1980. Escalators and lifts were established to the platforms, and the station concourse, which was originally split into arrival, departure, and freight sections, was redone completely. The station was overhauled again from 2004 to 2008. This overhaul replaced the roof, lowered platforms 3 to 6 to international standards and lengthened them. The towers and the bridge over the platforms, upon which the main station building is placed, were reconditioned.

Architecture

Northern / Vesterbrogade entrance to the station hall

The station was designed by

Danish State Railways
, which was rejected.

The wooden arch construction of the station halls

The station is designed in National Romantic style, a Nordic architectural style that was part of the National Romantic movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and which is often considered to be a form of Art Nouveau. The prominent materials are brick, slate and granite, and a host of decorative details have been added. Inspired by Herholdt's railway station, Wenck also used a wooden arch construction both in the two departure and arrival halls and in the 6 arches over the platforms. It was probably just as much a stylistic choice, since Wenck rarely used cast iron. However, the entire railway station's foundation, basement and the platform that support the railway station site are made of reinforced concrete.

The stained glass windows with the coats of arms of Danish cities

Wenck's building is a gesamtkunstwerk, where the architect has drawn all the details; right from the Bornholm tiles, benches, the large chandeliers, of which 12 pieces originally hung (2 are set up in the hall, 2 others are found at Østerport Station), the kiosks, wrought iron signs with neat writing, door handles and brass signs with DSB logo and stained glass windows with city coats of arms from Danish cities.

Two of the folkloristic figures on the main facade.

The Danish

sculptor Jens Lund was responsible for the ten folkloristic figures of sandstone on the main facade representing persons in folk costumes from various parts of the country (1910): Amager, Fanø, Hedeboegnen, Læsø, Mols, Ringkøbing, Salling, Samsø, Skovshoved and southern Funen.[17]

Layout

Aerial view of the station
Ceiling of Vesterbrogade entrance
København H north side as viewed from the Hotel Astoria

The station has 7 platforms and 13 tracks. The platforms begin under the main passenger hall (and at least the S-train section, two platforms with a total of four S-train tracks, of the station can be said to begin as an underground station). A hotel (Astoria) is built above the S-train tracks in the Northern end, but the remaining tracks are uncovered below street level. (Open areas between tunnel sections were necessary to have during the era of steam trains, while the S-trains always have been electrical). In the opposite (platform) end, all platforms are covered with the typical railway arched roof. This roof is shorter than the platforms, but all tracks remain below street level and can also be accessed from the street Tietgensgade.

In addition to the original 6 island-platforms and their 12 tracks,[18] has one additional track constructed much later. The single spare track, called track 26, was initially built for trains to southern Sweden, while Malmö C still was a terminus. It has later been used for express trains to or from

introduction of border controls and mandatory identity checks for travel to Sweden
this track was fenced and used for X2000 and intercity trains to Sweden. The extra track 26 is located 200 metres (660 ft) south of the main building and is reachable only by walking along the platform for track 4 and 5 or from a staircase from the Tietgensgade street. There is a plan to extend the length of this track and build another track on the other side of the same platform, called track 27, and improve walking access to them.

The station services the

Metro systems mainly by being a type of railway. At the station are two platforms with four tracks (track 9–12) that are used by the S-trains only. All other trains usually use the other four platforms and eight tracks. Because Denmark uses right-hand traffic
, the tracks 1–4 are mainly used for northbound traffic, and tracks 5–8 for southbound, but tracks 3–6 can also be used for trains that change direction at the station.

Facilities

The main hall of the central station in 2018

The main concourse also functions as a marketplace where fresh fruit sellers, newsstands, a post office, ATMs, currency exchanges, hamburgers, coffee shops, restaurants and pubs can all be found. There is also a travel center for information, a police station, and windows for the in-person sale of tickets, along with access to toilets. Shower rooms are also available for a smaller fee.

Services

Platforms

Copenhagen Central Station provides Copenhagen with Intercity and Express trains across Denmark, as well as services to several international destinations.

Direct international trains connect to Stockholm and Hamburg several times a day.

Intercity trains run half-hourly from Copenhagen during daytime and serve as a link between the major cities and towns in Denmark, including Odense, Aarhus, Aalborg, Esbjerg, Thisted and Sønderborg.

Regional trains (stops at major stations within the Greater Copenhagen area) connect the main parts of Zealand to the capital. The Øresundståg regional rail network depart to southern and western Sweden every 20 minutes (24/7 service between Lund Central Station and Østerport Station).

All

S-train services except the F-line
stop at the station.

From 29 September 2019 the Central station is also served by the Copenhagen Metro network's line M3 (in service 24/7), which is a circular line with 17 stations. The station is also served by the M4 line, linking the Nordhavn and Sydhavn districts and serve as an interchange between the Sydhavn extension and the M3.

Long-distance buses stop at Ingerslevsgade near track 12 just south of the Tietgensgade bridge.

All public transport within Greater Copenhagen are divided into close to 100 ticket fare zones. The Central station is located in fare zone 1, which together with zones 2 and 3 constitute Copenhagen municipality and the "enclave" of

Skåne
county.

Preceding station DSB Following station
Copenhagen Airport
Terminus
InterCityLyn
Odense
towards Aalborg Airport
InterCityLyn
Odense
towards Struer
InterCityLyn
Odense
towards Sønderborg
Terminus Copenhagen-Aalborg
InterCity
 Copenhagen South
towards Aalborg
Østerport
 Copenhagen–Esbjerg
InterCity
Esbjerg
Terminus Copenhagen–Odense–Hamburg
EuroCity
 Ringsted
towards Hamburg Hbf
Østerport
Regional train
Ørestad
towards Malmö C
and beyond
Nørreport or Lufthavnen
towards Copenhagen Airport
Regional train
Valby
towards Slagelse
Nørreport
towards Helsingør
Regional train
 Copenhagen South
towards Næstved
Regional train
Valby
towards Næstved
Østerport
Nykøbing F
Nykøbing F
Regional train
 Høje Taastrup
towards Kalundborg
Regional train
Valby
towards Holbæk
Preceding station SJ Following station
Terminus Southern Main Line Copenhagen Airport
towards Stockholm Central
Preceding station S-train Following station
Ballerup
 H
Mon–Fri
Østerport
Dybbølsbro
towards Frederikssund
 C
Klampenborg
Dybbølsbro
towards Høje Taastrup
Bx
Peak hours
Buddinge
B
Farum
Dybbølsbro
towards Solrød Strand
 A
Vesterport
towards Hillerød
Dybbølsbro
towards Køge
 E
Mon–Fri
Vesterport
towards Holte
Preceding station Copenhagen Metro Following station
Enghave Plads
clockwise
 M3 Rådhuspladsen
counter-clockwise
Terminus M4 Rådhuspladsen
towards Orientkaj

Future

The station needs more capacity following the opening of the

terminal station on a bridge over the present tracks, or in a tunnel under them.[citation needed
]

Number of travellers

According to the Østtællingen in 2008:[19]

År Antal År Antal År Antal År Antal
1957 15.984 1974 17.711 1991 22.771 2001 27.394
1960 14.359 1975 15.797 1992 23.167 2002 25.502
1962 15.604 1977 14.855 1993 22.825 2003 24.858
1964 14.892 1979 20.228 1995 24.371 2004 23.648
1966 16.390 1981 23.689 1996 25.739 2005 23.931
1968 17.176 1984 24.612 1997 25.801 2006 24.905
1970 17.904 1987 24.833 1998 25.977 2007 22.201
1972 18.060 1990 23.316 2000 29.150 2008 21.666

Cultural references

In film

Copenhagen Central Station is used as a location at 1:12:36 in the 1975

Olsen-banden film The Olsen Gang on the Track.[20] Egon (Ove Sprogøe) hides a suitcase in the luggage storage at Copenhagen Central Station in The Olsen Gang Outta Sight (1977) and the lost luggage department is also used as a location later in the same film.[21]

See also

Notes

  1. S-train and Metro services are included.[1]
  2. German rail network.[6]
  3. ^ The Copenhagen Steam Railway Galop was included in the 2006 Danish Culture Canon as a masterpiece of Danish classical music.[9]
  4. Copenhagen East station (now: Østerport station) until 1917.[13]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d "København H" (in Danish). DSB. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  2. ^
    Kunstindeks Danmark & Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon
    . Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  3. ^ "24-årig mand falder gennem glastag på Hovedbanegården og dør". Politiken (in Danish). 7 July 2019.
  4. ^ "Frelsens hær bød på julegrød og julemusik på Hovedbanen" (in Danish). The Salvation Army. 3 December 2019.
  5. ^ "Travelling in Denmark". DSB. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
  6. ^ Jensen 1972, p. 11.
  7. ^ Jensen 1972, p. 12-16.
  8. ^ "Jernbanen KBH-Korsør" (in Danish). Kutlurstyrelsen. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  9. Kulturministeriet. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  10. ^ "H. C. LUMBYE COMPOSITIONS sorted by year". erikoest.dk. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  11. ISBN 87-21-00499-4
    .
  12. ISBN 978-87-7289-238-2
    .
  13. ^ a b c Flindt Larsen 1994, p. 4.
  14. ^ "Københavns Hovedbanegård fylder 100 år". dsb.dk. DSB. 21 November 2011.
  15. ^ Flindt Larsen 1994, p. 5–6.
  16. ^ Flindt Larsen 1994, p. 6–7.
  17. ^ Sten Hartung. "Jens Lund" (in Danish). Kunstindeks Danmark & Weilbach Kunstnerleksikon. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  18. ^ "Københavns Hovedbanegård – Gyldendal – Den Store Danske". denstoredanske.dk. 11 June 2017.
  19. ^ "Østtælling 2008 DSB og DSB S-tog". 13 November 2008. p. 17. Archived from the original on 18 May 2023.
  20. ^ "Film 7 Olsen banden på sporet / Die Olsenbande stellt die Weichen". olsenbande-homepage.de (in German). Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  21. ^ "Film 9 Olsen Banden deruda / Die Olsenbande schlägt wieder zu". olsenbande-homepage.de (in German). Retrieved 5 October 2017.

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Københavns Hovedbanegård.
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