Cormorant fishing

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Yangshuo
cormorant fisherman

Cormorant fishing is a traditional

artisan fishing method is no longer used anywhere except southwestern China, where it is also under threat from competition from more modern methods.[2][3][4]

To control the birds, the fishermen tie a loose

gullet
. When a cormorant has caught a fish in its throat, the fisherman brings the bird back to the boat and has it regurgitate the fish.

The types of cormorants used differ based on the location. Chinese fishermen typically employ the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo),[5] while the Japanese cormorant (Phalacrocorax capillatus) is used in Japan and the neotropic cormorant (Nannopterum brasilianum) in Peru. Darters (birds in the genus Anhinga), which are relatives of cormorants, are also used for this fishing technique on occasion.

China

Yangshuo
See also: Fishing industry in China

In

Lijiang River.[4] Elsewhere in southern China, the Bai people have utilized cormorant fishing since the 9th century on the banks of Erhai Lake. Traditionally practised for sustenance, cormorant fishing is now primarily performed for tourists.[6]
  • Chinese fisherman with one of his cormorants on Erhai Lake near Dali, Yunnan. The bird's throat snare is visible via the constriction in the bird's neck.
    Chinese fisherman with one of his cormorants on
    Dali, Yunnan
    . The bird's throat snare is visible via the constriction in the bird's neck.
  • Chinese cormorant fisherman traditionally use bamboo boats
    Chinese cormorant fisherman traditionally use bamboo boats
  • Fishing with cormorants in China, circa 1894
    Fishing with cormorants in China, circa 1894
  • Contemporary fishing with cormorants on Poyang Lake, China
    Contemporary fishing with cormorants on Poyang Lake, China

Japan

Cormorant fishing in Japan is called ukai (鵜飼) in Japanese. Originally, it was done as one of the main fishing methods for ayu (sweetfish) fishing.[7] However, since it is "unique" (as it uses birds and skillful techniques), viewing cormorant fishing, since the Heian period, has been one of amusements for aristocratic classes and warlords in Japan.[7]

  • Japanese cormorants are typically used by Japanese fishers.
    Japanese cormorants are typically used by Japanese fishers.
  • Japanese cormorant trained by its master in Japan
    Japanese cormorant trained by its master in Japan
  • Cormorant fishing master on a boat at night in Gifu, Japan
    Cormorant fishing master on a boat at night in Gifu, Japan

Oda Nobunaga started showing cormorant fishing for hospitality in Japan.[8] In 1568, Oda Nobunaga, welcoming a messenger from Takeda Shingen, made a new boat and invited the messenger as a guest to show cormorant fishing.[8] In addition, he chose ayu (sweetfish) with his own eyes and sent it to the guest as a gift at a later date.[8] Tokugawa Ieyasu, after the Summer Campaign (1615) of Siege of Osaka, visited Gifu, enjoyed seeing cormorant fishing and eating ayu.[8] Thus began to offer ayu sushi to the Shogun, and masters of cormorant fishing were allowed to move freely over the river.[8]

Cormorant fishing currently takes place in 13 cities in Japan. The most famous location is Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, home to cormorant fishing on the Nagara River, which has continued uninterrupted for the past 1,300 years.[9] Cormorant fishing in Seki also takes place on the Nagara River, but it is called 'Oze cormorant fishing' (小瀬鵜飼 Oze Ukai). Only the cormorant fishing masters in Gifu and Seki are employed by the emperor and called Imperial Fishermen of the Imperial Household Agency.

Peru

Tethered cormorant used for fishing on Lake Titicaca

Cormorants are used for fishing on Lake Titicaca by the Uru people in Peru. There are claims cormorant fishing occurred in Peru during the 5th century, 100 years earlier than Japan.[10]

Europe

Cormorant fishing is an old tradition in Greece and North Macedonia,[11] especially on Doiran Lake which lies in the border of the two countries, and it is still practiced today by some traditional fishermen. In Western Europe, cormorant fishing took place from the 16th to 17th centuries, primarily in England and France.[12] In the 19th century, Francis Henry Salvin reintroduced the practice in England by putting on displays and bringing his birds to fisheries exhibitions.[13] This "second phase" of English cormorant fishing lasted until about 1890.[14]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cormorant fishing.
  1. doi:10.3366/anh.1997.24.2.189
    .
  2. S2CID 162736384
    .
  3. ISBN 0-370-31060-8
    .
  4. ^ a b "Heart of the Dragon: Cormorant fishing". Wild China. BBC Two. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  5. ^ "Cormorant Fishing "UKAI"". May 2001. Archived from the original on 2009-01-09. Retrieved 2008-01-30.
  6. ^ Larson-Wang, Jessica. "The History Behind the Cormorant Fishermen of Erhai Lake". Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 2020-08-16. Retrieved 2019-08-17.
  7. ^
    doi:10.24516/00000225
    . Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d e "ぎふ長良川の鵜飼公式サイト「1300年以上の歴史と伝統」" [Over 1300 Years of History and Tradition]. ukai-gifucity.jp (in Japanese). Gifu-Ukai. Retrieved 2022-09-14.
  9. ^ "Gifu Cormorant Fishing on the Nagara River". ukai-gifucity.jp. Gifu City Cormorant Fishing Observation Boat Office. Archived from the original on 2020-08-16.
  10. ^ Leicht, Hermann (1960). Pre-Inca Art and Culture. New York: Orion Press. pp. 49–50.
  11. ^ "Macedonian cities - Dojran". macedonia.co.uk. Macedonian Cultural and Information Centre. Archived from the original on 2020-06-14.
  12. ^ Beike, Marcus (2014). "The history of Cormorant fishing in Europe" (PDF). Vogelwelt. 133: 1–21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-08-16.
  13. ISBN 978-1-5267-0157-2
    .
  14. ^ Beike, Marcus (2012). "The history of Cormorant fishing in Europe" (PDF). Vogelwelt: 1–19.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cormorant_fishing&oldid=1216841224"