Coronation of the Danish monarch

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Queen Caroline Amalie in 1840. Painting by Joseph-Désiré Court
, 1841.

The coronation of the Danish monarch was a

Frederiksborg Palace in Hillerød
.

medieval coronation, which existed during the period of elective monarchy; the anointing ritual, which replaced coronation with the introduction of absolute monarchy in 1660; and finally the simple proclamation, which has been used since the introduction of the constitutional monarchy
in 1849.

Coronations of the elective monarchy

St. Mary's Cathedral in Copenhagen
in 1559.

Historically an elective monarchy, the Danish kings had been elected and acclaimed at the Thing assemblies; this continued even after the tradition of coronations began. Ultimately, the acclamation rite only ceased with the introduction of hereditary monarchy in 1660, the 1657 acclamation of crown prince Christian (the later Christian V of Denmark) being the last occasion. The first coronation in Scandinavia took place in Bergen in Norway in 1163 or 1164. The first coronation in Denmark was that of Canute VI in St. Bendt's Church in Ringsted in 1170. The only Danish kings between 1170 and 1448 to not be crowned were Valdemar III, Valdemar IV, and Olaf II.[1]

The medieval monarchs used various locations for their coronations, with

Bishop of Zealand
.

The coronation ritual (as of 1537) began with a

Lutheran religion, support schools, and help the poor. Following this, the king was anointed on the lower right arm and between the shoulders, but not on the head. Then the royal couple retired to a tented enclosure where they were robed in royal attire, returning to hear a sermon, the Kyrie and Gloria, and then a prayer and the Epistle
reading.

Following the Epistle, the king knelt before the altar, where he was first given a sword. After flourishing and sheathing it, the still-kneeling monarch was crowned by the clergy and nobility, who jointly placed the diadem upon their ruler's head. The sceptre and orb were presented, then returned to attendants. The queen was anointed and crowned in a similar manner, but she received only a sceptre and not an orb. Finally, a choral hymn was sung, following which the newly crowned king and queen listened to a second sermon and the reading of the Gospel, which brought the service to an end.[2]

Anointings of the absolute monarchy

Frederiksborg Palace
in 1671.

With the introduction of

anointing
, where the new king would arrive at the coronation site already wearing the crown, where he was then anointed.

The anointings were held in the chapel of

Frederiksborg Palace in Hillerød, with the exception of the 1767 anointing of King Christian VII which was held in the chapel of Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen
.

Proclamations of the constitutional monarchy

Christian VII's Palace at Amalienborg
in 1912.

This rite was in turn abolished with the introduction of the

Danish constitution in 1849. Today the crown of Denmark is only displayed at the monarch's funeral, when it sits atop their coffin. The present king, Frederik X, did not have any formal enthronement service; a public announcement of his accession was made from the balcony of Christiansborg Palace, with the new sovereign being proclaimed by his prime minister at the time, Mette Frederiksen, then cheered with a ninefold "hurrah" by the crowds below.[3][4]

Historical list of coronations

Coronations

Date Site Picture Name Reign Other regnal titles Ref
25 June 1170 St. Bendt's Church Canute VI 25 June 1170 – 12 November 1202 [1]
1202 Lund Cathedral Valdemar II 1202–1241 [1]
1218
Schleswig
 Valdemar the Young 1215–1231 [1]
30 May 1232 Lund Cathedral Eric IV 1232–1250 [1]
1 November 1250 Unknown Abel with Matilda of Holstein 1250–1252 [1]
25 December 1252 Lund Cathedral Christopher I with Margaret Sambiria 1252–1259 [1]
25 December 1259 Viborg Eric V 1259–1286 [1]
25 December 1287 Lund Cathedral Eric VI 1286–1319 [1]
15 August 1324 Vordingborg Christopher II with Eric For Christopher II: 1320 – 1326; 1329 – 2 August 1332
For Eric: 1321–1326; 1329–1332		 [1]
17 June 1397 Storkyrkan Eric VII 1396 – 24 September 1439 King of Norway
King of Sweden		 [1]
1 January 1443 Ribe Cathedral
Christopher III
with Dorothea of Brandenburg
 9 April 1440 – 5 January 1448 King of Norway
King of Sweden		 [1]
28 October 1449
St. Mary's Cathedral, Copenhagen
 Christian I
with Dorothea of Brandenburg		 1 September 1448 – 21 May 1481 King of Norway
King of Sweden
18 May 1483
St. Mary's Cathedral, Copenhagen
 John
with Christina of Saxony		 21 May 1481 – 20 February 1513 King of Norway
King of Sweden
11 June 1514
St. Mary's Cathedral, Copenhagen
 Christian II
with Isabella of Austria		 20 February 1513 – 13 April 1523 King of Norway
King of Sweden
7 August 1524
St. Mary's Cathedral, Copenhagen
 Frederick I
with Sophie of Pomerania		 13 April 1523 – 10 April 1533 Elected King of Norway
12 August 1537
St. Mary's Cathedral, Copenhagen
 Christian III
with Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg		 4 July 1534 – 1 January 1559 King of Norway
20 August 1559
St. Mary's Cathedral, Copenhagen
 Frederick II
with Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow		 1 January 1559 – 4 April 1588 King of Norway
29 August 1596
St. Mary's Cathedral, Copenhagen
 Christian IV
with Anne Catherine of Brandenburg		 4 April 1588 – 28 February 1648 King of Norway
23 November 1648
St. Mary's Cathedral, Copenhagen
Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
 28 February 1648 – 9 February 1670 King of Norway

Anointings (1660–1849)

Date Site Picture Name Reign Other regnal titles
7 June 1671
Frederiksborg Palace Chapel
 Christian V 9 February 1670 – 25 August 1699 King of Norway
15 April 1700
Frederiksborg Palace Chapel
 Frederick IV 25 August 1699 – 12 October 1730 King of Norway
6 June 1731
Frederiksborg Palace Chapel
 Christian VI 12 October 1730 – 6 August 1746 King of Norway
4 September 1747
Frederiksborg Palace Chapel
 Frederick V
with Louise of Great Britain		 6 August 1746 – 14 January 1766 King of Norway
1 May 1767
Christiansborg Palace Chapel
 Christian VII
with Caroline Matilda of Great Britain		 14 January 1766 – 13 March 1808 King of Norway
31 July 1815
Frederiksborg Palace Chapel
 Frederick VI
with Marie of Hesse-Kassel		 13 March 1808 – 3 December 1839 King of Norway
28 June 1840
Frederiksborg Palace Chapel
 Christian VIII
with Caroline Amalie of Augustenburg		 3 December 1839 – 20 January 1848 King of Norway
(prior of being king of Denmark)


Proclamations (1849-present)

Date Site Picture Name Reign Prime Minister
16 November 1863 Christiansborg Palace Christian IX 15 November 1863 – 29 January 1906 Carl Christian Hall
30 January 1906
Amalienborg Palace
 Frederick VIII 29 January 1906 – 14 May 1912 Jens Christian Christensen
15 May 1912 Christian X 14 May 1912 – 20 April 1947 Klaus Berntsen
20 April 1947 Christiansborg Palace Frederik IX 20 April 1947 – 14 January 1972 Knud Kristensen
15 January 1972 Margrethe II 14 January 1972 – 14 January 2024 Jens Otto Krag
14 January 2024 Frederik X 14 January 2024 – present Mette Frederiksen

See also

Notes

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0-520-06677-9
    .
  2. ^ Hoffmann (1990)
  3. ^ Einarsdóttir, Silja Björklund (31 December 2023). "Dronning Margrethe av Danmark går av" [Queen Margrethe of Denmark abdicates]. NRK.
  4. ^ "Missede du det store øjeblik? Se hele dronning Margrethes tale her" [Did you miss the big moment? See Queen Margrethe's entire speech here]. DR (in Danish). 2023-12-31. Retrieved 2023-12-31.

References

  • Hoffman, Erich (1990). "Coronation and Coronation Ordines in Medieval Scandinavia". In Bak, János M (ed.). Coronations: Medieval and Early Modern Monarchic Ritual. Berkeley: University of California Press. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
  • Monrad Møller, Anders (2012). Enevældens kroninger. Syv salvinger - ceremoniellet, teksterne og musikken [The coronations of the absolute monarchy. Seven anointings - the ceremonial, the lyrics and the music] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Forlaget Falcon.
    ISBN 978-87-88802-29-0
    .
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