Coronavirus diseases

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Coronavirus disease
)
For the disease involved in the pandemic since 2019, see COVID-19.

Coronaviruses
HCoV-229E virus
Types
Diseases
Vaccines
Epidemics and pandemics
See also
Structural view of a coronavirus

Coronavirus diseases are caused by

MERS and COVID-19.[3][4] As of 2021, 45 species are registered as coronaviruses,[5]
whilst 11 diseases have been identified, as listed below.

Coronaviruses are known for their shape resembling a

Latin corōna 'garland, wreath, crown'.[6] It was coined by Tony Waterson (professor of virology at St Thomas' Hospital)[7][8][9] in a meeting with his colleagues June Almeida and David Tyrrell, the founding fathers of coronavirus studies, and was first used in a Nature article in 1968,[10] with approval by the International Committee for the Nomenclature of Viruses three years later.[11]

The first coronavirus disease was discovered in the late 1920s. Coronaviridae were generally of limited interest to the wider scientific community, until the appearance of SARS. Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s, through a variety of experiments in the United States and the United Kingdom.[12] A common origin in human coronaviruses is bats.[13]

List

Further information: Coronavirus infection in humans and Novel coronavirus
Coronavirus diseases
Host organism Disease Pathogen Year of Discovery Details
Birds
 Avian infectious bronchitis Avian coronavirus (IBV) 1920s[14] (isolated in 1938)[15] Discovered in North America.[14]
cats
 Enteritis Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) 1946 (isolated in 1965)[16] Infects pigs,[16] cats,[17] and dogs.[18]
Humans
 Common cold Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV‑229E) 1930s (isolated in 1965)[19] Possibly originated from bats.[20]
rats
 Encephalitis MHV-JHM, a strain of murine coronavirus (M‑CoV) named after John Howard Mueller.[21] 1949[22]
Humans Common cold Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV‑OC43) 1967[23] Possibly originated from
jumped through cattle to humans.[24]
Pigs Enteritis Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) 1971[25] Infects pigs.
Caused
outbreaks in 1972[26] and 1978,[27] 2010, 2013, 2014, and 2015.[28]
Dogs Enteritis Canine coronavirus (CCoV) 1971
Cats Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) Feline coronavirus (FCoV)
Cattle Enteritis Bovine coronavirus (BCV or BCoV)
Humans
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
 (SARS)
severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus
 (SARSr‑CoV) 		2002 Discovered in Foshan, China.[29]
Caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.
Possibly originated from horseshoe bats.[30]
Humans Common cold Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV‑HKU1) 2004 Discovered in Hong Kong, China.[31]
Humans Common cold Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV‑NL63) 2004 Discovered in Amsterdam, Netherlands.[32]
Possibly originated from tricolored bats.[33]
Chinese bulbuls
 Bulbul coronavirus HKU11 (BulbulCoV‑HKU11) 2008 Discovered in Hong Kong, China.[34][35]
Humans
Middle East respiratory syndrome
 (MERS)
Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus
 (MERS‑CoV) 		2012 Discovered in
2018
.
Pigs Enteritis Porcine coronavirus HKU15 (PorCov‑HKU15) 2014 Discovered in Hong Kong, China.[37]
Humans
Coronavirus disease 2019
 (COVID‑19)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
 (SARS‑CoV‑2), a strain of SARSr‑CoV 		2019 Discovered in Wuhan, China.[38][39]
Caused the COVID-19 pandemic.
Possibly originated from pangolins, horseshoe bats, or both.[40]

See also

References

  1. S2CID 252960321
    .
  2. PMID 19213880
    .
  3. PMID 34063739
    .
  4. ^ "Common Human Coronaviruses". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 27 May 2020. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  5. ^ "Taxonomy". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. International Union of Microbiological Societies. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  6. ^ "Definition of corona". Dictionary.com. Section Behind the Word. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  7. ^ "Europe PMC". europepmc.org. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  8. ^ "The woman who discovered the first coronavirus". BBC News. 14 April 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  9. S2CID 220232641
    .
  10. PMC 7086490
    . [T]here is also a characteristic "fringe" of projections 200 A long, which are rounded or petal shaped ... This appearance, recalling the solar corona, is shared by mouse hepatitis virus and several viruses recently recovered from man, namely strain B814, 229E and several others.
  11. doi:10.33493/scivis.20.01.04
    .
  12. ISBN 978-1-4684-4727-9. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help
    )
  13. PMID 27743750
    . Specifically, all HCoVs are thought to have a bat origin, with the exception of lineage A beta-CoVs, which may have reservoirs in rodents [2].
  14. ^
    PMID 4316767
    .
  15. ISSN 0032-5791
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  16. ^
    PMID 21020443. Archived
    from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  17. S2CID 12930790
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  18. PMID 4377955. Archived
    from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  19. ^ "COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic". FPM. 6 April 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  20. PMID 28077633
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  21. PMID 13539633
    . Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  22. PMID 18137294
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  23. PMID 4298953
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  24. PMID 27743750
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  25. ^ Oldham, J (1972). "Letter to the editor". Pig Farming. 72 (October Suppl): 72–73.
  26. PMID 27317168
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  27. S2CID 45192183. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link
    )
  28. PMID 31934654
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  29. S2CID 219305114. Archived
    from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  30. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2020. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help
    )
  31. PMID 15613317
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  32. PMID 20700397.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link
    )
  33. PMID 22993147
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  34. PMID 18971277
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  35. PMID 22278237
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  36. ^ "ECDC Rapid Risk Assessment – Severe respiratory disease associated with a novel coronavirus" (PDF). 19 February 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  37. PMID 22278237
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  38. PMID 32015507
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  39. ^ "WHO | Novel Coronavirus – China". WHO. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  40. PMID 32315281
    .
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