Coronavirus diseases
Coronaviruses |
---|
Coronavirus diseases are caused by
whilst 11 diseases have been identified, as listed below.Coronaviruses are known for their shape resembling a
Latin corōna 'garland, wreath, crown'.[6] It was coined by Tony Waterson (professor of virology at St Thomas' Hospital)[7][8][9] in a meeting with his colleagues June Almeida and David Tyrrell, the founding fathers of coronavirus studies, and was first used in a Nature article in 1968,[10] with approval by the International Committee for the Nomenclature of Viruses three years later.[11]
The first coronavirus disease was discovered in the late 1920s. Coronaviridae were generally of limited interest to the wider scientific community, until the appearance of SARS. Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s, through a variety of experiments in the United States and the United Kingdom.[12] A common origin in human coronaviruses is bats.[13]
List
Host organism | Disease | Pathogen | Year of Discovery | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
Birds
|
Avian infectious bronchitis | Avian coronavirus (IBV) | 1920s[14] (isolated in 1938)[15] | Discovered in North America.[14] |
cats
|
Enteritis | Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) | 1946 (isolated in 1965)[16] | Infects pigs,[16] cats,[17] and dogs.[18] |
Humans
|
Common cold | Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV‑229E) | 1930s (isolated in 1965)[19] | Possibly originated from bats.[20] |
rats
|
Encephalitis | MHV-JHM, a strain of murine coronavirus (M‑CoV) named after John Howard Mueller.[21] | 1949[22] | |
Humans | Common cold | Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV‑OC43) | 1967[23] | Possibly originated from jumped through cattle to humans.[24]
|
Pigs | Enteritis | Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) | 1971[25] | Infects pigs. Caused |
Dogs | Enteritis | Canine coronavirus (CCoV) | 1971 | |
Cats | Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) | Feline coronavirus (FCoV) | ||
Cattle | Enteritis | Bovine coronavirus (BCV or BCoV) | ||
Humans | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
|
severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (SARSr‑CoV)
|
2002 | Discovered in Foshan, China.[29] Caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. Possibly originated from horseshoe bats.[30] |
Humans | Common cold | Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV‑HKU1) | 2004 | Discovered in Hong Kong, China.[31] |
Humans | Common cold | Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV‑NL63) | 2004 | Discovered in Amsterdam, Netherlands.[32] Possibly originated from tricolored bats.[33] |
Chinese bulbuls
|
Bulbul coronavirus HKU11 (BulbulCoV‑HKU11) | 2008 | Discovered in Hong Kong, China.[34][35] | |
Humans | Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
|
Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS‑CoV)
|
2012 | Discovered in 2018 .
|
Pigs | Enteritis | Porcine coronavirus HKU15 (PorCov‑HKU15) | 2014 | Discovered in Hong Kong, China.[37] |
Humans | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19)
|
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), a strain of SARSr‑CoV
|
2019 | Discovered in Wuhan, China.[38][39] Caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Possibly originated from pangolins, horseshoe bats, or both.[40] |
See also
- Alphacoronavirus
- Betacoronavirus
- Gammacoronavirus
- Deltacoronavirus
References
- S2CID 252960321.
- PMID 19213880.
- PMID 34063739.
- ^ "Common Human Coronaviruses". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 27 May 2020. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ "Taxonomy". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. International Union of Microbiological Societies. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ "Definition of corona". Dictionary.com. Section Behind the Word. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ "Europe PMC". europepmc.org. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
- ^ "The woman who discovered the first coronavirus". BBC News. 14 April 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
- S2CID 220232641.
- PMC 7086490.
[T]here is also a characteristic "fringe" of projections 200 A long, which are rounded or petal shaped ... This appearance, recalling the solar corona, is shared by mouse hepatitis virus and several viruses recently recovered from man, namely strain B814, 229E and several others.
- .
- )
- PMID 27743750.
Specifically, all HCoVs are thought to have a bat origin, with the exception of lineage A beta-CoVs, which may have reservoirs in rodents [2].
- ^ PMID 4316767.
- ISSN 0032-5791.
- ^ from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
- S2CID 12930790.
- from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
- ^ "COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic". FPM. 6 April 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- PMID 28077633.
- PMID 13539633. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
- PMID 18137294.
- PMID 4298953.
- PMID 27743750.
- ^ Oldham, J (1972). "Letter to the editor". Pig Farming. 72 (October Suppl): 72–73.
- PMID 27317168.
- S2CID 45192183. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.)
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: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link - PMID 31934654.
- from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- )
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- PMID 20700397.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link - PMID 22993147.
- PMID 18971277.
- PMID 22278237.
- ^ "ECDC Rapid Risk Assessment – Severe respiratory disease associated with a novel coronavirus" (PDF). 19 February 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- PMID 22278237.
- PMID 32015507.
- ^ "WHO | Novel Coronavirus – China". WHO. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- PMID 32315281.