Greater Chennai Corporation

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)

Greater Chennai Corporation

Perunakara Ceṉṉai Mānakarāṭci
Deputy Mayor
Mahesh Kumar, DMK
since 4 March 2022
M.Aruna, IAS
Structure
Seats200
Political groups
Government (178)
  •   DMK (153)
  •   INC (13)
  •   CPI(M) (4)
  •   VCK (4)
  •   MDMK (2)
  •   CPI (1)
  •   IUML (1)

Opposition (22)

Meeting place
Ripon Building, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Website
chennaicorporation.gov.in

Greater Chennai Corporation (GCC)

Avadi City Municipal Corporation and Kanchipuram Municipal Corporation
.

History

The Madras Corporation is the oldest

Josiah Child, on the model of Dutch Government in the East Indies.[7] The charter constituted the existing town of Fort St. George and all the territories belonging to the town, not exceeding a distance of ten miles from the Fort, into a Corporation. The Parliamentary Act of 1792 conferred the new Corporation power to levy municipal taxes in the city. The municipal administration also commenced from this act, making provision for the administration of the city. The Municipal Act continued to be amended, constantly introducing major changes in the constitution and powers of the corporation from time to time.[7]

Prior to the establishments of the corporation, the

Justice of the Peace. Taxes were introduced by Governor Streynsham Master (1678–1681). Complications arising out of these impositions and the growing expenses of an expanding town led to Sir Josiah drawing up plans for a more formal body of civic administration. The corporation was inaugurated on 29 September 1688 with power to decide on petty cases, levy rates upon the inhabitants for building of schools, a town hall and a jail, when the new Mayor, 12 Aldermen and 60 Burgesses took their oaths.[7]
The first members of the corporation were representatives from diverse ethnicities. Nathaniel Higginson was the first Mayor, and he appointed representatives from the English, Scottish, French, Portuguese, and Indian mercantile communities as Aldermen. The post of the Mayor was held for one year at a time, the Mayor being elected by the Aldermen, whose term of office was for life.

By 1856, the duties of the Corporation became more clearly defined. In 1919, the Aldermen were re-styled as 'Councillors'. The title of 'Mayor' had been replaced by 'President', and P. Theagaraya Chetty was nominated as president, the first Indian to be so chosen. However, the office of Mayor was re-created in 1933, when Kumararajah M. A. Muthiah Chettiar made the transition from last President to first new Mayor. The mayoralty has remained thereafter.

By 1901, the corporation had grown to encompass an area of 68 sq km comprising 30 territorial divisions with a population of 540,000.

Madras was the Honourable K. Sriramulu Naidu, who served during the 1930s and 1940s. In 1978, the boundaries of the area administered by the corporation was increased to 174 sq km.[8]

The Madras Municipal Corporation Act, 1919 (as amended) provides the basic statutory authority for the administration now.[7]

Zone

Expansion

In October 2011, the expansion process was initiated before the elections to the corporation council in October. In this, 42 small local bodies, including 9 municipalities, 8 town panchayats and 25 village panchayats, were merged with Chennai Corporation, taking the area up by 140% to 426 km2 from the earlier 176 km2.[8][9] Some areas have been arbitrarily left out, to the discontent of the residents of those areas.[10] The new expanded Corporation of Chennai has 200 wards, an increase of 45 wards.[11] Elections were held for the expanded corporation in October 2011.

The erstwhile municipalities that became a part of expanded

Ullagaram–Puzhuthivakkam
.

The erstwhile town panchayats that became a part of expanded Chennai Corporation are

.

The erstwhile panchayat unions that became a part of expanded Chennai Corporation are

Semmanchery
and Uthandi.

Administration

City officials, as of March 2022 
Mayor Priya Rajan
Deputy Mayor
M. Mahesh Kumar
Corporation Commissioner J. Radhakrishnan
Commissioner of Police
Sandeep Rai Rathore

From among themselves, the councillors elect the mayor and a deputy mayor who preside over about 10 standing committees.[12] The council normally meets once a month. The executive wing is headed by the Commissioner. In addition, there are deputy commissioners, various heads of departments and 15 zonal officers.[7]

The first native Indian to govern the

Sriperumbudur, which elects 29 members of the legislative assembly (MLAs
) to the state legislature.

The metropolitan region of Chennai covers many suburbs that are part of

Mahabalipuram to the south, Chengalpattu and Maraimalai Nagar to the southwest, and Kanchipuram, Sriperumpudur, Tiruvallur and Arakkonam
to the west.

Administrative divisions

15 zones of the Chennai Corporation after expansion

The city is classified into three regions: North Chennai, Central Chennai and South Chennai.

scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and 58 were reserved for women.[17]

The 23 Zones are:

Departments

The corporation has the following departments:[18]

S.No. Department Headed by Responsibility
1 Council Council Secretary Functions as the Secretariat of the council, the Mayor and the various standing committees. Aids the Mayor in the discharge of his duties as well as the Council and Standing Committees.
2 General Administration Assistant Commissioner In charge of the personnel and administrative matters for the corporation as a whole
3 Financial Management Financial Adviser Preparation of Corporation budget, receiving loans and grants from the government and overseeing and controlling the expenses of the Corporation
4 Land & Estate District Revenue Officer Leasing out Corporation lands and buildings and renting out shopping complexes
5 Revenue Revenue Officer Collection of taxes such as property, professional, advertisement, parking fees and other taxes. At the head office, change of name of ownership of properties, revision petitions against fixation of tax review of progress in collection of taxes and scrutiny and approval of assessment proposals.
6 Works City Engineer Town planning, sanction of plan and permits (up to first floor) for industrial and residential buildings, and maintenance of private streets and central asphalt plant and central yard.
7 Mechanical Engineering Superintending Engineer (Mechanical) Purchase and maintenance of all vehicles of the corporation, attending to body building and repairing of lorries, and purchase and maintenance of school and office furniture. The Printing Press, General Stores, and General Workshop of Corporation function under the control of this department.
8 Electrical Superintending Engineer (Electrical) Installation and maintenance of all street lights, laying of cables, and maintenance of electric crematoriums
9 Solid Waste Management Superintending Engineer Removal of solid waste and executing night conservancy in all important roads and commercial areas of the city
10 Buildings Superintending Engineer Construction of school buildings, public conveniences, community halls, shopping complexes and hospitals
11 Storm Water Drain Superintending Engineer Construction, maintenance and desilting of storm water drains
12 Bridges Superintending Engineer Construction and maintenance of bridges, causeways and subways
13 Health Medical Officer Administration of dispensaries, public health, sanitation, prevention of food adulteration, issue of birth, death, and sanitation certificates
14 Family Welfare Medical Officer Administration of maternity and child welfare centers, family welfare and immunization programmes
15 Education Education Officer Administration of schools from elementary to higher secondary levels, community colleges and nutritious meals centers
16 Parks & Play Fields Director, Urban Forestry Wing
(assisted by two Park Superintendents and one Stadia Officer)
Maintenance of parks, play fields, and swimming pools

Elections

2022 Chennai Municipal Corporation Election
  Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam: 153 seats
  Indian National Congress: 13 seats
  Communist Party of India (Marxist): 4 seats
  Communist Party of India: 1 seat
  Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam: 1 seat
  Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi: 4 seats
  Indian Union Muslim League: 1 seat
  Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam: 2 seats
  All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam: 15 seats
  Bharatiya Janata Party: 1 seat
  Independent : 5 seats

The seats of the

independent candidates won in their respective wards. The councillors formally elected the Mayor and the Deputy Mayor on 4 March 2022.[20] Having secured an absolute majority, the DMK's mayoral candidate Priya Rajan became the 46th Mayor of Chennai, unopposed. She is the youngest mayor in Chennai's history (aged 28), and the first Dalit
woman to hold the office.

Emblem

During the British period the Madras Corporation flag had the 'sea, boat, 3 lions and 2 fish'. The 3 lions represented the British and the sea, boat, and fish denoted the seashore of madras. After Independence, the need for changing the flag arose. M.P. Sivagnanam (

Ma. Po. Si.) who was heading the education wing of the corporation suggested the Pandiya, Chola, Chera's symbol 'Fish, Tiger and Bow' (which he already had in his 'Tamil arasu kazhagam's flag). Rajaji agreed with his suggestion.[21]

Police

The

Chennai City Traffic Police (CCTP). The Metropolitan suburbs are policed by the Chennai Metropolitan Police
, and outer district areas are policed by the Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur police departments.

Budget

As of 2020, the

city government's budget is 3,815 crore (US$480 million), out of which 1,900 crore (US$240 million) was earmarked for capital expenditure, 120 crore (US$15 million) is to be spent on the smart city project and a massive 1,275 crore (US$160 million) on laying bus routes, construction of new bridges and other methods of improve the transport infrastructure of the city.[23]

Location and demography

Chennai Corporation area is located on the

Deccan plateau and the northern end of the state of Tamil Nadu. The city stretches along the coast covering about 43 km of sandy beach and extending about 19 km inland, encompassing an area of 426 sq km. The estimated population is about 6.5 million.[7]

Functions

The corporation maintains roads, streetlights, and flyovers across the city

abattoir.[28] There are 23,538 staffs working in the corporation.[7] In 2011–2012, 190 million was allotted by the Tamil Nadu government for the development of the city areas within corporation limits.[29] In 2014, the Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation (Tangedco) planned to change its 11-kilo volt transformers with 1,784 ring main units (RMUs) that are compact and safe.[30]

Roads

The corporation maintains a total of 1,160 macadamised bus routes running to a total length of 353.94 km. The Total length of interior roads measures about 5,563.06 km. Total length of cement concrete roads maintained by the Corporation in the bus routes measures 3.68 km and the length of cement concrete interior roads measures 1,292.54 km.[8]

The newly expanded region of the corporation alone has 2,752 km of roads, along which there is a 682.4 km network of storm water drains.[31]

Street lamps in the city were introduced in 1785. Until the introduction of electric street lighting, the street lighting was done by oil lights. Till 1857, there were only 200 oil light lamps. By the year 1910, this was increased to 6,500. In 1910, electric street lighting was introduced. By 1924–1925, all the oil lights in the streets of the city were completely replaced by electric lights. The corporation also maintains 264 high-mast lights and 133 8-meter and 12-meter lamp posts with cluster lights at important junctions. The Corporation owns 22 hydraulic vehicles for attending maintenance work to streetlights.[32] In 2012, the Corporation started installing 60,000 streetlights in the newly included zones, in addition to replacing about 88,000 old streetlights in these zones.[33] Per the norm of the corporation, the minimum distance between two adjacent streetlights is 25 metre.[33]

As on 2012, the corporation maintains 262 bridges, road-overbridges and road-underbridges, including 65 high-level bridges, 31 box culverts, 81 slab culverts, 11 rail-overbridges, 14 rail-underbridges, 6 pedestrian subways, 6 causeways, 35 footbridges and 13 grade separators.[34]

In 2013, the corporation acquired a Road Measurement Data Acquisition System (ROMDAS) to check the quality of newly laid roads.[35]

Parks and open green spaces

Anna Park maintained by Anna University

Chennai has one of the lowest per capita green space in the country. As of 2012, It has only about 0.46 square metres per city dweller. According to the development rules, when plots measuring more than 10,000 square metres are developed, 10% of the area must be reserved as open space and gifted to the local bodies, and in plots measuring between 3,000 and 10,000 square metres, if gifting of 10% of the area as open space is not possible, cash equivalent can be paid. The money thus collected is utilized to develop the landscaping in the city.[36]

Since 1976, the Chennai Corporation has been collecting OSR charges and taking possession of land under the open space reservation rules. But so far it has not revealed what the total amount of land and cash collected. Data shows that since 2002, about 1.85 million square feet of land has been acquired.[37]

The corporation maintains 260 public parks, 154 traffic islands, and 103 centre medians on major roads. Since the formation of the corporation until 1947, the corporation had maintained 18 public play fields. As of 2012, the corporation maintains 228 play fields, 234 gymnasiums, 4 shuttles indoor stadium, 1 basketball indoor stadium, and 2 swimming pools. Of the 228 play fields, about 14 have been designated as star play ground with facilities such as courts for football, tennis, volleyball, ball badminton, and basketball. The gymnasiums are used by about 50 to 100 people every day. Indoor shuttle courts are located in

K. K. Nagar and T. Nagar.[38] The corporation also maintains beaches within the city.[39]

There are about 13,787 lights installed and maintained in the park and play fields by the corporation.[32]

Education

There are 322 schools run by the corporation, with a total student count of 130,000.[8] As per 2012–2013 corporation budget, 30 new English medium primary and middle schools will be started.[40] The civic body has also planned to construct 64 additional buildings on existing school campuses that require more classrooms. In addition, libraries and a career guidance centre would be set up in all corporation high and higher secondary schools.[40]

Health

The corporation maintains 75 dispensaries, 36 malaria clinics, 42 tuberculosis microscopic centres, and 1 centre each for communicable diseases, NGO-run malaria clinic, filaria clinic, and filaria lymphodema management clinic. The corporation maintains three slaughterhouses in Perambur, Villivakkam, and Saidapet, where an average of 1,500 sheep and 150 cattle are slaughtered every day.[8] As per 2012–2013 corporation budget, 11 new dental clinics will be set up in addition to the existing ones to ensure that every zone has a clinic.[40] A new hospital will be set up with a specialised leprosy centre and Mandambakkam to benefit the residents of South Chennai.[40] In 2007, it was reported that mosquitoes were the biggest menace in the city.[41] In 2012, the corporation announced that it was planning to breed sterile male mosquitoes to bring down the population of female mosquitoes.[42]

The corporation maintains electric furnace units at the burial grounds at Villivakkam, Nungambakkam, GKM colony, and Arumbakkam. It also maintains gassifier furnace units at Moolakothalam, Kannammapet, Besant Nagar Mylapore, Kasimedu, Vyasarpadi, Otteri, Thangal, Velangadu, Krishnampet, Saidapet, and Besant Nagar burial grounds.[32]

Solid waste management

Chennai Corporation mechanical sweeper in action at the Beach Road

Headed by a Superintendent Engineer, the corporation is responsible for removal of solid waste within city limits. Every day, 4,500 metric tons of garbage is collected and removed from the city. Night conservancy is being carried out in all important roads and commercial areas of the city. In addition, door-to-door collection of garbage is followed in all zones in the city.[43] The waste is transported by 966 conservancy vehicles.[7] The corporation maintains dumping grounds at Kodungaiyur and Perungudi for dumping solid waste.[7]

Chennai is hit by shortage of sanitary workers. To counter this, the corporation is to appoint 4,000 sanitary inspectors, junior engineers and assistant executive engineers in 2012.[44]

Garbage in most zones was previously handled by JBM Fanalca Environment Management, a private company, and by the Chennai Corporation in the other zones. Solid waste management in several parts of the city was subsequently handed over to Chennai Municipal Solid Waste Pvt. Ltd a

toll-free telephone number to answer queries relating to waste management.[48] The company also performed street plays to spread awareness on keeping the city clean.[49] The Corporation later decided to take penal action against the private agency for not keeping up its end of the deal.[50] In September, a show cause notice for termination of the contract was served, which was further upheld by the Madras High Court.[51]

In other zones, the Corporation looks after the removal and processing of solid waste in the others,[52] with a superintendent engineer managing the channels. As of 2011, 8 transfer stations exist within the city for treating the waste.[53] Garbage is dumped in two dump-yards in the city—One in Kodungaiyur and another in Perungudi, with a major portion of the latter covering the Pallikaranai marshland.[54] In market areas, the conservancy work is done during the night.[55] Water supply and sewage treatment are handled by the Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewage Board, popularly referred to as Metro Water. Electricity is supplied by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board.[56] Fire services are handled by the Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Service.[57] The city, along with the suburbs, has 33 operating fire stations.[58]

Telecommunication

The city's telephone service is provided by three landline companies:

ACT Broadband
.

Waste management

The city generates 4,500 tonnes of garbage every day. The city has three dumpyards, one each at

food waste around 8 percent. The civic body also spends 4 billion (US$50 million) a year on solid waste management.[63] The corporation is planning to create a 200-acre park at the 269-acre Kodungaiyur dump yard and a 150-acre park at the 200-acre Perungudi dumpsite.[64]

Water

Historically, Chennai has relied on annual

Veeranam Lake project failed to solve the city's water problems, but the New Veeranam project, which became operational in September 2004, has greatly reduced dependency on distant sources.[65] In recent years, heavy and consistent monsoon rains and rainwater harvesting (RWH) by Chennai Metrowater at its Anna Nagar Rain Centre have significantly reduced water shortages. The Metrowater methods have become a model of RWH technology for other cities.[66] Moreover, newer projects like the Telugu Ganga project that bring water from water-surplus rivers like the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh have eased water shortages. The city is constructing sea water desalination plants to further increase the water supply.[67][68]

The city's water supply and sewage treatment are managed by the

Veeranam lake project[70] and 100 MLD of water from the Minjur desalination plant, the country's largest sea water desalination plant.[72][73][74] However, Chennai is predicted to face a huge deficit of 713 MLD in 2026 as the demand is projected at 2,248 MLD and supply estimated at only 1,535 MLD.[75] There are 714 public toilets in the city managed by the city corporation,[76] and 2,000 more has been planned by the corporation.[77] The corporation also owns 52 community halls across the city.[78]

Awards

In December 2014, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) adjudged the Chennai Corporation as the best among all the government departments in terms of e-governance.[79]

Gallery

  • Entrance view
    Entrance view
  • Alternate view
    Alternate view
  • Ripon Building under the Dark Clouds
    Ripon Building under the Dark Clouds
  • Complete front façade of the building
    Complete front façade of the building
  • Ripon Building at 1990
    Ripon Building at 1990
  • Ripon Building panoramic view
    Ripon Building panoramic view

See also

References

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