Corrective Revolution (Egypt)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Corrective Movement
Date15 May 1971
LocationEgypt
ParticipantsAnwar Sadat
Outcome
  • Anwar Sadat's consolidation of power.
  • Radical changes in Egypt's politics, economy, and foreign policy.

The Corrective Revolution (officially launched as the "Corrective Movement")

Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty, Egypt's subsequent suspension from the Arab League
.

Sadat's Corrective Revolution also included the imprisonment of other political forces in Egypt, including leftists and officials still loyal to Nasserism. Sadat used the Corrective Revolution as a way to 'exorcise Nasser's ghost' from Egyptian politics, and to establish his domestic legitimacy.[3]

Political reforms

Shortly after taking office, Sadat shocked many Egyptians by dismissing and imprisoning two of the most powerful figures in the regime, Vice President Ali Sabri, who had close ties with Soviet officials, and Sharawy Gomaa, the Interior Minister, who controlled the secret police.[4] Sadat's rising popularity would accelerate after he cut back the powers of the secret police,[4] expelled Soviet military from the country[5] and reformed the Egyptian army for a renewed confrontation with Israel.[4] During this time, Egypt was suffering greatly from economic problems caused by the Six-Day War and the Soviet relationship also declined due to their unreliability and refusal of Sadat's requests for more military support.[6]

Economic reforms

In an attempt to revitalize the economy, Sadat enacted the

Nasser administration, or national sovereignty to foreign powers. The public sector therefore retained a large amount of control over the economy, leading Western investors to remain relatively suspicious of Egypt. Regardless, capital investments did come, and the economy experienced a slow but steady recovery in the following years. [7]

Opposition movements

In the early years of his presidency, Sadat encouraged older, more moderate Islamist groups and intellectuals, freeing political activists imprisoned by

jihadist groups began to fail rapidly. These talks were a sharp change in Sadat's international policy, who said of Israel in 1970, "Don't ask me to make diplomatic relations with them. Never. Never. Leave it to the coming generations to decide that, not me."[11]
Most notably, despite Sadat's initial minimum demand for
Islamist organizations, to which Sadat responded with uncharacteristic force, detaining 1,600 opponents, followed by the forced expulsion of over 1,000 Soviet citizens he accused of conspiracy. [13] During a parade in October 1981, Sadat was shot by a group of extremists, connected to various Islamist groups.[14]

References

  1. ^ .
  2. .
  3. .
  4. ^ a b c "Anwar el-Sadat, the Daring Arabian Pioneer of Peace with Israel". The New York Times.
  5. S2CID 216279788
    .
  6. ^ "Anwar Sadat". Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2009.
  7. ^ Weinbaum, Marvin (2014-06-21). "Egypt's "Infitah" and the Politics of US Economic Assistance". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. .
  9. ^ Tanner, Henry (1981-04-05). "Sadat Learns to Compromise With His Religious Militants". The New York Times. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  10. S2CID 143775324
    .
  11. ^ Pace, Eric (1981-10-07). "Anwar el-Sadat, The Daring Arab Pioneer of Peace with Israel Sadat's Innovations Sprang from his Courage and Flexibility". The New York Times. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  12. ^ Pace, Eric (1981-10-07). "Anwar el-Sadat, The Daring Arab Pioneer of Peace with Israel Sadat's Innovations Sprang from his Courage and Flexibility". The New York Times. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  13. ^ Pace, Eric (1981-10-07). "Anwar el-Sadat, The Daring Arab Pioneer of Peace with Israel Sadat's Innovations Sprang from his Courage and Flexibility". The New York Times. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  14. ^ "Sadat assassins are executed". The Glasgow Herald. 1982-04-16. Retrieved 2020-06-23.