Cotton swab

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

A cotton swab

Cotton swabs (

biodegradable alternatives over concerns about marine pollution
.

History

A pack of 54 Q-tips

The first mass-produced cotton swab was developed in 1923 by

genericized trademark for a cotton swab in the United States and Canada.[2] The Q-tips brand is owned by Unilever and had over $200 million in US sales in 2014.[3] "Johnson's buds" are made by Johnson & Johnson
.

However, according to the United States Patent Case (C-10,415) Q-Tips, Inc. v. Johnson & Johnson, 108 F. Supp. 845 (D.N.J. 1952),[4] it would appear that the first commercial producer of cotton tipped applicators was a Mrs. Hazel Tietjen Forbis, who manufactured them in her home. She also owned a patent on the article, numbered 1,652,108, dated December 6, 1927, and sold the product under the appellation Baby Nose-Gay.[5] In 1925, Leo Gerstenzang Co., Inc. purchased an assignment of the product patent from Mrs. Forbis. On January 2, 1937, Q-Tips, Inc's president, Mr. Leo Gerstenzang, and his wife Mrs. Ziuta Gerstenzang formed a partnership and purchased from Mrs. Forbis "All merchandise, machinery and fixtures now contained in the premises 132 W. 36th Street and used by said Q-Tips, Inc., for the manufacture of Q-Tips or medicated swabs together with the accounts receivable of said Q-Tips, Inc." The contract recited that Q-Tips, Inc. was the owner of patents covering the manufacture of applicators.[4]

Originally, when cotton tipped applicators were made by Mrs. Forbis, they were sold under the name of Baby Nose-Gays.[6] In 1925, after The Leo Gerstenzang Co., Inc. purchased an assignment of the product patent from Mrs. Forbis, the packages of applicators were labelled Baby-Gays. In 1926, the legend was changed to read "Q-Tips Baby Gays", and in 1927 an application was made to register the mark "Q-Tips Baby Gays". Sometime after 1926, the words "Baby Gays" were dropped and the concern began to develop "Q-Tips" as its identifying mark, applying for registration of it on September 14, 1933.[4] Packages were made up using blue paper with pictures of double tipped applicators upon them, features which have been the basis for the Q Tips packaged sign since that time. The design of the crossed applicators was made by dropping them and then photographing the resulting pattern. The "Q" in Q-Tips stood for "quality", although some believed that it was meant to make it sound like "cute tip".[7][8]

Description

The traditional cotton swab has a single tip on a wooden handle, and these are still often used, especially in medical settings. They are usually relatively long, about 4 inches (10 cm). These often are packaged sterile, one or two to a paper or plastic sleeve. The advantage of the paper sleeve and the wooden handle is that the package can be autoclaved to be sterilized (plastic sleeves or handles would melt in the autoclave).

Cotton swabs manufactured for home use are usually shorter, about 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) long, and usually double-tipped. The handles were first made of wood, then made of rolled paper, which is still most common (although tubular plastic is also used). They are often sold in large quantities, 100 or more to a container.

Plastic swab stems exist in a wide variety of colors, such as blue, pink or green. However, the cotton itself is traditionally white.

Use

Wet-type earwax
on a cotton swab

The most common use for cotton swabs is to clean the ear canal by removing earwax. Cotton swabs are also commonly used for applying and removing makeup, as well as for household uses such as cleaning and arts and crafts. They are also handy for touching up nail polish that gets on the surrounding skin.

Medical-type swabs are often used to take

Betadine
. They are also used as an applicator for various cosmetics, ointments, and other substances.

A related area is the use of swabs for microbiological environmental monitoring. Once taken, the swab can be streaked onto an agar plate, or the contents of the tip removed by agitation or dilution into the broth. The broth can either then be filtered or incubated and examined for microbial growth.[9]

Cotton swabs are also often used outside of the field of personal hygiene:

Role in medical diagnostics

The importance of swab technology in medical diagnostics is immense. Swabs are a primary tool for collecting patient specimens, vital for accurately detecting pathogens, DNA sampling, and disease diagnosis. The collection's precise nature and the swab's quality are critical in ensuring reliable test results.

Nasopharyngeal swabs for respiratory virus detection swabs for efficient DNA material collection swabs to assess the presence of microbial infection in sterility and prevention of contamination.

Medical risks

Cotton swabs in a round container

The use of cotton swabs in the ear canal has no associated medical benefits and poses definite medical risks.

external auditory canal that protects the skin inside the ear, serves beneficial lubrication and cleaning functions, and provides some protection from bacteria, fungi, insects, and water.[15][16]

Attempts to remove cerumen with cotton swabs may result in cerumen impaction, a buildup or blockage of cerumen in the ear canal, which can cause pain, hearing problems, ringing in the ear, or dizziness, and may require medical treatment to resolve.[13] The use of cotton swabs in the ear canal is one of the most common causes of perforated eardrum, a condition which sometimes requires surgery to correct.[17]

A 2004 study found that the "use of a cotton-tip applicator to clean the ear seems to be the leading cause of otitis externa in children and should be avoided."[18] Instead, wiping wax away from the ear with a washcloth after a shower almost completely cleans the outer one-third of the ear canal, where earwax is made.[19] In the US between 1990 and 2010, an estimated 263,338 children went to hospital emergency rooms for cotton swab injuries, accounting for an estimated annual hospitalization of 13,167 children.[20]

Environmental impact

Plastic cotton swabs are often flushed down the toilet, increasing the risk of marine pollution. Some manufacturers and retailers have stopped the production and sale of plastic swabs and are only selling biodegradable paper versions.[21]

The European Union instated a ban on the use of plastic-stemmed cotton swabs in 2021.[22] Italy had previously instated a ban in 2019[23] and Monaco in 2020.[24] England,[25] Scotland,[26] Wales,[27] and the Isle of Man[28] each instated a ban between 2019 and 2021.

See also

References

  1. ^ Schueller, Randy (1996). "Cotton Swab". How Products are Made. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011.
  2. ^ a b "About: A Q-Tips® Cotton Swabs History". Unilever United States. 2007–2018.
  3. The Toronto Star
    . Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "Q-Tips, Inc. v. Johnson & Johnson, 108 F. Supp. 845 (D.N.J. 1952)". Law.justia.com. Retrieved 20 July 2022. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ "Patent filed : No: 1,652,108 : H. T. Forbis" (PDF). Patentimages.storage.googleapis.com. 6 December 1927. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  6. ^ Meyersohn, Nathaniel (25 June 2022). "How we got addicted to using Q-tips the wrong way". CNN Business. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  7. ^ "Why are they called q-tips when they don't look like the letter Q". Why Guy. abc10.com. 24 October 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  8. ^ Benson Smith, Sam (29 March 2021). "What Exactly Does the 'Q' in 'Q-tips' Stand For?". Reader's Digest. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  9. ^ Sandle, T. (July 2011). "A study of a new type of swab for the environmental monitoring of isolators and cleanrooms". European Journal of Parenteral & Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16 (2): 42–48.
  10. ^ Edward Boyle (1 September 1996). "Taking the measure of surface treatment is a learning process". PFFC: Paper, Film & Foil Converter. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
  11. ^ Moser, Rod (13 November 2006), Q-Tips – Weapons of Ear Destruction?, WebMD
  12. ^ Stein, Joel (26 March 2001), "Something Evil in the Ear Canal", Time
  13. ^
    PMID 17555145
    .
  14. ^ "Why You Really, Truly Should Not Put Q-Tips Into Your Ears". commonhealth. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  15. PMID 17555144
    . Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  16. ^ Earwax Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine at the American Hearing Research Foundation. Chicago, Illinois 2008.
  17. S2CID 206199065
    .
  18. . Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  19. ^ "Don't use cotton-tipped swabs to clean inside your ears, experts urge". CBC News. 9 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  20. PMID 28473166
    . Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  21. ^ Johnston, Ian (13 February 2017). "Johnson & Johnson will stop selling plastic cotton buds in half the world to help cut marine pollution". The Independent. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
  22. ^ Moore, Darrel (28 March 2019). "European Parliament Approves Law To Ban Single-Use Plastics". CIWM Journal Online. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  23. ^ "Italy to ban microplastics used in rinse-off cosmetics products". ChemicalWatch.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  24. ^ "Combating Plastics in Monaco: On 1 January, Plastic Cotton Buds, Cups, Cutlery and Plates wereBanned". 6 January 2020.
  25. ^ "Ban on plastic straws in England pushed back to October 2020". Edie.net. 22 May 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  26. ^ "Plastic-stemmed cotton buds now banned in Scotland". BBC News. 12 October 2019.
  27. ^ "Wales unveils plans to ban single-use plastics from 2021". Edie.net. 19 March 2020.
  28. ^ "Manx government proposes ban on single-use plastics". BBC News. 24 July 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.

External links