County of Geneva
County of Geneva | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th century–1401 | |||||||||
 Coat of arms
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 Arelat (yellow) with Geneva, about 1200 | |||||||||
| Status | County | ||||||||
| Capital | La Roche Annecy (1219–1320) | ||||||||
| Government | County | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• County established | 10th century | ||||||||
• Line extinct | 1394 | ||||||||
• Purchased by Savoy | 1401 | ||||||||
• Genevois province | 1659 | ||||||||
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The County of Geneva, largely corresponding to the later Genevois province, originated in the tenth century, in the Burgundian Kingdom of Arles (Arelat) which fell to the Holy Roman Empire in 1032.
History
Several nobles had held the title of a Count of Geneva in Upper Burgundy (Bourgogne transjurane) from the 9th century. The progenitor of the Counts of Geneva was Conrad I, possible count palatine of Burgundy, in Vienne. Count Cono/Conrad died about 1003 in exile, during the Hermann II's rebellion (his brother duke of Swabia, of Conradines lineage).[1] Their son, Robert, count of Geneva, was born about 970 and died about 1020.
The county never played a major part as a feudal entity. The city of Geneva and its environs were retained, but the approaches to the western end of Lake Geneva, which had made the position strategic, were soon lost. In 1124, the Bishops of Geneva had their rule over the city acknowledged and continued to make themselves an independent force, while the Counts of Savoy encircled the territory and controlled the trade routes. From 1219 on, the counts' stronghold and capital was Annecy.
At a moment when the male line of the counts was near exhaustion,
Eventually in 1401, the year after Humbert's death, his heir Odo of Thoire-Geneva sold the comté to Count
List of counts
Legendary counts
Medieval historians connected the literary figures of Reynier and Olivier from the late-12th-century Girart de Vienne to the Genevois, but this is pure fiction.
Early counts
- c. 890 : Manasses, may be count of Geneva[3]
- ...
- c. 1002 : Manasses[4]
- c. 1012 : Robert, his nephew, son of count Cono/Conrad I (possible Cono count palatine of Burgundy)[5]
Unconfirmed counts
By Samuel Guichenon, in Histoire généalogique de la royale maison de Savoie (1660)[6]
- 880 (?) : Ratbert (870/880 – † 901)
- 931 (?) : Albitius (900 – † 931/932), his son
- (?) : Conrad (930 – † c. 963), his son
- c. 963–974 (?) : Robert († 974), his son[7]
- 974–1001 (?) : Albert
- 1004 (?) : Renaud
- 1016 (?) : Aymon
- c. 1060 : Robert
House of Geneva
- c. 1045–c.1061 : Gerold of Geneva
- c. 1061–1080: Conrad, his son
- c. 1080–1128 : Aymon I, his brother
- 1128–1178 : Amadeus I, his son
- 1178–1195 : William I his son
- 1195–1220 : Humbert I, his son
- 1220–1252 : William II, his brother
- 1252–1265 : Rudolf, his son
- 1265–1280 : Aymon II, his son
- 1280–1308 : Amadeus II, his brother
- 1308–1320 : William III, his son
- 1320–1367 : Amadeus III, his son
- 1367–1367 : Aymon III, his son
- 1367–1369 : Amadeus IV, his brother
- 1369–1370 : John I, his brother
- 1370–1392 : Peter, his brother
- 1392–1394 : Robert, his brother as Clement VII he was Antipope at Avignon from 1378
House of Thoire
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- 1394–1400 : Humbert VII of Thoire and Villars (died 1400), son of Humbert VI, Lord of Thoire and Villars, and Maria of Geneva, daughter of Amadeus III
- 1400–1401 : Odo of Thoire and Villars
In 1401, Odo sold the County to
House of Savoy
From 1424 the County of Geneva was joined to the House of Savoy, although at times it was granted as appanage to cadet branches of the family.
- 1424–1434 : Duke of Savoy
- 1434–1444 : Philip of Savoy (1417–1444), his son, apanagiste Count
- 1444–1460 : Louis (1413–1465), Duke of Savoy, his brother
- 1460–1482 : King of Cyprus
- 1482–1491 : John of Savoy (1440–1491), his brother, apanagiste Count
- 1491–1496 : Charles II (1489–1496), Duke of Savoy
- 1496–1497 : Philipp II the Landless (1438–1497), Duke of Savoy, great-uncle of the previous, son of Louis I
- 1497–1504 : Philibert II the Handsome (1480–1504), Duke of Savoy, his son
- 1504–1514 : Charles III (1486–1553), Duke of Savoy, his brother
- 1514–1533 : Philippe, Duke of Nemours (1490 † 1533), apanagiste Count of Geneva, Duke of Nemours, his brother
- 1533–1585 : Jacques, Duke of Nemours(1531–1585), Duke of Geneva 1564, his son
- 1585–1595 : Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Nemours(1567–1595), his son
- 1595–1632 : Henri I, Duke of Nemours (1572–1632), his brother
- 1632–1641 : Louis, Duke of Nemours(1615–1641), his son
- 1641–1652 : Charles Amadeus of Savoy (1624–1652), his brother
- 1652–1659 : Archbishop of Reims
- 1659–1724 : Marie Jeanne of Savoy(1644–1724), daughter of Charles Amadeus, married
- Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (1634–1675) husband of the above
Subsequently, the County of Geneva was joined to the Duchy of Savoy.
References
- ^ Donald C. Jackman, The Konradiner: a study in genealogical methodology, Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1990, p. 206.
- ISBN 2-7171-0200-0), p.11.
- ISBN 2-7171-0200-0), p.11.
- ^ Régeste genevois, acte de 1002, « Manasaeus comes, Rotbertus nepos ejus », REG 0/0/1/144, Fondation des Archives historiques de l'Abbaye de Saint-Maurice (Suisse) - digi-archives.org.
- ^ Régeste genevois, acte de 1002, « Manasaeus comes, Rotbertus nepos ejus », REG 0/0/1/144, Fondation des Archives historiques de l'Abbaye de Saint-Maurice (Suisse) - digi-archives.org.
- ^ Samuel Guichenon, Histoire généalogique de la Royale Maison de Savoie ou Histoire généalogique de la Royale Maison de Savoie justifiée par titres, foundations de monastères, manuscrits, anciens monumens, histoires, et autres preuves authentiques, chez Jean-Michel Briolo, 1660, p. 309–310 « Table XVIII. Extraction de Béatrix de Genève, comtesse de Savoie », Lire en ligne.
- ISBN 978-2-88442-007-5).
Further reading
- Duparc, Pierre, Le Comté de Genève, Ixe-XVe siècle (Geneva and Paris) 1955.
- Paul Guichonnet: Genève, de in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.