Courtship disorder
Courtship disorder is a theoretical construct in
Courtship disorder hypothesis
According to the courtship disorder hypothesis, there is a species-typical courtship process in humans consisting of four phases.[3][4] These phases are: "(1) looking for and appraising potential sexual partners; (2) pretactile interaction with those partners, such as by smiling at and talking to them; (3) tactile interaction with them, such as by embracing or petting; (4) and then sexual intercourse."[5]
The associations between these phases and these paraphilias were first outlined by
Freund noted that troilism being a variant of voyeurism.
Appropriate behaviors depend on the social and cultural context, including time and place. Some behaviors that are unacceptable under most circumstances, such as
Evidence and acceptance of the theory
Paraphilias within the Courtship Disorder spectrum co-occur with each other more frequently than with paraphilias outside the courtship disorder spectrum.[12][13][14][15] The courtship disorder model offers an underlying common cause for these paraphilias in men to explain this co-occurrence.[6][7]
Courtship disorder is widely cited by sexologists and forensic scientists as one of the predominant models of the paraphilias.[16][17][18][19][20] Murphy and Page wrote that "The 'Courtship Disorder Theory' of Freund is one of the only theories specific to exhibitionism."[21] According to Lavin (2008), "Freund's theory, more than the others, makes it clear that the ordering of activities ... has clinical significance."[22]
Another theoretically based taxonomy of the paraphilias was proposed by John Money, who described the range of paraphilic interests as lovemaps.[23]
See also
References
- ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-2.
- ^ Freund, K.; Kolářský, A. (1965). "Grundzüge eines einfachen bezugsystems für die analyse sexueller deviationen ['Basic features of a reference system for considering anomalous erotic preferences']". Psychiatrie, Neurologie, and Medizinische Psychologie. 17: 221–225.
- ^ Freund, K. (1976). "Diagnosis and treatment of forensically significant anomalous erotic preferences." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Corrections, 18, 181–189.
- ^ Freund, K., & Blanchard, R. (1986). "The concept of courtship disorder." Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 12, 79–92.
- ^ Cantor, J. M., Blanchard, R., & Barbaree, H. E. (2009). Sexual disorders. In P. H. Blaney & T. Millon (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (2nd ed.) (pp. 527–548). New York: Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b Freund, K. (1988). "Courtship disorder: Is the hypothesis valid?" Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 528, 172–182.
- ^ a b Freund, K., Scher, H., & Hucker, S. (1983). The courtship disorders. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 12, 369–379.
- ^ a b Freund, K. (1990). "Courtship disorder." In W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws, & H. E. Barbaree (Eds.), Handbook of Sexual Assault: Issues, Theories, and Treatment of the Offender (pp. 195–207). NY: Plenum.
- ^ Hirschfeld, M. (1938). Sexual Anomalies and Perversions: Physical and Psychological Development, Diagnosis and Treatment (new and revised ed.). London: Encyclopaedic Press.
- ^ Freund, K., & Watson, R. (1990). "Mapping the boundaries of courtship disorder." The Journal of Sex Research, 27, 589–606.
- ^ Maharajh, H. D., & Konings, M. (2007). Dancing frotteurism and courtship disorder in Trinidad and Tobago. Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine, 7(2).
- ^ Abel, G. G., & Osborn, C. (1992). "The paraphilias: The extent and nature of sexually deviant and criminal behavior." Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 15, 675–689.
- PMID 3395701.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Maea, M., & Coccaro, E. F. (1998). Neurobiology and clinical views on aggression and impulsivity (Clinical & neurobiological advances in psychiatry series). New York: Wiley.
- ^ McConaghy, N. (1993). Sexual Behavior: Problems and Management. New York: Plenum.
- ^ Coleman, E., Dwyer, S. M., & Pallone, N. J. (Eds.) (1996). Sex Offender Treatment: Biological Dysfunction, Intrapsychic Conflict, and Interpersonal Violence.
- ^ Krueger, R. B., Kaplan, M. (2001). "The paraphilic and hypersexual disorders: An overview." Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 7, 391–403.
- S2CID 146788566.
- ^ Murphy, W. D., & Page, I J. (2008). "Exhibitionism: Psychopathology and theory." In D. R. Laws and W. T. O'Donohue (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Theory, assessment, and treatment (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford
- ^ Lavin, M. (2008). D. R. Laws; W. T. O'Donohue (eds.). "Voyeurism: Psychopathology and theory". Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
- Money, John (1986). Love Maps: Clinical Concepts of Sexual/Erotic Health and Pathology, Paraphilia, and Gender Transposition in Childhood, Adolescence, and Maturity. New York: Prometheus Books.